新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第二版UNIT8A篇練習(xí)答案課文翻譯

新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第二版UNIT8A篇練習(xí)答案課文翻譯第1頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)WarmingUp1.What’sthepresident’ssuggestionforgraduateswhowanttogetajob?2.Supposethejobmarketisveryweakwhenyougraduate,wouldyougoforhighereducationinordertorideoutthisrecession?(Open)ScriptWatchthemovieclipanddiscussthefollowingquestions:第2頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)WarmingUp1.What’sthepresident’ssuggestionforgraduateswhowanttogetajob?

havingtheincredibletalentsetthatnoteverybodyhas

gettingrealexperience

knowledgeispower,beingempoweredwiththeinformationthatwillservethembestandeducationwillalwayspayoffinalong-term第3頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)WarmingUpScriptA:Itisatoughtimerightnowforanyonetofindajob.It’sparticularlyhardforsomecollegegrads.Alotofpeopleareatleastworriedaboutwhatthey’regonnadointermsoffindingajobwhentheygraduate.Solet’sbringinEricYaverbaum,heispresidentofCollegeClickTV.comhere,uh,withsometipsforus.Thanksforbeinghere,Eric.B:Thanksforhavingme.A:Talktousabout,peoplethatarejustabouttograduatefromcollegeormaybetheyrecentlygraduated.Theyaretryingtogetajob.Tipsforthem.Whatdotheypossiblyhavetoofferemployersthatotherpeoplemightnotrightnow?第4頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)WarmingUpB:Well,youknow,one,it’sanewworld,andyougotthegenerationbornwithamouseintheirhandit’sgraduating.Andalotofpeoplewhowantthatgenerationworkingforthem,that’sanincredibletalentsetthatnoteverybodyhas.Um,twoisgetrealexperience,Imeanifyougetwhileyouareincollege,justgreat.Ifyoucan’tgetajob,getaninternship.Thereisabigdifferencebetweenthosewhohaveinternshipsandthosewhohaveexperienceandthosewhodon’t.AndIcantellyouasanemployeristhatwegetastackofresumesmorethaneverobviouslynow.第5頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)WarmingUpAndtheonesthatwepulloutaretheonesthathaveexperienceandthoseofpeoplewhodidinternships.A:

Youknowtherearealotofpeopleapplyingtograduateschoolrightnowforaprofessionaldegreeandgoingforhighereducation,hopingtorideoutthisrecessionandthisextremelyweakjobmarket.Sometipsforthemintermsofbeingabletoaffordhighereducationorpossiblyaskingteamingupwithemployers.Orsomeemployerswillpayforpartofadegreeifittiesinrightwiththe,withwhattheydoandifyou’regoingtoassurethemthatyouworkforthemforcertainmoney,isthatsoaround?第6頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)WarmingUpB:

Yea,it’sstillaround,butit'salotless.It’sjustlikeuniversities.Theyhavealotlesstogive.Corporationshavealotlesstogive,soinpartyouareonyourown.Butknowledgeispower.Youneedtobeempoweredwiththeinformationthatwillserveyoubestandyou’vegotto,thateducationwillalwayspayoffinalong-term.Timesaretough,Iknow,theywillnotalwaysbelikethis.We’rethebigbadUnitedStatesandwewillcomebackandyoureducationwillbeavaluetoyou.第7頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)A:Wewillleaveitthere,Eric.Thankyousomuchpeoplecanlearnmoreon...B:CollegeClickTV.com,youcanmake,youcanseea360degreeperspectiveofanycollegeyoumightwannalookat.A:Alright,therewego,thanksEric.B:Thankyou.WarmingUp第8頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)TextAreyoutherightpersonforthejob?第9頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)Areyoutherightpersonforthejob?1

Intheolddaysitwaseasy.Theyweregoingtobe

thebestthreeyearsofyourlife,andyouknewit.You

spentyourtimechattinglateintothenightwithnew-foundfriendsincoffeebarsandpubs,playingyourheartoutinthesquashcourtsandonthecricketfield,orstruttingacrossthestageasaleadinglightoftheuniversitydramaticsociety.Text第10頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)Whateveryourinterest,universitylifecateredforit.And,let’snotforget,youwouldusuallymanagetokeepupwiththeworktoo,bydoingtherequiredreadinganddashingofftheweek’sessayatthelastminute.Theonlythingyoudidn’tfindtimeforwasthinkingaboutwhatcameafterwards,attheendofthosethreeexcitingyears.Butyoudidn’tneedto,becausewhateveryourchosencareer,thecompanieswerealllininguptoofferyouajob.Text第11頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)

