歷年六級翻譯真題

。Directions: Forthis part, youareallowed 30minutes totranslate apassagefromChinese toEnglish. Youshould write youransweronAnswerSheet2.翻譯真題：(2017.6.2)明朝統(tǒng)治中國 276年，被人們描繪成人類歷史上治理有序、社會穩(wěn)定的最偉大的時代之一。這一時期，手工業(yè)的發(fā)展促進(jìn)了市場經(jīng)濟(jì)和城市化。大量商品，包括酒和絲綢，都在市場銷售。同時，還進(jìn)口許多外國商品，如時鐘和煙草。北京、南京、揚州、蘇州這樣的大商業(yè)中心相繼形成。也是在明代，由鄭和率領(lǐng)的船隊曾到印度洋進(jìn)行了七次大規(guī)模探險航行。還值得一提的是，中國文學(xué)的四大經(jīng)典名著中有三部寫于明朝。TheMingdynastyruledChinafor276years,whichisdepictedasoneofthefeudaldynastiesthataregovernedorderlyandstabilizedinthehistory.Inthisperiod,thedevelopmentofhandicraftpromotedthemarketeconomyandurbanization.Anoceanofcommodities,includingwineandsilk,weresoldonthemarket.Meanwhile,numerousexoticproductswereimported,suchasclocksandtobacco.CommercialcenterslikeBeijing,Nanjing,Yangzhou,Suzhouformedinsuccession.ItwasalsoinMingdynastythatthefleetofshipsledbyZhengHeexpeditedforseventimestotheIndianOceanonalargescale.What’smore,threeofthefourclassicalnovelsarewrittenintheMingdynasty.(2017.6.1)宋朝始于 960年，一直延續(xù)到 1279年。這一時期，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)大幅增長，成為世界上最先進(jìn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)體，科學(xué)、技術(shù)、哲學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)蓬勃發(fā)展， 宋代中國是世界歷史上首先發(fā)行紙幣的國家。宋朝還最早使用火藥并發(fā)明了活字 (movable-lype) 印刷。人口增長迅速，越來越多的人住進(jìn)城市，那里有熱門的娛樂場所。 社會生活多種多樣。 人們聚焦在一起觀看和交易珍貴藝術(shù)品。宋朝的政府體制在當(dāng)時也是先進(jìn)的。政府官員均通過競爭性考試選拔任用。文都版TheSongDynastybeganintheyear960andlastedtotheyear1279.Duringthisperiod,China’seconomydevelopedrapidlyandhadbecomethemostadvancedeconomy,anditsscience,technology,philosophyandmathematiciansboomedtoo.DuringtheSongDynasty,Chinawasthefirstcountrythatissuedpapermoneyinthehistoryoftheworld,gunpowderwasfirstused,andthemovable-typeprintingwasalsoinvented.Asthepopulationincreasedfast,moreandmorepeoplemovedtocities,whereexist精選資料，歡迎下載。edmanyentertainment places. Thesocial life wasdiverse .Peoplecould gather together towatchandexchangevaluable artworks there. Thegovernmentsystemwasalsoadvancedatthat time. Thegovernmentofficials wereall selected andemployedbycompetitive exams.新東方版TheSongdynastybeganfrom960andendedin1279.Duringtheperiod,Chinahadwitnessedhugegrowthintheeconomy,makingitthemostadvancedeconomyintheworld.Scienceandtechnology,philosophyandmathematicsalsoflourishedatthattime.IntheSongdynasty,Chinawasthefirstcountryintheworldtoissuepapermoney,usegunpowderandinventmovable-typeprinting.Withrapidlyincreasingpopulation,moreandmorepeoplemovedintothecity,inwhichentertainmentvenueswereverybusy.Peoplecouldenjoyvarioussociallife,gettingtogethertoappreciateandtradepreciousartworks.TheSongdynastyalsoenjoyedanadvancedgovernmentsystemintheworld.Allofthegovernmentofficialswereselectedandappointedthroughthecompetitiveexamination.(2016.12.3)農(nóng)業(yè)是中國的一個重要產(chǎn)業(yè)，從業(yè)者超過3億。中國農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量全球第一，主要生產(chǎn)水稻、小麥和豆類。雖然中國的農(nóng)業(yè)用地僅占世界的百分之十，但為世界百分之二十的人提供了糧食。