現(xiàn)在完成時講解（含講解及習(xí)題）

現(xiàn)在完成時講解（含講解及習(xí)題）現(xiàn)在完成時講解一、構(gòu)成:肯定式：主語+助動詞have/has+動詞的過去分詞.疑問式：助動詞Have/Has+主語+動詞的過去分詞？否定式：主語+助動詞have/has+not+動詞的過去分詞.過去分詞規(guī)則變化：a）一般情況下，直接力口ed,（work__worked,water__watered,finish__finished等;）b）以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞，把y變成i再加ed,（carry__-carriedstudy__studied等;）c）以輔+元+輔結(jié)尾且中讀的動詞，要雙寫最后一個輔音字母，再加ed。（stop__stopped，shop__shopped）d）以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞，只加d（過去分詞不規(guī)則變化表：二、用法：用法一：表示過去（已經(jīng)、曾經(jīng)或從未）發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。標(biāo)志詞：①already,②never,③ever,④just,⑤yet,⑥before,⑦once/twice/數(shù)字+times例：Ihavecleanedmyroom.我已打掃了房間（房間現(xiàn)在是干凈的，不需要打掃了）Theyhaveleft.__他們已經(jīng)離開了,也就是說現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里Ihaveneverhadacar（我從未有過汽車。）Ihavebeentheretwice.a）already往往用于肯定句，用在疑問句時表示強調(diào)或加強語氣；yet用于否定句和疑問句。Hehasalreadylefthere.他已經(jīng)離開這里了。Hashealreadylefthere?他（真的）已經(jīng)離開這里了嗎？（表示加強語氣）Myteachershaven’thadbreakfastyet.我的老師們還沒有吃早飯。Haveyouwrittentoyourparentsyet?你已經(jīng)給你父母寫過信了嗎？b）never是否定詞，表示“從來沒有"，而ever表示“曾經(jīng)”-WehaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我們從來沒有去過長城。HaveyoueverbeentoCanada?你們曾經(jīng)去過加拿大嗎？c）just用于句中，表示“剛剛"-I'vejusthadbreakfast,我剛吃完早飯。-Whathavetheyjustdone?他們剛剛做了什么？d）before用于句末，表示“以前"-I'veseenitbefore.我以前見過它。練習(xí)：用never,ever,already,before,just或yet填空。1.Ihave seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.2.Jackhas finishedhishomework.3.__Haveyou seenthefilm?__No,Ihave seenit.4.__Hasthebusleft ?__Yes,ithas left.5.Wouldyouliketogotothezoowithme?Yes,butIhavebeenthere .★hasgoneto,hasbeento,hasbeenin的區(qū)別：have/hasgoneto去了某地（還在某地沒回來）__Whereisyourfather?你爸爸在哪里？__HehasgonetoShanghai.他去上海了。have/hasbeento曾經(jīng)去過（已回,已不在去過的地方）+次數(shù)（once/twice/數(shù)字+times）MyfatherhasbeentoShanghai3times.我爸爸去過上海3次。畫線提問： hasyourfatherbeentoShanghai?have/hasbeenin待了多久（去了,現(xiàn)在仍在所待的地方）+for+時間段/+since+時間點MyfatherhasbeeninShanghaifortwomonths/sincetwomonthsago.我爸已經(jīng)在上海待了兩個月了。畫線提問： hasyourfatherbeeninShanghai?▲注意：注意遇到四個地點副詞要去掉to/in,這四個地點副詞是：here,there,home,abroad練習(xí)：用havegoneto/havebeento/havebeenin/wentto填空。1. youever Disneyland?2.Howmanytimes you Disneyland?3.I Nanjingsincetwoyearsago4.Mr.Li HongKong.Andhe＇llebackintwodays.5.—Howlong you Disneyland?—Forthreedays.I thethemeparklastSunday.6.Myfather HongKongtwoweeksago.7.Myfather HongKongin2005.8.Myfather HongKongsince2005.9.Myfather HongKongtwice.10.Myfather HongKongandhehasn＇tebackyet.11.—Where＇sLucy?—Shehas toarestaurantforlunch.12.Haveyou tothisparkbefore.13.Ihave thereonlyoncethisyear.14.Shehas totheshoptobuyanotebook.15.You＇relate,LaoWanghas toGuangzhou.用法二：表示過去已經(jīng)開始,并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。標(biāo)志詞：⑦uptonow,⑧sofar,⑨for+時間段⑩since+時間點IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語。Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已經(jīng)游泳了半個小時a）for+一段時間Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.我在這里5周了。He’sstudiedEnglishfor3years.他學(xué)習(xí)英語3年了。b）since+（表示過去某一時間的）時間點/單詞/詞組/從句（一般過去時）Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.我自從2000年開始在這里。Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.我自從5年前就在這里。IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.我自從2000年畢業(yè)就在這里。注：1）對for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語提問必須用howlong,決不能用when.Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years,畫線提問： haveyoulivedhere?注2）:短暫性動詞不能和for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用，當(dāng)然也不能用于howlong弓1導(dǎo)的問句中Eg.