2

ThatwaswhatitwaslikeintheolddaysasastudentintheUK.Butthingshavechanged.ArecentstudyofBritain’smajormultinational

companiesrevealsthatevenwithagooddegreegraduatescannolongerwalkintothetopjobs.Todaytherearetwiceasmanyuniversitiesastherewerejust30yearsago,and40percentofyoungpeoplenowgoontohighereducation.Sowithnoshortage

ofgraduates,agooddegreehasbecomevitalinthesearchforajob.Competitionistough,andtoday’sstudentsarespendingmoretimethaneverpreparingforthosedreadedfinalexams,ordoinglow-paidpart-timejobstopayoffdebts.Text第12頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)3

Butthat’sjusttheproblem.Intheopinionofmanagersfrommorethan200Britishcompanies,studentsarespendingtoomuchtimestudying,orworryingaboutmakingendsmeet,insteadofjoiningclubsandacquiringbasicskillssuchasteamworkandmakingpresentations.Themanagersalsosaidthattheywerepreparedtoleavejobsunfilledratherthanappointgraduateswhodidn’thavethenecessaryskillstogetaheadintheglobalmarket.Text第13頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)4Butwhatcanbedoneabouttheproblem?The

solution,themanagersbelieve,istoincludesocialskillsindegreecourses;andsomeuniversitiesaretakingtheadvice.AttheUniversityofSouthampton,forexample,historystudentshavetodoa12-weekproject–frequently

relatedtothelocalcontext–workinginteamsofsix.Thisincludesmakingapresentation,writingagroupthesis,andcarryingoutapublicservice,whichmightinvolveteachingschoolchildrenormakingaradioprogrammeaboutthetopic.

Text第14頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)5

Therecanbenodoubtthatthissortofcooperativeapproachcanhelpmanystudentsdeveloppersonalskillswhichwillhelpimprovetheirprospectsintheirsearchforajob.Oneofthemostwell-knownpersonalitytestsusedbyemployers

wheninterviewingcandidates,theMyers-BriggsTypeIndicator(MBTI),putstheextrovert/introvert

dichotomyatthetopofthelistofpersonalitytraitsittriestoanalyze.Thereareno“rightanswers”insuchtests,butextroverts,itisassumed,aregoingtobemoresuitedtojobsinwhichtheyhavetoworkinteamsordealwithotherpeople.Text第15頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)

6

EquallyinterestingintheSouthamptonprojectistheconvictionthatstudentsshouldbeawareofthewidercommunity,andfindwaystomakecontributionstoit.Intoday'sshrinkingworld,studentsareincreasinglyawarethatauniversityisnotanivorytoweroflearning,cutofffromtherealproblemsoftheworld,butonthecontrary,canitselfbeanagentforchangeforabetterworld.Therearenumerouswaysinwhichstudentscanbevolunteers–before,during,oraftertheirdegreecourses.Withcoursesmakingheavydemandsonstudents’time,aswehaveseen,apopularoptionistotakeagapyearbeforeorafteruniversity.Text第16頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)7

Typically,volunteeringmightmeanhelpingthesickorelderly,entertaining

underprivileged

childrenonholidaycamps,teachinginaThirdWorldcountryor

perhapsworkingonagriculturalorenvironmentalprojects.8

Forstudentswhochoosetooffertheirtalentsinthisway,onesideeffectistogainawealthofexperiencetobeaddedtotheCV,whichwillnotgounnoticedbyfutureemployers.Butawordofwarningisinorder:Youshouldrememberwhatyourprioritiesare.AsShaneIrwin,whoworkedfortwoyearsinPapuaNewGuinea,putsit:“Volunteeringteachesyouvaluablecareerskills,butIdon’tthinkyoushouldbelookingtobolsteryourCVthroughvolunteering–themainreasonyoushouldgetinvolvedisbecauseyouwanttohelp.”Text■第17頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)Text你適合做這個(gè)工作嗎？1