中國7700年開始種植水稻。早在使用機(jī)械和化肥之前，勤勞和富有創(chuàng)造性的中國農(nóng)民就已經(jīng)采用各種各樣的方法來增加農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量。中國農(nóng)業(yè)最近的發(fā)展是推進(jìn)有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)。有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)可以同時服務(wù)于多種目的，包括食品安全，大眾健康和可持續(xù)發(fā)展。AgricultureisoneofthemostimportantindustriesinChinawhichembracesmorethan300millionworkers.China‘sagricultureoutputranksthefirstallovertheword,anditmainlyproducerice,wheatandbeans.Chinaprovides20percentoftheworldfood,thoughitsagriculturelandonlyaccountsfor10%oftheworld’stotal.China’shistoryofplantingricedatesbackasearlyas7700B.C.Longbeforetheuseofmachineryandfertilizers,industriousandcreativefarmershadalreadyuseddiff精選資料，歡迎下載。erent kinds ofmethodstoincreasecrop yields. Thelatest trend oftheagriculturedevelopment in Chinais topromoteorganicagriculture. Andtheorganic agriculturecanserve avariety ofpurposes, whichincludingfood safety, public health andsustainable development.(2016.12.2)隨著中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的蓬勃發(fā)展，學(xué)漢語的人數(shù)迅速增加，使?jié)h語成了世界上人們最愛學(xué)的語言之一。近年來，中國大學(xué)在國際上的排名也有了明顯的提高。由于中國教育的巨大進(jìn)步，中國成為最受海外學(xué)生歡迎的留學(xué)目的地之一就不足為奇了。2015年，近40萬國際學(xué)生蜂擁來到中國市場。他們學(xué)習(xí)的科目不再限于中國語言和文化，而包括科學(xué)與工程。在全球教育市場上，美國和英國仍占主導(dǎo)地位，但中國正在迅速趕上。AsChina’seconomybooms,thereisadramaticincreaseinthenumberofpeoplelearningChinese,whichmakesitbecomeoneofthemostpopularlanguages.Inrecentyears,internationalranksofChineseuniversitieshaveapparentlyboosted.OwingtotheprogressofChineseeducation,itisnotoddthatChinahasbecomeoneofthemostfavoritedestinationsforoverseastudentsstudyingabroad.In2015,aroundfourhundredthousandinternationalstudentspiledintoChinatostudy.WhattheylearnisnomorelimitedtothesubjectsofChineseandChineseculture,theyalsolearnscienceandengineering.Intheglobaleducationmarket,AmericaandBritainstillplaydominantroles,whileChinaiscatchingup.(2016.12.1)隨著生活水平的提高，度假在中國人生活中的作用越來越重要。過去，中國人的時間主要花在謀生上，很少有機(jī)會外出旅行。然而，近年來中國旅游業(yè)發(fā)展迅速。經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮和富裕中產(chǎn)階級的出現(xiàn)，引發(fā)了一個前所未有的旅游熱潮。中國人不僅在國內(nèi)旅游，出國旅游也越來越普遍。2016年國慶節(jié)假日期間， 旅游消費總計超過 4000億元。據(jù)世界貿(mào)易組織估計， 2020年中國將成為世界上最大的旅游國，在未來幾年里將成為處境旅游支出增長最快的國家。Withtheimprovement ofliving standards, vacation is playing anincreasingly important rolein Chinesepeople’slife. Inthepast, Chinesepeople mainly spenttheirtime onearning aliving andseldomdidthey havetheopportunities totravel abroa精選資料，歡迎下載。d.However,therecentyearshaswitnessedafastdevelopmentofChina’stourismindustry.Theboomofeconomyandemergenceoftheaffluentmiddleclass,hastriggeredanunprecedentedtourismboom.ChinesepeoplearenotonlytravelingwithinChina,buttravelingabroadisalsobecomingmoreandmorepopular.DuringtheNationalDayholidayof2016,theconsumptionoftourismaddsuptomorethan400billion.AccordingtotheestimateoftheWTO,Chinawillbecomethecountrywiththelargesttourismindustryintheworldin2020,anditwillbecomethecountrywiththefastestconsumptionincreaseintravelingabroadinthenextfewyears.