Environmental Biotechnology智慧樹知到答案章節(jié)測(cè)試2023年哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)

緒論單元測(cè)試Whichofthefollowingsayingarecorrect（

）.

A:Quantificationanalysismakesprocessesreliableandcost-effective.

B:

Empiricismisveryimportantinenvironmentalbiotechnologybesidestheprinciplesofmicrobiologyandengineering.

C:Microbiologicaltreatmenttechnologiesdevelopedatthebeginningofthe20thcentury,suchasactivatedsludgeandanaerobicdigestion,remainmainstaystoday.

D:Molecularbiologyisthesubstitutefortraditionalmethodsinexploringmicrobialcommunities.

答案:ABC第一章測(cè)試Thebasicreactionsinvolvedinbacterialgrowth,including（）.

A:energy-producingreactions

B:fermentationreactions

C:cellsynthesisreactions

D:energy-consumingreactions

答案:ACInmicrobialmetabolism,NO3-andSO42-canbeusedaselectronacceptorsin（）.

A:theabsenceofATP

B:theabsenceofenzymes

C:theabsenceofoxygen

D:inthepresenceofcytochromes

答案:Cfs0+fe0=（

）.

A:1.1

B:0.9

C:2

D:1

答案:DTheamountofdonorusedforenergyproductionforcellssynthesisrelatedtobothenergyrequiredforcellsynthesisandenergyreleasedfromdonoroxidation.()

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:BThenetyieldYnwillsometimesequalstotrueyieldY.()

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:B第二章測(cè)試Whichofthefollowingistherightdefinitionof‘safetyfactor’inengineering?（）

A:S0/Smin

B:θx/[θxmin]lim

C:

θx/θxmin

D:θxmin/θx

答案:CThedecayofactivebiomassisafirst-orderfunction,includingthefractionfortruerespirationandforinert.()

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:BSolidsretentiontimeorsludgeageisthereciprocalofthenetspecificgrowthrate.()

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:BUAPisbiodegradedconsiderablyfasterthanisBAP.()

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:AThetrueyieldcannotbeestimatedfromexperiments.()

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:B第三章測(cè)試Theidealizedbiofilmhavingthefollowingpropertiesexcept().

A:HasalocallyuniformthicknessofLf.

B:Mass-transportresistanceisnotimportanttothebiofilm.

C:AneffectivediffusionlayerofthicknessLrepresentsexternalmass-transportresistance.

D:Thebiofilmhasauniformbiomassdensity.

答案:BThefollowingdescriptionofthefundamental“l(fā)aw”ofthesteady-statebiofilmiscorrect.()

A:Thegrowthofnewbiomassperunitareaperhour(YJ

T)isjustbalancedbythelosses.

B:Thegrowthofnewbiomass(YJ

)isjustbalancedbythelossesperunitareab’XfLf.

C:Thegrowthofnewbiomassperunitarea(YJ

)isjustbalancedbythelossesperunitarea

b’XfLf.

D:Thegrowthofnewbiomassperunitareaperhour(YJ

T)isjustbalancedbythelossesperunitareab’XfLf.

答案:CThemodelofasteady-statebiofilmrequiressimultaneoussolutionof().

A:boundaryandcontinuityconditions.

B:mass-balanceforsubstratetransporttothebiofilm.

C:mass-balanceforactivebiomassinthebiofilm

D:mass-balanceforsubstrateinthebiofilm.

答案:ABCDThefollowingfiguresshowsthat().

A:Jand

XfLf

increasesverysharplyasSincreasesslightlyaboveSmin.

B:ForSlargeenough,J(andXfLf)increasesforlargerS,becausethesubstrateconcentrationsinsidethebiofilmriseinresponsetoahigherS.

C:ForverylargeS,theslopeofJversusSdeclinesgraduallyandeventuallyapproachesthelimitingcaseofone-half-orderkinetics,orJ=k1/2S1/2

.

D:AtsomevalueofS>Smin,theslopeofJversusSdeclinesfromnearinfinityandapproaches1.0.

答案:ABCDTheresultofmass-transportresistanceisthatthesubstrateconcentrationsatanypositioninthebiofilmusuallyarelowerthaninthebulkliquid.()

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:ATwobiofilmshavingthesamephysicalthickness,shouldhavesimilarvalues.()

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:BThefundamentalunderstandingofasteady-statebiofilmisthatthebiomassperunitsurfacearea(XfLf)isconstantintime,andthebiomassatanyonelocationisatsteadystate.

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:ASmin

represents

thegrowthpotentialinthesteady-state-biofilmmodel,andSmin

muchlessthan1.0indicatesthenetpositivegrowthismuchgreaterthantheloss.(

)

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:BK*comparesexternalmasstransporttothemaximumutilizationrate.K*lessthan1meansthatthesubstrateutilizationiscontrolledbyexternalmasstransport.()

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:BFordeepbiofilm,ithasthemaximumfluxintothebiofilm.()

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:A第四章測(cè)試Whichofthefollowingshouldbebalancedinamodel?()

A:charges

B:componentsinmole/L

C:COD

D:elements

答案:ACDAnabolismisrelatedtotherateofsubstrateuptakebyayield.()

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:ANitriteisincludedinASM1.()

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:AHydrolysisisusuallysimulatedviafirstorderkinetic.()

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:BBothanoxicandaerobicgrowthofheterotrophsareconsideredinASM1.()

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:B第五章測(cè)試Secondaryconsumersintheactivatedsludgesysteminclude:().