過(guò)去，大學(xué)生活很輕松。那將是你一生中最美好的三年，你知道這一點(diǎn)的。你是這樣消磨時(shí)光的：在咖啡館和酒吧里與新結(jié)交的朋友聊到深夜，在壁球場(chǎng)和板球場(chǎng)上盡情地?fù)]舞球拍，或是作為大學(xué)戲劇社的大腕在舞臺(tái)上昂首闊步。第18頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)Text不管你有什么愛(ài)好，大學(xué)生活都能為你創(chuàng)造條件。而且，別忘了，你的學(xué)習(xí)還總能跟得上，能完成指定的閱讀，并在最后一分鐘匆忙寫完那一周的文章。你唯一沒(méi)有時(shí)間考慮的是過(guò)完這激動(dòng)人心的三年后要做什么。不過(guò)這個(gè)問(wèn)題并不需要考慮，因?yàn)闊o(wú)論選擇什么職業(yè)，都有一大堆公司排著隊(duì)來(lái)聘用你。第19頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)Text2那是過(guò)去英國(guó)大學(xué)生校園生活的情形，現(xiàn)在情況已經(jīng)改變了。最近一項(xiàng)對(duì)英國(guó)各大跨國(guó)公司的研究表明，即使擁有一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的學(xué)位，大學(xué)畢業(yè)生也不再可能輕而易舉就得到最好的工作了。今天的大學(xué)數(shù)量比30年前翻了一番，40%的年輕人接受高等教育。由于并不缺少大學(xué)畢業(yè)生，擁有一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的學(xué)位對(duì)找工作就變得尤其重要了。競(jìng)爭(zhēng)很激烈，結(jié)果是如今的大學(xué)生花了比任何時(shí)候都要多的時(shí)間來(lái)復(fù)習(xí)功課，為那些可怕的期末考試做準(zhǔn)備，做報(bào)酬低的兼職以償還債務(wù)。第20頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)Text

3然而，這恰恰是問(wèn)題之所在。英國(guó)兩百多家公司的經(jīng)理認(rèn)為，學(xué)生花在學(xué)習(xí)或掙錢維持生計(jì)上的時(shí)間太多了。他們本應(yīng)該去參加各種俱樂(lè)部，學(xué)習(xí)一些基本的技能，如團(tuán)隊(duì)合作和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演示。這些經(jīng)理還說(shuō)，他們寧可讓職位空缺，也不愿意聘請(qǐng)那些缺乏必要技能、無(wú)法在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上占領(lǐng)商機(jī)的畢業(yè)生。第21頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)Text4該怎么做才能解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題呢？經(jīng)理們相信，解決的辦法就是在學(xué)位課程里增加社交能力的訓(xùn)練。有的大學(xué)已經(jīng)開始這樣做了，例如南安普敦大學(xué)歷史系學(xué)生必須做一個(gè)為期十二周、六人一組協(xié)同工作的項(xiàng)目——通常與當(dāng)?shù)氐纳钣嘘P(guān)。項(xiàng)目?jī)?nèi)容包括：做一次演示、寫一篇集體論文、做一項(xiàng)公眾服務(wù)——可以是給中、小學(xué)生講課，或做一期有關(guān)中、小學(xué)教學(xué)的廣播節(jié)目。第22頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)Text5毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，這種合作學(xué)習(xí)法能幫助許多學(xué)生培養(yǎng)有助于改善就業(yè)前景的個(gè)人技能。公司在面試應(yīng)聘者時(shí)使用的最有名的人格測(cè)試之一是“邁爾斯－布里格斯性格分類法”（簡(jiǎn)稱MBTI），這種分類法把外向/內(nèi)向性格兩分法置于它所分析的人格特征列表之首。測(cè)試中沒(méi)有“正確答案”，但是一般認(rèn)為：性格外向者更適合做團(tuán)隊(duì)工作或與他人打交道的工作。第23頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)Text6南安普敦大學(xué)項(xiàng)目中同樣有趣的一個(gè)理念是：學(xué)生應(yīng)該關(guān)注比校園更廣闊的社區(qū)，并設(shè)法為之做出自己的貢獻(xiàn)。在當(dāng)今越來(lái)越小的世界里，學(xué)生們?cè)絹?lái)越清楚地意識(shí)到大學(xué)并不是與社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題完全脫鉤的學(xué)術(shù)象牙塔。正相反，大學(xué)本身可以促使世界變得更加美好。在學(xué)學(xué)位課程之前、期間、之后，學(xué)生們都可以通過(guò)多種渠道成為志愿者。正如我們所知的那樣，大學(xué)課程需要學(xué)生花費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間，一般人會(huì)選擇騰出上大學(xué)前或大學(xué)畢業(yè)后的一年時(shí)間作為實(shí)踐年。第24頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)Text7

通常，志愿者工作指幫助病人或老年人、在假日營(yíng)里招待貧困兒童、在第三世界國(guó)家教書，或者做農(nóng)業(yè)或環(huán)境研究項(xiàng)目。8