(2016.6.3)中國的創(chuàng)新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃發(fā)展。為了在科學(xué)技術(shù)上盡快趕超世界發(fā)達(dá)國家，中國近年來大幅度增加了研究開發(fā)資金。中國的大學(xué)和研究所正在積極開展創(chuàng)新研究，這些研究覆蓋了從大數(shù)據(jù)到生物化學(xué)，從新能源到機(jī)器人等各類高科技領(lǐng)域。它們還與各地的科技園合作，使創(chuàng)新成果商業(yè)化。與此同時，無論在產(chǎn)品還是商業(yè)模式上，中國企業(yè)家也在努力爭做創(chuàng)新的先鋒，以適應(yīng)國內(nèi)外消費市場不斷變化和增長的需求。譯文一China'sinnovationisflourishingfasterthaneverbefore.Inordertosurpassdevelopedcountriesonscienceandtechnologyassoonaspossible,Chinahassharplyincreasedresearchanddevelopmentfund.Chineseuniversitiesandinstitutesareactivelydoinginnovativeresearches,coveringvariousfieldsofhightechnology,frombigdatatobiochemistry,andfromnewenergytorobots.Theyarealsocooperatingwithscienceandtechnologyparksindifferentplaces,soastocommercializetheirfruitsofinnovation.Inthemeantime,toadapttothechangingforeignanddomesticmarket,andtosatisfythegrowingdemand,Chineseentrepreneursarealsomakingpioneeringeffortstoinnovatetheirproductsandbusinessmodels.譯文二（文都版）InnovationisprogressinginanunprecedentedspeedinChina.Inordertocatchupwiththosedevelopedcountriesintheworldasfastasitcaninthescienceandtechnologyfield,Chinahasincreasedfundsfordevelopmentresearchsubstantiallyinrecentyears.UniversitiesandresearchinstitutionsinChinaareactivelycarryingoutinnovationresearches,whichcoverhigh-technologyfieldssuchasbigdata,biochemistry,newenergyandrobots,etc.Theyalsocooperatewithscienceparkinvariousregions,commercializingtheresearchresultsofinnovation.Meanwhile,nomatterinproductionandbusinessmodel,entrepreneursinChinaarecompetingtobe精選資料，歡迎下載。pioneers ininnovation toadapt totheconstantly changing andincreasing needsoftheconsumermarketathomeandabroad.(2016.6.2)深圳是中國廣東省一座新開發(fā)的城市。在改革開放之前，深圳不過是一個漁村，僅有三萬多人。20世紀(jì)80年代，中國政府創(chuàng)建了深圳經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)，作為實施社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的試驗田。如今，深圳的人口已超過1,000萬，整個城市發(fā)生了巨大的變化。到2014年，深圳的人均（per-capita）GDP已達(dá)25,000美元，相當(dāng)于世界上一些發(fā)達(dá)國家的水平。就綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)實力而言，深圳居于中國頂尖城市之列。由于其獨特的地位，深圳也是國內(nèi)外企業(yè)家創(chuàng)業(yè)的理想之地。譯文一Shenzhenisanewly-developedcityinGuangdongprovince,ChinaBeforetheimplementationofreformandopening-uppolicy,itwasbutafishingvillageonlywithapopulationofover30thousandInthe1980s,ChinesegovernmentestablishedShenzhenSpecialEconomicZoneastheexperimentalplotfortheimplementationofsocialistmarketeconomy.Currently,thepopulationofShenzhenhasexceeded10millionandthewholecityhasundergonetremendouschanges.By2014,theper-capitaGDPofShenzhenhasreached25thousanddollars,equivalenttothatofsomedevelopedcountriesintheworld.Asfarasitsoveralleconomicpowerisconcerned,ShenzhenislistedamongthetopcitiesinChina.Duetoitsuniquestatus,itisalsoanidealplacefortheentrepreneursathomeandabroadtostarttheirbusinesses.