（誤）Ihavelefttherefor5years.（正）Ihavebeenawaytherefor5years.★為了表述這種意思,我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞來代替短暫性動詞。e—be,begin—have,borrow—keep,buy—have,goout—beoute（go,arrive,get）—beindie—bedead,finish—beover,join—bein。（beamemberof。）leave—beaway（from。）,open—beopenclose—beclosed練習(xí)：選用for和since填空：1.Wehaven'tseeneachotheralongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty 10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon 20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears wemetlasttime.三、與一般過去時的用法比較1現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都是說過去的事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時注意的不是事情本身，而是強調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，影響,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等），不與表示過去的時間連用;而一般過去時，則只講述發(fā)生在過去的動作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系，常與表示過去的時間連用。eg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾買過一本英漢字典。第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時時態(tài)，想表達意為：“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”“過去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典”。第二句用過去時只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強調(diào)說明。2．常與一般過去時連用的典型的表示過去時間的狀語:yesterday（昨天）,thedaybeforeyesterday（前天）,justnow（剛才），時間+ago,last+時間等;eg:Theplanetookofftenminutesago.Wefinishedourtasklastweek.現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí)題一．單項選擇1.Ihavebeenlivinghere 1999.A.forB.afterC.inD.since2. haveyoubeenplayingtheguitar?For5years.A.HowsoonB.HowlongC.HowfarD.Howoften3. mayIkeepthesebooks?Fortwoweeks.A.HowoftenB.HowfarC.HowlongD.Howsoon4. haveyoubeenhere?I’vebeenhereformonths.A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.HowmuchD.Howmany5.Theboy TVallmorning.A.haswatchedB.hadwatchedC.hasbeenwatchingD.watched6.Howlong you stamps?Sincetwoyearsago.A.have,collectedB.did,collectC.have,beencollectingD.are,collecting7.Theyarestillworkinginthefields.They fortwohours.A.wasworkingB.hasbeenworkingC.workedD.areworking8.Helookstired.Oh,he forthreehours.A.havebeenskatingB.havebeenskatedC.hasbeenskatingD.hasbeenskated9.He itfortwohours,andheisstillwatchingnow.A.hasbeenB.watchingC.hasbeenwatchingD.iswatching10.Thefamouswriter onenewbookinthepasttwoyears.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten11.HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I ittwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see12.Hisfather thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin13.Howlonghaveyou here？—Abouttwomonths.A.beenB.goneC.eD.arrived14.Hurryup！Theplay fortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began15It tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.A.isB.hasC.willD.was16.Myparents Shandongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen17. hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehe toChina？A.Howsoon，esB.Howoften，gotC.Howlong，cameD.Howfar，arrived18.Hisuncle formorethan9years.A.hasehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity19.Sarahhasbeensleeping 2:00pm.A.forB.atC.inD.since20.Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom， ？A.sotheyB.don‘ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey二．句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1.Ihavebeenwatchingthefootballmatchforhalfanhour.（劃線提問） youbeenwatchingthefootballmatch?2.HehasbeenstudyingJapanesefortwoyears.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）HehasbeenstudyingJapanese twoyears .3.Westartedthepartytwohoursago.（戈U線提