A:predators

B:heterotrophicbacteria

C:chemolithotrophicbacteria

D:prokaryotes

答案:ACDWhichoneofthefollowingisthemostpopularreactorconfigurationsbeingusedinwastewatertreatmentthesedays().

A:Stepaeration

B:ModifiedAeration

C:ConventionalAeration

D:Completelymixed

答案:DTheconventionalactivatedsludgesystemcouldremoveBOD5andsuspendedsolids(SS)by()percentormoreformunicipalsewagetreatment.

A:75

B:90

C:85

D:80

答案:CForaconventionaldesignfortheactivatedsludgetreatmentofdomesticsewage,theF/Mratiosuggestedis0.25to0.5kgBOD5perdayperkgMLSS.（）

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:BInmostsituations,theelectrondonor,ortheBOD,isratelimitingformicroorganismreproductionandgrowth.（）

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:A第六章測(cè)試Whatisthepurposeoftheeffluentrecyclelineintwo-phasesystemoffluidized-bed?()

A:controltheBODloadingininfluent

B:supportoxygenbyoxygenatorsystem

C:increasethebedturbulence

D:controltheupwardflowvelocity

答案:BDInbiologicalcontactors(RBC),thepercentsubmergenceistoohighandmightleadto().

A:odor

B:lowerCODineffluent

C:oxygendeficit

D:highersuspendsludge

答案:ACDThemicrobialpopulationinbiofilmandactivatedsludgearedifferentinspeciesowingtothedifferencesinthemicroorganismaccumulatedformation,althoughtherearesameelectrondonorsandacceptors.()

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:BThechangingofinfluent(Q)isusuallycontrolledtochangthesurfaceloadingoftricklingfiltersandbiologicaltower.()

A:對(duì)

B:錯(cuò)

答案:BThemediumwillnotmoveextensivelywhenitisuniforminfluidized-bedreactor.()

A:錯(cuò)

B:對(duì)

答案:A第七章測(cè)試Advantagesofanaerobictreatmentinclude().

A:Highremovalefficiencywithdilutewastes.

B:Produceusefulendproducts.

C:Lowproductionofwastebiologicalsolids.

D:Highorganicloadingispossible.

答案:BCDThesuccessfulstart-upandoperationofananaerobicsystemrequires:().

A:Bringthesystemtotemperature.

B:AddbufferingmaterialintheformofchemicaltoprotectagainstpHdrop.

C:Fillthedigesterwithseedandwater.

D:Beginwithasmuchgoodanaerobicseedaspossible.

答案:ABCDPossiblemethodstocontroltoxicityinanaerobictreatments:().

A:MaintainingalowerpHcanreduceammoniatoxicity.

B:Thetoxicityofsomeheavymetalscanberemovedbyadditionofsulfide.

C:Thetoxicityofsulfidecanbereducedbygasstrippingfromthereactor.

D:Thetoxicityoflong-chainfattyacidscanbereducedbycalcium.

答案:ABCDWhichofthefollowingstatementsisfalseaboutthecharacteristicsofbaffledreactor:().

A:Designloadingtypicallyisintherangeof4to15kgCOD/m3-d.

B:Arecyclelinecanbeaddedtoremovebiosolidsfromthelastchamberandreturnthemtothefirst.

C:OvercomethebiosolidslossfromtheUASBsystem.

D:Wastewatermovesupwardanddownward.

答案:AEstimatingthemethaneproductionofanaerobictreatmentprocessforwastewatercontaining1.0Mglucose:().

A:3.36mol.

B:2.4mol.

C:2.64mol.

D:0.24mol.

答案:BTheprocessofanaerobictreatmentcanbebrokenintowhichofthefollowingsteps:().

A:Hydrolysisandfermentationofcomplexorganicmatterintosimpleorganicacidandhydrogen.

B:Thesimplecarbohydratesandacidsareutilizedtoobtainenergyforgrowthbyfermentingbacteria.

C:Theorganicacidsarethenpartiallyusedbyarchaelmethanogenstoconvertthemintomethane.

D:Theconversionoftheorganicacidsandhydrogenintomethane.

答案:ADAnabsoluteminimumvalueofθxtoallowstablemethanogenesisforaCSTRis:().

A:10day.

B:15day.

C:20day.

D:5day.

答案:AThecontentsofthedigestercanbeheatedthrough:().

A:Injectedsteamthroughlancesordiffusers.

B:Heatexchangerslocatedinsidethedigester.

C:Directheatingthereactor.

D:Pumpingbackwarmedsludgethroughexternalheatexchangers

答案:ABDTheprimarydesigncriterionofCSTRcontains:().

A:Thenetsludgeproduction.

B:Detentiontime.

C:Thevolatile-solidsloadingrate.

D:Themethane-gasyield.

答案:BCTheroutinemeasurementofvolati