全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程3課文翻譯

Unit1Mr.DohertyBuildsHisDreamLifeTextAInAmericamanypeoplehavearomanticideaoflifeinthecountryside.Manylivingintownsdreamofstartinguptheirownfarm,oflivingofftheland.Fewgetroundtoputtingtheirdreamsintopractice.Thisisperhapsjustaswell,asthelifeofafarmerisfarfromeasy,asJimDohertydiscoveredwhenhesetouttocombinebeingawriterwithrunningafarm.Nevertheless,asheexplains,hehasnoregretsandremainsenthusiasticabouthisdecisiontochangehiswayoflife.在美國，不少人對鄉(xiāng)村生活懷有浪漫的情感。許多居住在城鎮(zhèn)的人夢想著自己辦個(gè)農(nóng)場，夢想著靠土地為生。很少有人真去把夢想變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)。或許這也沒有什么不好，因?yàn)?，正如吉?多爾蒂當(dāng)初開始其寫作和農(nóng)場經(jīng)營雙重生涯時(shí)所體驗(yàn)到的那樣，農(nóng)耕生活遠(yuǎn)非輕松自在。但他寫道，自己并不后悔，對自己做出的改變生活方式的決定仍熱情不減。Mr.DohertyBuildsHisDreamLife多爾蒂先生創(chuàng)建自己的理想生活JimDoherty吉姆?多爾蒂TherearetwothingsIhavealwayswantedtodo--writeandliveonafarm.TodayI'mdoingboth.IamnotinE.B.White'sclassasawriterorinmyneighbors'leagueasafarmer,butI'mgettingby.Andafteryearsoffrustrationwithcityandsuburbanliving,mywifeSandyandIhavefinallyfoundcontentmenthereinthecountry.有兩件事是我一直想做的一一寫作與務(wù)農(nóng)。如今我同時(shí)做著這兩件事。作為作家，我和E-B?懷特不屬同一等級，作為農(nóng)場主，我和鄉(xiāng)鄰也不是同一類人，不過我應(yīng)付得還行。在城市以及郊區(qū)歷經(jīng)多年的悵惘失望之后，我和妻子桑迪終于在這里的鄉(xiāng)村尋覓到心靈的滿足。It'saself-reliantsortoflife.Wegrownearlyallofourfruitsandvegetables.Ourhenskeepusineggs,withseveraldozenleftovertoselleachweek.Ourbeesprovideuswithhoney,andwecutenoughwoodtojustaboutmakeitthroughtheheatingseason.這是一種自力更生的生活。我們食用的果蔬幾乎都是自己種的。自家飼養(yǎng)的雞提供雞蛋，每星期還能剩余幾十個(gè)出售。自家養(yǎng)殖的蜜蜂提供蜂蜜，我們還自己動手砍柴，足可供過冬取暖之用。It'sasatisfyinglifetoo.Inthesummerwecanoeontheriver,gopicnickinginthewoodsandtakelongbicyclerides.Inthewinterweskiandskate.Wegetexcitedaboutsunsets.Welovethesmelloftheearthwarmingandthesoundofcattlelowing.Wewatchforhawksintheskyanddeerinthecornfields.這也是一種令人滿足的生活。夏日里我們在河上蕩舟，在林子里野餐，騎著自行車長時(shí)間漫游。冬日里我們滑雪溜冰。我們?yōu)槁淙盏挠噍x而激動。我們愛聞大地回暖的氣息，愛聽牛群哞叫。我們守著看鷹兒飛過上空，看玉米田間鹿群嬉躍。Butthegoodlifecangetprettytough.Threemonthsagowhenitwas30below,wespenttwomiserabledayshaulingfirewooduptheriveronasled.Threemonthsfromnow,itwillbe95aboveandwewillbecultivatingcorn,weedingstrawberriesandkillingchickens.Recently,SandyandIhadtoretilethebackroof.SoonJim,16andEmily,13,theyoungestofourfourchildren,willhelpmemakesomelong-overdueimprovementsontheoutdoortoiletthatsupplementsourindoorplumbingwhenweareworkingoutside.Laterthismonth,we'llspraytheorchard,paintthebarn,plantthegardenandcleanthehenhousebeforethenewchicksarrive.