譯文二（文都版）Shenzhen,thefirstspecialeconomiczoneinChinasincethereformandopening-uppolicy,alsothewindowofChinesereformandopening-uppolicy,hasdevelopedintoaninternationalcitywithgreatinfluence,whichisalsothesignificantbaseo精選資料，歡迎下載。fhigh-techresearchanddevelopmentinSouthChina.ThelongcoastlineofShenzhenservesasabridgebetweentheSouthChinaSeeandthePacific.AndadjacenttoHongKong,Shenzhenisoneofthebusiestcontainerportsintheworld.ShenzhenWindowoftheWorldisalarge-scaletouristattraction,inwhichtherearealargenumberofimitationsofworld-famoussights,suchasthePyramidinEgypt,LeaningTowerofPisainItalyandNiagaraFallsinNorthAmerica.(2016.6.1)旗袍(qipao)是一種雅致的中國服裝,源于中國的滿族(ManchuNationality)。在清代,旗袍是王室女性穿著的寬松長袍。上世紀(jì)20年代，受西方服飾的影響，旗袍發(fā)生了一些變化。袖口（cuffs）變窄，袍身變短。這些變化使女性美得以充分展現(xiàn)。如今，旗袍經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在世界級的時裝秀上。中國女性出席重要社交聚會時，旗袍往往是她們的首選。很多中國新娘也會選擇旗袍作為結(jié)婚禮服。一些有影響的人士甚至建議將旗袍作為中國女性的民族服飾。譯文一Qipao,anexquisiteChineseclothing,originatesfromChina'sManchuNationality.IntheQingDynasty,itwasalooserobefortheroyalwomen.Inthe1920s,influencedbyWesternclothing,itwentthroughmanychanges.Forexample,thecuffswentnarrower,andthedressgotshorter.ThesechangesenabledQipaotofullyelaboratewomen’sbeauty.Nowadays,Qipaoquiteoftenappearsonworld-classfashionshows.ItisusuallythefirstchoiceforChinesewomenastheyattendsocialparties.Meanwhile,manyChinesebrideswillselectitastheirweddingdress.SomeinfluentialpersonalitiesevensuggestmakingitasthenationalcostumeforChinesewomen.譯文二（文都版）QipaoisakindofelegantChinesedress,whichisoriginatedfromManzuNationalityinChina.InQingDynasty,Qipaoisakindoflooserobeswhichroyalwomenwear.Inthe1920s,havingbeeninfluencedbywesternclothing,somechangeshavetakenplaceinChinesedress---Qipao.ThecuffofQipaohasbecamenarrow,andtherobehasbecameshort.Thesechangeshavereflectedthebeautyofthefemales.Today,Qipaooftenappearsintheworldfashionshow.WhenChinesewomenattendsomeimportantsocialgatherings,theyoftenchhoseQipaoastheirtheirfirstdress.Also,manyChinesebrideswillchooseQipaoastheirweddingdress.Someinfluenti精選資料，歡迎下載。alpeoplehaveevensuggestedthatQipaoshouldbewomen'snationalcostumeinChina.(2015.12)在中國，父母總是竭力幫助孩子，甚至為孩子做重要決定，而不管孩子想要什么，因為他們相信這樣做是為孩子好。結(jié)果，孩子的成長和教育往往屈從于父母的意愿。如果父母決定為孩子報名參加一個課外班，以增加其被重點學(xué)校錄取的機(jī)會，他們會堅持自己的決定，即使孩子根本不感興趣。然而在美國，父母可能會尊重孩子的意見，并在決策時更注重他們的意見。中國父母十分重視教育或許值得稱贊。然而，他們應(yīng)該向美國父母學(xué)習(xí)在涉及教育時如何平衡父母與子女間的關(guān)系。ParentsinChinaarealwaystryingtohelptheirchildren,eventomakethemostimportantdecisionforthem,regardlessofwhatthechildrenreallywant,becauseparentsbelieveit’sallforthebenefitoftheirchildren.Thishasledtotheresultthatthechildren’sgrowthandeducationtendtogivewaytotheirparents’wishes.Oncetheparentsdecidetosignupanafterschoolclassfortheirchildreninordertoincreasetheirchanceofbeingadmittedtoagoodschool,theywillstickontheirdecision,eventheirchildrenhavenointerestinitatall.InAmerica,however,parentstendtorespecttheirchildren,especiallywhenmakingdecisions.PerhapsitiscommendablethatChineseparentslaymuchimportanceoneducation,butChineseparentsstillneedtokeepthebalancebetweentheparentsandchildrenintheperspectiveofeducationastheAmericanparentsdo.