高中英語語法被動語態(tài)

高中英語語法被動語態(tài)高中英語語法被動語態(tài)高中英語語法被動語態(tài)高中英語語法-被動語態(tài)一．定義語態(tài)(voice)表示主語與謂語動詞之間的關系。當主語是動作的動詞用（ActiveVoice）；若是主語是動作的，動詞便用（PassiveVoice）。被動語態(tài)由be＋及物動詞的過去分詞組成。二.考點：察看時態(tài)和語態(tài)的掌握、與主謂一致連考題型：①②例1.Theproblemsolvedandtheforeignergotintothetaxi.(短文改錯)2.Nowcollegegraduates(encourage)tostarttheirownbusinesswhichsoundsreallygoodforthem.(語法填空)3.Trulyelegantchopsticsmight(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.(語法填空)三.做題步驟①判斷語態(tài)②判斷時態(tài)③套用詳細時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式④注意主謂一致四.各樣時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式一般現在時：Subject+be(am/is/are)+done(過去分詞)2）一般過去時:3）一般將來時:Subject+shall/will/begoingtobedone(過去分詞)4）過去將來時:5）現在進行時:Subject+be(am/is/are)beingdone(過去分詞)6）過去進行時:7）現在達成時:Subject+has/havebeendone8）過去達成時:9）帶有神情動詞時:Subject+神情動詞＋be＋done(過去分詞)五.掌握基礎，學致使用(用所給動詞適合形式填空)1.Visitors(request)nottotakephotoshere.2.Theclassroommust(clean)everyday.3.I(give)tenminutestodecidewhetherIstudiedabroadornot.4.you(invited)toapartyheldinthesckoolhalltomorrow.5.Anewcinema(build)herenow．6.Themanagerenteredtheofficeandwashappytolearnthatfour-fifthsofthetickets__.(book)7.Ameeting(hold)whenIwasthere.8.----Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?----Notyet,therooms_____.(paint)9.Theletter(receive)already.10.Hesaidasatisfyingplan(put)forwardnextweek.六.被動語態(tài)與系表構造的差異其實不是所有的“be+過去分詞”都為被動語態(tài)；有些為系表構造。be后邊的過去分詞是表語，相當于形容詞，表示主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)，其劃分方法以下：①若是重申動作或句中有介詞by引導出動作的履行者，該句一般為被動語態(tài)，否則為系表構造。例Thestreetiscrowed.（系表構造）1Sheisveryexcited.（系表構造）Theglassisbroken．（系表構造）Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy．（被動語態(tài)）②若是句中有地址、頻次或時間狀語時，一般為被動語態(tài)。例Thecupisbroken.（系表構造）Thecupwasbrokenthismorning.（被動語態(tài)）Thedoorislocked．（系表構造）Thedoorhasalready/justbeenlocked．（被動語態(tài)）③被動語態(tài)除用于一般時態(tài)和達成時態(tài)外，還能夠用于其他各樣時態(tài)，而系表構造中的系動詞be只有一般時態(tài)和達成時態(tài)。例Themachineisbeingrepaired．.主動形式表被動意義的情況⑴練習：判斷以下句子可否正確Thiskindofclothiswashedwell.Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinourhometownrecentyears.Thehouseisbelongedtomyuncle.Mydreamhasbeencometrue.Thiskindofbookissoldwell.Themanwasprovedtobeathiefatlast.Thisproblemisdifficulttobeworkedout.Thewarwasbrokenoutin1991.Whatwillbehappenedinonethousandyears.Theclassisbegunat7o’clock.⑵熟記主動形式表被動意義的情況1.英語中有好多動詞如break，cook，begin，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash,cut,wear,等，當它們被用作不及物動詞來描繪主語特點時，常用其主動形式表達被動意義,主語平常是物。例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.Thefoodcookswell.2.表示“發(fā)生、進行”的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout,belongto等以主動形式表示被動意義。例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?這些報紙是怎樣引出來的呢？Allmymoneyranout.所有的錢都用完了。3.系動詞沒有被動形式,但有些表示感覺、感官的連系動詞feel,sound,taste,look,feel,等在主系表構造中常以主動形式表示被動意義。例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.Thedishestastegreat.4、非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義。①在need，want，require,bear等詞的后邊，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當于動詞不定式的被動形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．這房屋需要維修。②形容詞worth后邊跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能夠跟動詞不定式；而worthy后邊跟動詞不定式的被動形式。例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．2nice，easy，Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．③動詞不定式在名詞后邊作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關系時，又和句中另一名詞或代詞組成主謂關系,不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。例Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．(todo與things是動賓關系，與I是主謂關系。)試比較：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?(此處用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表示you不是post動作的履行者。)④在某些“形容詞＋不定式”做表語或賓語補足語的構造中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這常常用不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。這些形容詞有fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.Theairhereispleasanttobreathe.注意：①在使役動詞have,make,get以及感官動詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后邊不定式作賓語補語時，在主動構造中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍訕嬙鞎r，要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.②有些相當于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如“動詞＋介詞”，“動詞＋副詞”等，也能夠用于被動構造，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能夠分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能夠省略。例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.Theoldmanwastakengoodcareofbyus.綜合練習一、選擇題()1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build()2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened()3.Cotton（棉花）____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow()4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited()5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives()6.Howmanytrees____thisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted()7.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone()8.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?--Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used()9.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown3()10.Who_____thisbook_____?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written()11.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus()12.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump()13.Theschoolbag___behindthechair.A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput()14.Olderpeople____well.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter()15.Ourteacher______carefully.A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened二、用括號內所給動詞的正確形式填空。1.It'ssaid(聽聞)thatthelongbridge______________（build）intwomonths．2.Wheretohavethemeeting______________（discuss）now．3.Whichlanguage_______themostwidely_________（speak）intheworld？4.Thelostboy_____________（notfind）sofar．5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________（cut）down．6.Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.7.Theoldmanisill.He(mustsend)tothehospital.8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.9.What_______knives______(make)of?They_______________(make)ofmetal(金屬)andwood.Canthemagazine________(take)outofthelibrary?Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.Thestarscan’t_____________(see)inthedaytime.Someflowers_______________(water)byLiMingalready.Thiskindofshoes__________(sell)well.15.Howlong_____yourun