對(duì)那些選擇在這些方面施展才能的學(xué)生而言，還有個(gè)意外的收獲：可以把他們獲取的豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)寫進(jìn)個(gè)人履歷里，而未來(lái)的雇主是不會(huì)不注意到這些經(jīng)歷的。不過(guò)提醒一句：你應(yīng)該記住自己的首要目的是什么。曾經(jīng)在巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞工作了兩年的謝恩·歐文指出：“志愿者的工作能教給你寶貴的職業(yè)技能，但我認(rèn)為你不應(yīng)該只想著通過(guò)志愿者工作來(lái)給自己的履歷表增添光彩——你做志愿工作的主要原因是你想幫助別人?！钡?5頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)strutleadinglightcatermultinationalrevealfrequentlythesiscooperativepersonalityemployerconvictioncommunityivorytowernumerousoptionshortagedreaddreadedunfilledsolutionindicatorextrovertintrovertdichotomyequallytypicallyentertainunderprivilegedagriculturalunnoticedWords&Phrases第26頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)play/work/singect.sb.’sheartoutcaterfordashoffthereislittle/nodoubtthatcutofflineuppayoffmake(both)endsmeetgetaheadcarryoutonthecontrarymakedemandsonWords&Phrasesbolster第27頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)UniversityofSouthampton南安普敦大學(xué)Myers-BriggsTypeIndicator邁爾斯–布里格斯性格分類法ShaneIrwin謝恩·歐文（人名）PapuaNewGuinea巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞Words&Phrases第28頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)strut

vi.

(~about/around)towalkinanespeciallyconfidentandproudway趾高氣揚(yáng)地走e.g.1.Hestruttedupanddownbeforethemanager.他在經(jīng)理面前大搖大擺地走來(lái)走去。2.Thebosswasstruttingaboutinthemeetingroom.老板正在會(huì)議室里趾高氣揚(yáng)地踱來(lái)踱去。3.Hestrutsaroundtownlikeheownstheplace.他在城里大搖大擺地晃蕩，好像那是他的地盤。Words&Phrases第29頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)leadinglightn.[C]averyimportantorrespectedpersoninagroup,organization,orareaofactivity

（團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)或活動(dòng)領(lǐng)域中）很重要的人物，很受敬重的人物e.g.1.Sheistheleadinglightinthelocaldramaticsocietyandalwayshasthemainpartintheirplays.她是當(dāng)?shù)貞騽〗绲闹匾宋?，而且在演出中她始終演主角。2.Mr.Smith,oncetheleadinglightinthetoyindustry,isinserioustrouble.一度曾是玩具企業(yè)領(lǐng)軍人物的史密斯先生如今麻煩重重。3.He’saleadinglightofthebusiness.他是那個(gè)行當(dāng)?shù)闹匾宋?。Words&Phrases第30頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)cater

v.

1.toprovidefoodanddrinksatanevent（為…）提供飲食，承辦酒席e.g.Thesmallrestaurantcouldn’tcatersuchalargewedding.這個(gè)小飯館承辦不了這么大規(guī)模的婚宴。2.(~

to)toprovidepeoplewithsth.theywantorneed,especiallysth.unusualorspecial滿足；迎合，投合

e.g.Agoodfilmshouldcatertopublictaste.一部好電影應(yīng)該迎合大眾的口味。Seealso:caterfor

Words&Phrases第31頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)multinational

1.a.amultinationalcompanyorbusinesshasoffices,shopsorfactoriesinseveralcountries

（公司或商行）跨國(guó)的e.g.1.Manymultinationalcompanieshavesubstantialoperationsinthisarea.許多跨國(guó)公司都在該地區(qū)從事相當(dāng)規(guī)模的經(jīng)營(yíng)。2.Duringthisperiod,manyUS-basedmultinationalfirmsbeganmovingproductionfacilitiesoverseas.在此期間，許多設(shè)在美國(guó)的跨國(guó)公司開始把生產(chǎn)設(shè)備遷往海外。Words&Phrases第32頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)2.n.[C]alargecompanythathasoffices,shops,orfactoriesinseveralcountries跨國(guó)公司e.g.SheisnowadirectorinaforeignmultinationaloperatingintheUK.她現(xiàn)在是一家在英國(guó)經(jīng)營(yíng)的外國(guó)跨國(guó)公司的主管。3.a.involvingpeoplefrommanydifferentcountries,especiallysoldiers多國(guó)的e.g.TheUStroopswouldbepartofamultinationalforce.美軍將是多國(guó)部隊(duì)的一個(gè)組成部分。Words&Phrases第33頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)reveal

vt.

toletsth.becomeknown,forexampleasecretorinformationthatwaspreviouslynotknown揭示；揭露；透露e.g.1.Hecannotrevealhowmuchmoneyisinvolvedinthescheme.他不能透露該計(jì)劃投入了多少錢。2.Shehasrefusedtorevealthewhereaboutsofherdaughter.她不肯透露她女兒的行蹤。3.AsurveyoftheBritishdiethasrevealedthatagrowingnumberofpeopleareoverweight.對(duì)英國(guó)人飲食進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示有越來(lái)越多的人超重。Words&Phrases第34頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)shortage

n.[C,U](~of)alackofsth.youneedorwant缺乏；短缺e.g.1.Howwilltheysolvetheproblemsoflandshortageinthecountryside?他們將如何解決鄉(xiāng)村土地短缺的問(wèn)題？2.Thecompany’smainproblemistheshortageofskilledpersonnel.這家公司的主要問(wèn)題是缺少有技術(shù)的人員。3.Therecentheavyrainshavehelpedtoeasethewatershortage.最近的幾場(chǎng)大雨有助于緩解缺水的情況。