但如此美妙的生活有時(shí)會變得相當(dāng)艱苦。就在三個(gè)月前，氣溫降到華氏零下30度，我們辛苦勞作了整整兩天，用一個(gè)雪橇沿著河邊拖運(yùn)木柴。再過三個(gè)月，氣溫會升到95度，我們就要給玉米松土，在草莓地除草，還要宰殺家禽。前一陣子我和桑迪不得不翻修后屋頂。過些時(shí)候，四個(gè)孩子中的兩個(gè)小的，16歲的吉米和13歲的埃米莉，會幫著我一起把拖了很久沒修的室外廁所修葺一下，那是專為室外干活修建的。這個(gè)月晚些時(shí)候，我們要給果樹噴灑藥水，要油漆谷倉，要給菜園播種，要趕在新的小雞運(yùn)到之前清掃雞舍。Inbetweensuchchores,Imanagetospend50to60hoursaweekatthetypewriterordoingreportingforthefreelancearticlesIselltomagazinesandnewspapers.Sandy,meanwhile,pursuesherowndemandingschedule.Besidestheusualhouseholdroutine,sheoverseesthegardenandbeehives,bakesbread,cansandfreezes,drivesthekidstotheirmusiclessons,practiceswiththem,takesorganlessonsonherown,doesresearchandtypingforme,writesanarticleherselfnowandthen,tendstheflowerbeds,stacksalittlewoodanddeliverstheeggs.Thereis,astheoldsayinggoes,norestforthewickedonaplacelikethis--andnotmuchforthevirtuouseither. 在這些活計(jì)之間，我每周要抽空花五、六十個(gè)小時(shí)，不是打字撰文，就是為作為自由撰稿人投給報(bào)刊的文章進(jìn)行采訪。桑迪則有她自己繁忙的工作日程。除了日常的家務(wù)，她還照管菜園和蜂房，烘烤面包，將食品裝罐、冷藏，開車送孩子學(xué)音樂，和他們一起練習(xí)，自己還要上風(fēng)琴課，為我做些研究工作并打字，自己有時(shí)也寫寫文章，還要侍弄花圃，堆摞木柴、運(yùn)送雞蛋。正如老話說的那樣，在這種情形之下，壞人不得閑一一賢德之人也歇不了。Noneofuswilleverforgetourfirstwinter.WewereburiedunderfivefeetofsnowfromDecemberthroughMarch.Whileonestormafteranotherblastedhugedriftsupagainstthehouseandbarn,wekeptwarminsideburningourownwood,eatingourownapplesandlovingeveryminuteofit.我們誰也不會忘記第一年的冬天。從12月一直到3月底，我們都被深達(dá)5英尺的積雪困著。暴風(fēng)雪肆虐，一場接著一場，積雪厚厚地覆蓋著屋子和谷倉，而室內(nèi)，我們用自己砍伐的木柴燒火取暖，吃著自家種植的蘋果，溫馨快樂每一分鐘。Whenspringcame,itbroughttwofloods.Firsttheriveroverflowed,coveringmuchofourlandforweeks.Thenthegrowingseasonbegan,swampingusunderwaveafterwaveofproduce.Ourfreezerfilledupwithcherries,raspberries,strawberries,asparagus,peas,beansandcorn.Thenourcanned-goodsshelvesandcupboardsbegantogrowwithpreserves,tomatojuice,grapejuice,plums,jamsandjellies.Eventually,thebasementfloordisappearedunderpilesofpotatoes,squashandpumpkins,andthebarnbegantofillwithapplesandpears.Itwasamazing.開春后，有過兩次泛濫。一次是河水外溢，我們不少田地被淹了幾個(gè)星期。接著一次是生長季節(jié)到了，一波又一波的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品潮涌而來，弄得我們應(yīng)接不暇。我們的冰箱里塞滿了櫻桃、藍(lán)莓、草莓、蘆筍、豌豆、青豆和玉米。