(2015.12)在幫助國際社會于2030年前消除極端貧困過程中，中國正扮演著越來越重要的角色。自20世紀(jì)70年代末實施改革開放以來，中國已使多達(dá)四億人擺脫了貧困。在未來五年中，中國將向其他發(fā)展中國家在減少貧困、發(fā)展教育、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化、環(huán)境保護(hù)和醫(yī)療保健等方面提供援助。中國在減少貧困方面取得了顯著進(jìn)步，并在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方面作出了不懈努力，這將鼓勵其他貧困國家應(yīng)對自身發(fā)展中的挑戰(zhàn)。在尋求具有自身特色的發(fā)展道路時，這些國家可以借鑒中國的經(jīng)驗。Chinaisplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinhelpingtheinternationalcommunityintheprocessoferadicatingextremepovertyby2030.精選資料，歡迎下載。Sincetheimplementationofreformandopeningupinthelate1970s,Chinahashelpedasmanyas400millionpeopleoutofpoverty.Inthenextfiveyears,Chinawillprovideassistancetootherdevelopingcountriesinpovertyreduction,educationdevelopment,agriculturalmodernization,environmentalprotection,healthcareandsoon.Chinahasmaderemarkableprogressinpovertyalleviation,andithasmadeunremittingeffortsinpromotingeconomicgrowth.Thiswillencourageotherpoorcountriestocopewiththeirowndevelopmentchallenges.ThesecountriescanlearnfromChina'sexperienceinseekingthepathofdevelopmentwiththeirowncharacteristics.(2015.12)最近，中國政府決定將其工業(yè)升級。中國現(xiàn)在涉足建造高速列車，遠(yuǎn)洋船舶，機(jī)器人，甚至飛機(jī)。不久前，中國獲得了在印度尼西亞建造一條高鐵的合同：中國還與馬拉西亞簽署了為其提供高速列車的合同。這證明人們信賴中國造產(chǎn)品。中國造產(chǎn)品越來越受歡迎。 中國為此付出了代價， 但這確實有助于消除貧困， 同時還為世界各地的人們提供了就業(yè)機(jī)會。這是一件好事，值得稱贊。下次你去商店時，可能想看一看你所購商品的出產(chǎn)國名。很有可能這件商品是中國造的。譯文1：Recently,theChinesegovernmenthasdecidedtoupgradeitsindustry.Chinaisnowinvolvedinbuildinghigh-speedtrains,ocean-goingships,robots,eventheplanes.Notlongago,Chinawonthecontractofbuildingahigh-speedrailwayinIndonesia.TheContractofChinaprovinghigh-speedtrainsforMalaysiaalsosignedbythetwosides,whichprovesthatgoodsmade-in-Chinaarewidelytrusted.Goodsmade-in-Chinahasbecomemoreandmorepopular.AlthoughChinahaspaidpricesforit,itdoeshelptoeliminatepovertyandtoprovideworkchancesforpeopleallovertheworldaswell.Thisisagoodworkandworthspeakinghighlyof.Youmaywanttotakealookatwhichcountryyourgoodscomesfromwhenyougotothestorenexttime.ItisveryprobablymadeinChina.譯文2：Recently,theChinesegovernmenthasdecidedtoupgradeitsindustry.Nowitisinvolvedinconstructinghigh-speedtrain,oceanship,robot,evenplanes.Notlongago,Chinagotthecontractofbuildingahigh-speedtraininIndonesia.Atthesametime,Chinaalsogotthecontractofprovidinghigh-speedtrainswithMalaysia.Itpr精選資料，歡迎下載。ovesthatpeoplebelieveintheproductsmadeinChina.Chinese-madegoodshasbecomemoreandmorepopular.Chinahaspaidapriceforthis,butitnotonlyhelpstoeliminatepoverty,butalsoprovidesjobopportunitiestopeoplearoundtheworld.Itisagoodthingthatisworthyofpraise.Whenyougotothestorenexttime,youmaywanttoknowwheretheproductyouboughtisproduced.ItisverylikelythatitismadeinChina.(2014.12)反應(yīng)在藝術(shù)和文學(xué)中的鄉(xiāng)村生活理想是中國文明的重要特征。 這在很大程度上歸功于道家對自然的感情。傳統(tǒng)中國畫有兩個最受青睞的主題， 一是家庭生活的各種幸福場景， 畫中往往有老人在下棋飲茶， 男人在耕耘收割，婦女在織布縫衣， 小孩在戶外玩耍。 