Words&Phrases第35頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)dread

1.vt.to

feelveryworriedaboutsth.thatmighthappenorisgoingtohappen擔(dān)心；害怕e.g.1.Idreadtothinkwhatwillhappenifshefindsoutthetruth.我不敢去想她知道真相后會(huì)怎么樣。2.Shedreadsgoingtothedentist.她怕去看牙醫(yī)。3.Thelittleboydreadsgoingtobedinthedark.這個(gè)小孩不敢在黑暗中睡覺(jué)。

Words&Phrases第36頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)2.n.[sing,U]fearofsth.badthatmighthappenorisgoingtohappen害怕；畏懼e.g.1.TheJewslivedindreadofbeingcaught.這些猶太人生活在會(huì)遭到拘捕的恐懼之中。2.Hergreatestdreadwasthatshewouldloseherjob.她最害怕的就是失去工作。Wordfamily:dreaded

a.Words&Phrases第37頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)dreaded

a.

frighteningorworrying嚇人的；令人擔(dān)心的e.g.1.IhearthedreadedMissJonesisgoingtobeatthemeeting.我聽說(shuō)令人生畏的瓊斯小姐也將出席那個(gè)會(huì)議。2.Asaphysicianwhotravelsquitealot,Ispendalotoftimeonplaneslisteningforthatdreaded“Isthereadoctoronboard?”announcement.(CET4-2005-12)作為一名經(jīng)常出行的內(nèi)科醫(yī)生，我多次在飛機(jī)上聽到令人憂心的“本次航班上是否有醫(yī)生？”的廣播。Wordfamily:dread

v.&n.Words&Phrases第38頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)unfilled

a.

anunfilledjob,positionetc.isavailablebutnoonehasbeenfoundforityet

（工作、職位等）仍空缺的e.g.1.Westillhaveseveralunfilledplacesonthetour.我們旅行團(tuán)還有幾個(gè)空余名額。

2.Isthepositionstillunfilled?

那個(gè)職位還空缺嗎？3.Thereareanumberofunfilledpostsinthisareaofnursing.在這種護(hù)理方面還有幾個(gè)空職。Antonym:filledWordfamily:fill

v.Words&Phrases第39頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)solution

n.[C]awaytosolveaproblemordealwithabadsituation解決方法e.g.1.Idonothaveasimplesolutiontothedrugproblem.我沒(méi)有解決毒品問(wèn)題的簡(jiǎn)單辦法。2.ThePresidentagreed,addingthathehopedforapeacefulsolution.總統(tǒng)表示贊同并補(bǔ)充說(shuō)他希望和平解決。

Words&Phrases第40頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)frequently

ad.often經(jīng)常地；頻繁地e.g.1.Hisspeechwasfrequentlyinterruptedbystormyapplause.他的演說(shuō)多次被暴風(fēng)雨般的掌聲打斷。2.Manyofthesekillersarefrequentlytalkativeandsuperficiallycharming.這些殺手中，多數(shù)都能說(shuō)會(huì)道、外表迷人。

Wordfamily:frequent

a.

frequence/frequency

n.

Words&Phrases第41頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)thesis

n.[C](pltheses)alongpieceofwritingthatisthefinalpartofanadvanceduniversitydegree

（學(xué)位）論文e.g.1.HewasawardedhisPhDforathesisonindustrialrobots.他憑一篇研究工業(yè)機(jī)器人的論文獲得博士學(xué)位。2.Theyallaccreditedhimwiththetrueauthorshipofthisthesis.他們都認(rèn)為他是這篇論文的真正作者。Words&Phrases第42頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)cooperative

a.1.(onlybeforenoun)donebypeopleororganizationsworkingtogether合作的；協(xié)作的e.g.