接著我們存放食品罐的架子上、柜櫥里也開始堆滿一罐罐的腌漬食品，有番茄汁、葡萄汁、李子、果醬和果凍。最后，地窖里遍地是大堆大堆的土豆、西葫蘆、南瓜，谷倉里也儲滿了蘋果和梨。真是太美妙了。Thenextyearwegrewevenmorefoodandmanagedtogetthroughthewinteronfirewoodthatwasmostlyfromourowntreesandonly100gallonsofheatingoil.AtthatpointIbeganthinkingseriouslyaboutquittingmyjobandstartingtofreelance.Thetimingwasterrible.Bythen,ShawnandAmy,ouroldestgirlswereattendingexpensiveIvyLeagueschoolsandwehadonlyafewthousanddollarsinthebank.Yetwekeptcomingbacktothesamequestion:Willthereeverbeabettertime?Theanswer,decidedly,wasno,andso--withmyemployer'sblessingsandhalfayear'spayinaccumulatedbenefitsinmypocket--offIwent.第二年我們種了更多的作物，差不多就靠著從自家樹林砍斫的木柴以及僅僅100加侖的燃油過了冬。其時(shí)，我開始認(rèn)真考慮起辭了職去從事自由撰稿的事來。時(shí)機(jī)選得實(shí)在太差。當(dāng)時(shí)，兩個(gè)大的女兒肖恩和埃米正在費(fèi)用很高的常春藤學(xué)校上學(xué)，而我們只有幾千美金的銀行存款。但我們一再回到一個(gè)老問題上來：真的會有更好的時(shí)機(jī)嗎？答案無疑是否定的。于是，帶著老板的祝福，口袋里揣著作為累積津貼的半年薪水，我走了。Therehavebeenafewanxiousmomentssincethen,butonbalancethingshavegonemuchbetterthanwehadanyrighttoexpect.Forvariousstoriesofmine,I'vecrawledintoblack-beardensforSportsIllustrated,hitchedupdogsledracingteamsforSmithsonianmagazine,checkedouttheLakeChamplain"monster"forScienceDigest,andcanoedthroughtheBoundaryWaterswildernessareaofMinnesotaforDestinations.那以后有過一些焦慮的時(shí)刻，但總的來說，情況比我們料想的要好得多。為了寫那些內(nèi)容各不相同的文章，我為《體育畫報(bào)》爬進(jìn)過黑熊窩；為《史密森期刊》替參賽的一組組狗套上過雪橇；為《科學(xué)文摘》調(diào)查過尚普蘭湖水怪的真相；為《終點(diǎn)》雜志在明尼蘇達(dá)劃著小舟穿越美、加邊界水域內(nèi)的公共荒野保護(hù)區(qū)。I'mnotmakinganywherenearasmuchmoneyasIdidwhenIwasemployedfulltime,butnowwedon'tneedasmucheither.Igenerateenoughincometohandleour$600-a-monthmortgagepaymentsplustheusualexpensesforafamilylikeours.Thatincludeseverythingfrommusiclessonsanddentalbillstocarrepairsandcollegecosts.Whenitcomestoinsurance,wehaveapoorman'smajor-medicalpolicy.Wehavetopaythefirst$500ofanymedicalfeesforeachmemberofthefamily.Itpicksup80%ofthecostsbeyondthat.Althoughwearestuckwithpayingminorexpenses,ourpremiumislow--only$560ayear--andwearecoveredagainstcatastrophe.Asidefromthatandthepolicyonourtwocarsat$400ayear,wehavenootherinsurance.Butwearesettingaside$2,000ayearinanIRA.我掙的錢遠(yuǎn)比不上擔(dān)任全職工作時(shí)的收入，可如今我們需要的錢也沒有過去多。我掙的錢足以應(yīng)付每月600美金的房屋貸款按揭以及一家人的日常開銷。那些開銷包括了所有支出，如音樂課學(xué)費(fèi)、牙醫(yī)賬單、汽車維修以及大學(xué)費(fèi)用等等。至于保險(xiǎn)，我們買了一份低收入者的主要醫(yī)療項(xiàng)目保險(xiǎn)。我們需要為每一位家庭成員的任何一項(xiàng)醫(yī)療費(fèi)用支付最初的500美金。醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)則支付超出部分的80%。雖然我們?nèi)砸Ц缎〔糠轴t(yī)療費(fèi)用，但我們的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)也低--每年只要560美金--而我們給自己生大病保了險(xiǎn)。除了這一保險(xiǎn)項(xiàng)目，以及兩輛汽車每年400美金的保險(xiǎn)，我們就沒有其他保險(xiǎn)了。不過我們每年留出2000美元入個(gè)人退休金賬戶。We'vebeenabletomakeupthedifferenceinincomebycuttingbackwithoutappreciablyloweringourstandardofliving.Wecontinuetodineoutonceortwiceamonth,butnowwepatronizelocalrestaurantsinsteadofmoreexpensiveplacesinthecity.WestillattendtheoperaandballetinMilwaukeebutonlyafewtimesayear.Weeatlessmeat,drinkcheaperwineandseefewermovies.ExtravagantChristmasesareamemory,andwecombinevacationswithstoryassignments...我們通過節(jié)約開支而又不明顯降低生活水準(zhǔn)的方式來彌補(bǔ)收入差額。我們每個(gè)月仍出去吃一兩次飯，不過現(xiàn)在我們光顧的是當(dāng)?shù)夭宛^，而不是城里的高級飯店。我們?nèi)匀ッ軤栁只牳鑴】窗爬傺莩?，不過一年才幾次。我們?nèi)獬缘蒙倭?，酒喝得便宜了，電影看得少了。鋪張的圣誕節(jié)成為一種回憶，我們把完成稿約作為度假的一部分……Isuspectnoteveryonewholovesthecountrywouldbehappylivingthewaywedo.Ittakesacoupleofspecialqualities.Oneisatoleranceforsolitude.Becausewearesobusyandonsuchatightbudget,wedon'tentertainmuch.Duringthegrowingseasonthereisnotimeforsocializinganyway.JimandEmilyareinvolvedinschoolactivities,buttheytoospendmostoftheirtimeathome.我想，不是所有熱愛鄉(xiāng)村的人都會樂意過我們這種生活的。這種生活需要一些特殊的素質(zhì)。其一是耐得住寂寞。由于我們?nèi)绱嗣β?，手頭又緊，我們很少請客。在作物生長季節(jié)，根本就沒工夫參加社交活動。吉米和埃米莉雖然參加學(xué)校的各種活動，但他倆大多數(shù)時(shí)間也呆在家里。Theotherrequirementisenergy--alotofit.Thewaytomakeself-sufficiencyworkonasmallscaleistoresistthetemptationtobuyatractorandotherexpensivelaborsavingdevices.Instead,youdotheworkyourself.Theonlymachineryweown(notcountingthelawnmower)isalittlethree-horsepowerrotarycultivatoranda16-inchchainsaw.另一項(xiàng)要求是體力一一相當(dāng)大的體力。小范圍里實(shí)現(xiàn)自給自足的途徑是抵制誘惑，不去購置拖拉機(jī)和其他昂貴的節(jié)省勞力的機(jī)械。相反，你要自己動手。我們僅有的機(jī)器(不包括割草機(jī))是一臺3馬力的小型旋轉(zhuǎn)式耕耘機(jī)以及一架16英寸的鏈鋸。Howmuchlongerwe'llhaveenoughenergytostayonhereisanybody'sguess--perhapsforquiteawhile,perhapsnot.Whenthetimecomes,we'llleavewithafeelingofsorrowbutalsowithasenseofprideatwhatwe'vebeenabletoaccomplish.Weshouldmakeafairprofitonthesaleoftheplace,too.We'veinvestedabout$35,000ofourownmoneyinit,andwecouldjustaboutdoublethatifwesoldtoday.Butthisisnotagoodtimetosell.Onceeconomicconditionsimprove,however,demandforfarmslikeoursshouldbestrongagain.