另一個則是鄉(xiāng)村生活的種種樂趣， 畫有漁夫在湖上打漁， 農(nóng)夫在山上砍柴采藥， 或是書生坐在松樹下吟詩作畫。這兩個主題可以分別代表儒家和道家的生活理想。TheidealofcountrylifereflectedbytheartandliteratureistheimportantfeatureofChineseculture,whichis,toalargedegree,attributedtothefeelingstothenaturefromTaoist.TherearetwomostpopulartopicsinthetraditionalChinesepainting.Oneisthevariousscenesofhappinessaboutfamilylife,inwhichtheoldmanoftenplayschessanddrinkstea,withthemanintheharvest,womaninweaving,childrenplayingoutofdoors.Theothersceneisallkindsofpleasuresaboutcountrylife,inwhichthefishermanisfishingonthelake,withthefarmercuttingwoodandgatheringherbsinthemountainsandthescholarchantingpoetryandpaintingpicturessittingunderthepinetrees.ThetwothemescanrepresentthelifeidealofConfucianismandTaoism.(2014.12)自從1978年啟動改革以來，中國已從計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)為以市場為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)濟(jì)，經(jīng)歷了經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會的快速發(fā)展。平均 10%的GDP增長已使五億多人脫貧。聯(lián)合國的 “千年（millennium ）發(fā)展目標(biāo)”在中國均已達(dá)到或即將達(dá)到。目前，中國的第十二個五年規(guī)劃強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)展服務(wù)業(yè)和解決環(huán)境及社會不平衡的問題。 政府已設(shè)定目標(biāo)減少污染， 提高能源效率，改善得到教育和醫(yī)精選資料，歡迎下載。保的機(jī)會，并擴(kuò)大社會保障。中國現(xiàn)在 7%的經(jīng)濟(jì)年增長目標(biāo)表明政府是在重視生活質(zhì)量而不是增長速度。Sincethereformwaslaunchedin1978,Chinahastransformedfromtheplannedeconomyintoamarket-basedeconomy,experiencingrapideconomicandsocialdevelopment.Ontheaverage,10%oftheGDPgrowthhasmademorethanfivehundredmillionpeopleoutofpoverty.The“millenniumdevelopmentgoal”oftheUnitedNationshasbeenrealizedorareabouttobereachedinChina.Atpresent,the12thfive-yearplaninChinaemphasizesthedevelopmentofserviceindustryandsolvetheproblemofenvironmentalandsocialimbalance.Thegovernmenthassetupagoaltoreducepollution,increasingenergyefficiency，improvingthechanceofeducationandhealthcare,andenlargingthesocialsecurity.7%ofannualeconomicgrowthtargetinChinashowsthatthegovernmentattachesgreatimportancetothequalityofliferatherthanthegrowthrate.(2014.6)中文熱詞通常反映社會變化和文化，有些在外國媒體上愈來愈流行。例如，土豪(tuhao)和大媽(dama)都是老詞，但是已獲取了新的意義。土豪以前指欺壓佃戶和仆人的鄉(xiāng)村地主，現(xiàn)在用于指花錢如流水或者喜歡炫耀財富的人，也就是說，土豪有錢，但沒有品位。大媽是對中年婦女的稱呼，但現(xiàn)在特指不久前金價下跌時大量購買黃精的中國婦女。土豪和大媽可能會被人收入新版牛津(Oxford)英語詞典，至今已有約120個中文詞被加進(jìn)了牛津英語詞典，成為了英語語言的一部分。TheChineseheatedwordsusuallyreflectsocialchangesandculture,someofwhichareincreasinglypopularwithforeignmedia.Tuhaoanddama,forexample,arebotholdwords,buttheygetdifferentmeaningsnow。Thewordtuhaousedtomeanrurallandlordswhooppresstheirtenantsandservants,whilenowitreferstopeoplespendingmoneywithoutlimitsorthoseshowingoffallaround.Thatistosay,tuhaoownsmoneyratherthantaste.Theworddamaisusedtodescribemiddle-agedwomen.However,itisregardedasaspecialwordtocallthoseChinesewomenwhorushedtopurchasegoldwhenthegoldpricedecreasedsharplynotlongago。TuhaoanddamamaybeincludedinthenewOxforddictionary.Uptonow,about120ChinesewordshavebeenlistedinitandbecamepartoftheEnglishlanguage.(2014.6)最近，中國科學(xué)院 (ChineseAcademyof