1.Cooperativelearningisakindofnewteachingtheoryandstrategysystem.合作學(xué)習(xí)是一種新的教學(xué)理論和決策體系。2.ThePresidentsaidthevisitwoulddevelopfriendlyandcooperativerelationsbetweenthetwocountries.總統(tǒng)說(shuō)這次訪問(wèn)將會(huì)促進(jìn)兩國(guó)之間的友好合作關(guān)系。Words&Phrases第43頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)2.cooperativepeoplearewillingtodowhatyouaskthem有合作意向的；樂(lè)意合作的e.g.1.Theworkmenareverycooperative,sotheworkgoesonsmoothly.工人們十分配合，

所以工作進(jìn)展順利。2.Jamesisaveryhelpfulandcooperativelad.詹姆斯是個(gè)肯幫忙、好合作的小伙子。Wordfamily:cooperate

erationn.Words&Phrases第44頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)personality

n.[C,U]thepartofapersonthatmakesthembehaveinaparticularwayinsocialsituations,forexampleinafriendlyorunfriendlyway,orinaconfidentorshyway個(gè)性，性格e.g.1.Youhaveamaturepersonalityandgoodheart.你有著成熟的個(gè)性和善良的心。

2.Thesepersonalitytraitsgetpassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.這些性格特征代代相傳。3.Thecontestwasasmuchaboutpersonalitiesasitwasaboutpolitics.競(jìng)賽比手段策略，也比個(gè)性。

Words&Phrases第45頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)employer

n.[C]aperson,company,ororganizationthatpayssb.toworkforthemasamemberoftheirstaff雇主；雇用者e.g.1.Isthecoursefeepaidbyyouremployer?本課程學(xué)費(fèi)是否由你的雇主支付嗎？2.Youcanrefertomyformeremployerformycharacter.你可以向我以前的雇主詢問(wèn)我的品行。

Wordfamily:employ

v.

employment

n.Antonym:employee

n.

雇員

Words&Phrases第46頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)indicator

n.[C]sth.thatshowsyouinwhatconditionsth.is指示物；指標(biāo)e.g.1.Goldpricesareoftenseenasanindicatorofinflation.黃金價(jià)格常常被看作是通貨膨脹的指標(biāo)。2.Inthisarea,thenumberofwellsisafairindicatorofthedemandforwater.在這個(gè)地區(qū)，水井的數(shù)量能較準(zhǔn)確地反映水的需求量。Wordfamily:indicate

vt.

indication

n.

indicative

a.Seealso:Myers-BriggsTypeIndicator(MBTI)Words&Phrases第47頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)extrovert

1.n.[C]sb.whoisveryconfident,lively,andlikessocialsituations性格外向的人e.g.1.Sueistheextrovertinthefamily,opinionated,talkativeandpassionateaboutpolitics.蘇在他們家性格是外向的，她固執(zhí)己見、能說(shuō)會(huì)道，而且對(duì)政治非常熱衷。2.Agoodsalesmanisusuallyanextrovert,wholikestominglewithpeople.一個(gè)好的推銷員通常很外向，喜歡和人打交道。Words&Phrases第48頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)2.a.

(orextroverted)confident,lively,andhappyinsocialsituations性格外向的e.g.1.TomisveryextrovertandconfidentwhileKaty’sshyandquiet.湯姆性格外向，充滿自信；而凱蒂卻害羞又文靜。2.VenusinAriesindicatesanimpulsive,passionate,extrovertandboldromanticnature.金星在白羊座象征著沖動(dòng)、熱情、外向和大膽浪漫的天性。Words&Phrases第49頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)introvert

1.n.[C]sb.whotendstoconcentrateontheirownthoughtsandfeelingsratherthancommunicatingwithotherpeople性格內(nèi)向的人；不愛(ài)交際的人e.g.1.IsympathizewiththeintrovertasIwouldwiththesickly,butbotharemissingalotoflife.我會(huì)像體諒孱弱之人那樣，體諒內(nèi)向之人，兩者都缺失了許多人生體驗(yàn)。2.Howdoyouthinktheintrovertandtheextrovertwillbehaveinsuchanenvironment?在那種環(huán)境下，你認(rèn)為內(nèi)向的人和外向的人會(huì)如何表現(xiàn)呢？

Words&Phrases第50頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)2.a.(orintroverted)alittleshyandtendingtoconcentrateonyourownthoughtsandfeelings性格內(nèi)向的；不愛(ài)交際的e.g.1.Introvertedpeoplearelesslikelytorespondtohappyfaces.內(nèi)向的人對(duì)開心的表情比較不容易產(chǎn)生反應(yīng)。2.Althoughheseemsheartyandoutgoinginpublic,heisawithdrawnandintrovertedman.雖然在公眾場(chǎng)合他看起來(lái)熱情開朗，但其實(shí)他是一個(gè)孤僻內(nèi)向的人。Words&Phrases第51頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)dichotomy

n.[C](fml)adifferencebetweentwooppositethingsorideas一分為二；二分法e.g.

1.Theysetupafalsedichotomybetweenworkandraisingafamily.他們錯(cuò)誤地把工作與養(yǎng)家對(duì)立起來(lái)。2.Thereisadichotomybetweentheacademicworldandtheindustrialworld.學(xué)術(shù)界與工業(yè)界有著天壤之別。3.Suchadichotomycannotsimplybeattributedtocoincidence.這樣一種分歧不能簡(jiǎn)單歸之于巧合。

Words&Phrases第52頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)equally

ad.1.tothesamedegree

（程度）相當(dāng)?shù)豦.g.