沒人知道我們還能有精力在這里再呆多久--也許呆很長一陣子，也許不是。到走的時(shí)候，我們會愴然離去，但也會為自己所做的一切深感自豪。我們把農(nóng)場出售也會賺相當(dāng)大一筆錢。我們自己在農(nóng)場投入了約35,000美金的資金，要是現(xiàn)在售出的話價(jià)格差不多可以翻一倍。不過現(xiàn)在不是出售的好時(shí)機(jī)。但是一旦經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢好轉(zhuǎn)，對我們這種農(nóng)場的需求又會增多。Wedidn'tmovehereprimarilytoearnmoneythough.Wecamebecausewewantedtoimprovethequalityofourlives.WhenIwatchEmilycollectingeggsintheevening,fishingwithJimontheriverorenjoyinganold-fashionedpicnicintheorchardwiththeentirefamily,Iknowwe'vefoundjustwhatwewerelookingfor.但我們主要不是為了賺錢而移居至此的。我們來此居住是因?yàn)橄胩岣呱钯|(zhì)量。當(dāng)我看著埃米莉傍晚去收雞蛋，跟吉米一起在河上釣魚，或和全家人一起在果園里享用老式的野餐，我知道，我們找到了自己一直在尋求的生活方式。Unit3TheLandoftheLockTextAYearsagoinAmerica,itwascustomaryforfamiliestoleavetheirdoorsunlocked,dayandnight.Inthisessay,Greeneregretsthatpeoplecannolongertrusteachotherandhavetoresorttoelaboratesecuritysystemstoprotectthemselvesandtheirpossessions.許多年前，在美國，家家戶戶白天黑夜不鎖門是司空見慣的。在本文中，格林嘆惜人們不再相互信任，不得不憑借精密的安全設(shè)備來保護(hù)自己和財(cái)產(chǎn)。TheLandoftheLockBobGreeneInthehousewhereIgrewup,itwasourcustomtoleavethefrontdooronthelatchatnight.Idon'tknowifthatwasalocaltermorifitisuniversal;"onthelatch"meantthedoorwasclosedbutnotlocked.Noneofuscarriedkeys;thelastoneinfortheeveningwouldcloseup,andthatwasit.鎖之國鮑伯?格林小時(shí)候在家里，我們的前門總是夜不落鎖。我不知道這是當(dāng)?shù)氐囊环N說法還是大家都這么說；"不落鎖”的意思是掩上門，但不鎖住。我們誰都不帶鑰匙；晚上最后一個(gè)回家的人把門關(guān)上，這就行了。Thosedaysareover.Inruralareasaswellasincities,doorsdonotstayunlocked,evenforpartofanevening.那樣的日子已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了。在鄉(xiāng)下，在城里，門不再關(guān)著不鎖上，哪怕是傍晚一段時(shí)間也不例外。Suburbsandcountryareasare,inmanyways,evenmorevulnerablethanwell-patroledurbanstreets.Statisticsshowthecrimeraterisingmoredramaticallyinthoseallegedlytranquilareasthanincities.Atanyrate,theeraofleavingthefrontdooronthelatchisover.在許多方面，郊區(qū)和農(nóng)村甚至比巡查嚴(yán)密的城市街道更易受到攻擊。統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示，那些據(jù)稱是安寧的地區(qū)的犯罪率上升得比城鎮(zhèn)更為顯著。不管怎么說，前門虛掩不落鎖的時(shí)代是一去不復(fù)返了。Ithasbeenreplacedbydead-boltlocks,securitychains,electronicalarmsystemsandtripwireshookeduptoapolicestationorprivateguardfirm.Manysuburbanfamilieshaveslidingglassdoorsontheirpatios,withsteelbarselegantlybuiltinsonoonecanprythedoorsopen.取而代之的是防盜鎖、防護(hù)鏈、電子報(bào)警系統(tǒng)，以及連接警署或私人保安公司的報(bào)警裝置。郊區(qū)的許多人家在露臺上安裝了玻璃滑門，內(nèi)側(cè)有裝得很講究的鋼條，這樣就沒人能把門撬開。