1.Eachteammemberisequallyimportanttome.每一位團(tuán)隊(duì)成員對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)都是同樣重要的。2.Sheisequallyathomeonthesinglesordoublescourt.她單打和雙打都得心應(yīng)手。2.inawaythatisfairandthesameforeveryone平等地；公平地e.g.Theycametoanaccordthatprofitsshouldbesharedequally.

他們達(dá)成協(xié)議，收益由大家均分。

Words&Phrases第53頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)conviction

n.1.[C]astrongbelieforopinionaboutsth.堅(jiān)定的信仰；信念e.g.1.Noamountofreasoningcouldshakehimoutofhisconviction.再怎樣跟他講道理都不能讓他放棄自己認(rèn)準(zhǔn)的事。2.Theirreligiousconvictionspreventedthemfromtakinguparms.他們的宗教信仰使他們不會(huì)訴諸于武器。

Words&Phrases第54頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)2.[U]thefeelingorappearanceofbeingconfidentorverycertainaboutsth.深信；確信e.g.1.Hisargumenthasbroughtconvictiontomanywaverers.他的論點(diǎn)使許多猶豫不決的人信服。2.“Weshall,sir,”saidJack,withconviction.“我們會(huì)的，先生，”杰克堅(jiān)定地說(shuō)。3.[C]

adecisionbyacourtoflawthatsomeoneisguiltyofacrime定罪；判罪e.g.Themanwasknowntothepolicebecauseofpreviousconvictions.因?yàn)橛蟹缸锴翱疲靷兌颊J(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)人。Words&Phrases第55頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)community

n.[C]thepeoplewholiveinanarea社區(qū)e.g.1.He’swelllikedbypeopleinthecommunity.社區(qū)的人都非常喜歡他。2.Thegrowthofcrimeratehasworriedcommunityleaders,policeandpoliticians.犯罪率的上升讓社區(qū)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、警察和政界人士十分擔(dān)心。3.Hewasateacherandarespectablememberofthecommunity.他是一位教師，并且在社區(qū)頗受尊敬。

Words&Phrases第56頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)ivorytower

n.[C]aplaceorsituationwhereyouareseparatedfromthedifficultiesofordinarylifeandsoareunabletounderstandthem,usedespeciallytodescribeacollegeoruniversity象牙塔（脫離現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的小天地，尤用于描述大學(xué)）e.g.

1.LivinginyourivorytoweratOxford,youcan’timaginewhatit’sliketogohungry.你生活在牛津的象牙塔之中，想像不到挨餓是什么滋味。2.Universitystudentsintheirivorytowersdon’tseemtoworryaboutit.生活在象牙塔里的大學(xué)生似乎對(duì)此漠不關(guān)心。

Words&Phrases第57頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)numerous

a.

existinginlargenumbers許多的；大量的e.g.1.Thedoctorsgavenumerousexamplesofpatientsdyingofthisdisease.醫(yī)生們列舉了大量死于這種疾病的病例。2.Despitenumerousattemptstodiet,herweightsoared.盡管多次嘗試節(jié)食，她的體重仍然在飆升。3.Hehasbeenlateonnumerousoccasions.他已經(jīng)遲到過(guò)無(wú)數(shù)次了。

Words&Phrases第58頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)option

n.[C]sth.thatyoucanchooseinaparticularsituation選擇；供選擇的東西e.g.1.Youhavetheoptionofwalkingthereorgoingbybus.你可以選擇走過(guò)去或是坐公交過(guò)去。2.Americaanditsalliesareputtingtoomuchemphasisonthemilitaryoption.美國(guó)及其盟國(guó)過(guò)于強(qiáng)調(diào)軍事手段。havenooptionbuttodosth.e.g.Ihadnooptionbuttoleavewithoutthem.我別無(wú)選擇，只好留下他們獨(dú)自離開。

Words&Phrases第59頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)typically

ad.1.usually通常；一般e.g.

1.Ittypicallytakesthreetofiveyearstoturnaprofit.通常需要三到五年才會(huì)盈利。2.Identitytheftandidentityfraudaretermsusedtorefertoalltypesofcrimeinwhichsomeonewrongfullyobtainsandusesanotherperson’spersonaldatainsomewaythatinvolvesfraudordeception,typicallyforeconomicgain.(CET4-2007-06)身份盜竊和身份詐騙是專門的犯罪術(shù)語(yǔ)，用來(lái)指某人用詐騙或欺騙的方法不正當(dāng)?shù)厥褂盟说膫€(gè)人信息，通常的目的是為了獲取經(jīng)濟(jì)所得。

Words&Phrases第60頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)2.withthetypicalqualitiesorfeaturesofaparticulargroupofpeople典型地；有代表性地e.g.1.Thediseasetypicallymanifestsitselfinahighfeverandchestpains.這種疾病的典型癥狀是發(fā)高燒和胸痛。2.SarahhastypicallyBritishfairskin.莎拉有著典型英國(guó)人的白皙皮膚。

Words&Phrases第61頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)entertain

vt.to

giveaperformancethatpeopleenjoy

（通過(guò)表演）使快樂(lè)，給…娛樂(lè)e.g.1.Wehiredamagiciantoentertainthechildrenattheparty.我們雇了一個(gè)魔術(shù)師在派對(duì)上逗孩子們開心。2.Wewereallentertainedbyhishumorousstories.他的幽默故事使我們大家都很開心。Wordfamily:entertainment

n.

Words&Phrases第62頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)underprivileged

a.nothavingasmanyadvantagesoropportunitiesasmostotherpeople享有的權(quán)利（或機(jī)會(huì)）比大多數(shù)人少的；弱勢(shì)的e.g.1.Theyarechildrenfromunderprivilegedhomes.他們是出身于貧苦人家的孩子。2.Theunderprivilegedneedspecialsupportfromthegovernment.那些弱勢(shì)群體需要政府的特別支持。Antonym:

privilegeda.Wordfamily:privilege

n.Words&Phrases第63頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)agricultural

a.

relatingtofarming農(nóng)業(yè)的；與農(nóng)業(yè)相關(guān)的e.g.1.Franceistheworld’ssecond-biggestexporterofagriculturalproducts.法國(guó)是世界第二大農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口國(guó)。2.Chemicalproductswereusedliberallyoveragriculturalland.化學(xué)產(chǎn)品曾被大量地用于農(nóng)田。agriculturalresearch農(nóng)業(yè)研究agriculturalresource農(nóng)業(yè)資源agriculturalproducts農(nóng)產(chǎn)品Wordfamily:agriculture

n.農(nóng)業(yè)agriculturalist

n.農(nóng)學(xué)家

Words&Phrases第64頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)unnoticed

a.&ad.notseenornoticedbyanyone未被看見（的）；不被注意到（的）；不被覺(jué)察到（的）e.g.1.Elsastoodunnoticedattheedgeofthecrowd.沒(méi)人注意到埃爾莎悄悄地站在了人群邊上。2.Hisremarkwentunnoticedbyeveryoneexceptme.除了我之外，別人都沒(méi)留意到他說(shuō)的話。3.Herbirthdayhadjustpassed,unnoticedbyallbutherself.她的生日就這樣過(guò)去了，除了她自己，無(wú)人知曉。

Words&Phrases第65頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)bolster

vt.

tomakesth.strongerormoreeffective增強(qiáng)；加強(qiáng)；提高e.g.1.

Ididmybesttobolsterupmyconfidence.我盡一切力量增強(qiáng)我的信心。2.Bothsidesofferedstatisticstobolstertheirarguments.雙方都拿出統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字來(lái)支持他們的論點(diǎn)。

3.Thehighinterestrateshelpedtobolsteruptheeconomy.高利率使經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)健。Words&Phrases第66頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)play/work/singetc.sb.’sheartout:

toputalotofeffortintoplaying,working,singingetc.盡情地玩耍/工作/唱歌等e.g.1.Iwillplaymyheartoutforthisteam.我將為球隊(duì)付出全部心力。2.Iamgratefultoourteacherswhoworkheartouttoteachandcultivateme.我感激嘔心瀝血教育我、培養(yǎng)我的老師。3.FortwohoursIstoodnexttoanoldmanattheconcertwhilehesincerelysanghisheartout.演唱會(huì)上，我在一個(gè)忘情地唱著的老頭旁邊站了整整兩個(gè)小時(shí)。

Words&Phrases第67頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)caterfor:(BrE)toprovidepeoplewitheverythingtheywantorneed為…提供服務(wù)；滿足…的需要e.g.1.Iexpecthewillbeabletocaterforyourparticularneeds.我預(yù)計(jì)他能滿足你的特殊需要。2.TVmustcaterformanydifferenttastes.電視節(jié)目必須迎合不同人的品味。3.Wecontinuedtocaterforimportantstateguestsuntilwereopenedin1989.我們繼續(xù)為重要的國(guó)賓提供服務(wù)，直到1989年我們重新開張。

Words&Phrases第68頁(yè)/共121頁(yè)dashoff:

towriteordrawsth.quicklybecauseyouareinahurry

（因著急而）迅速