Itisnotuncommon,inthemostpleasantofhomes,toseepastedonthewindowssmallnoticesannouncingthatthepremisesareundersurveillancebythissecurityforceorthatguardcompany. 在最溫馨的居家，也常?？吹玫酱吧腺N著小小的告示，稱本宅由某家安全機(jī)構(gòu)或某個(gè)保安公司負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)管。ThelockisthenewsymbolofAmerica.Indeed,arecentpublic-serviceadvertisementbyalargeinsurancecompanyfeaturednotchartsshowinghowmuchatriskweare,butapictureofachild'sbicyclewiththenow-usualpadlockattachedtoit.鎖成了美國的新的象征。的確，一家大保險(xiǎn)公司最近的一則公益廣告沒有用圖表表明我們所處的危險(xiǎn)有多大，而是用了一幅童車的圖片，車身上懸著如今無所不在的掛鎖。Theadpointedoutthat,yes,itistheinsurancecompaniesthatpayforstolengoods,butwhoisgoingtopayforwhatthenewatmosphereofdistrustandfearisdoingtoourwayoflife?WhoisgoingtomakethepsychicpaymentforthetransformationofAmericafromtheLandoftheFreetotheLandoftheLock?廣告指出，沒錯(cuò)，確是保險(xiǎn)公司理賠失竊物品，但誰來賠償互不信任、擔(dān)心害怕這種新氛圍對我們的生活方式所造成的影響呢？誰來對美國從自由之國到鎖之國這一蛻變作出精神賠償呢？Forthatiswhathashappened.WehavebecomesousedtodefendingourselvesagainstthenewatmosphereofAmericanlife,sousedtoputtingupbarriers,thatwehavenothadtimetothinkaboutwhatitmaymean.因?yàn)槟蔷褪乾F(xiàn)狀。我們已經(jīng)變得如此習(xí)慣于保護(hù)自己不受美國生活新氛圍的影響，如此習(xí)慣于設(shè)置障礙，因而無暇考慮這一切意味著什么。Forsomereasonwearesatisfiedwhenwethinkwearewell-protected;itdoesnotoccurtoustoaskourselves:Whyhasthishappened?Whyarewehavingtobarricadeourselvesagainstourneighborsandfellowcitizens,andwhen,exactly,didthisstarttotakeoverourlives?出于某種原因，當(dāng)我們覺得防范周密時(shí)就感到心滿意足；我們沒有問過自己：為什么會出現(xiàn)這種情況？為什么非得把自己與鄰居和同住一城的居民相隔絕，這一切究竟是從什么時(shí)候開始主宰我們生活的？Andithastakenover.Ifyouworkforamedium-tolarge-sizecompany,chancesarethatyoudon'tjustwanderinandoutofwork.Youprobablycarrysomekindofaccesscard,electronicorotherwise,thatallowsyouinandoutofyourplaceofwork.Maybethesecurityguardatthefrontdeskknowsyourfaceandwillwaveyouinmostdays,butthefactremainsthatthebusinessyouworkforfeelsthreatenedenoughtokeepoutsidersawayviathese"keys."這一切確是主宰了我們的生活。如果你在一家大中型公司上班，你上下班很可能不好隨意進(jìn)出。你可能隨身帶著某種出入卡，電子的或別的什么的，因?yàn)檫@卡能讓你進(jìn)出工作場所。也許前臺的保安認(rèn)識你這張臉，平日一揮手讓你進(jìn)去，但事實(shí)明擺著，你所任職的公司深感面臨威脅，因此要借助這些“鑰匙”不讓外人靠近。Itwasn'talwayslikethis.Evenadecadeago,mostprivatebusinesseshadapolicyoffreeaccess.Itsimplydidn'toccurtomanagersthattheproperthingtodowastodistrustpeople.這一現(xiàn)象并非向來有之。即使在十年前，大多數(shù)私營公司仍采取自由出入的做法。那時(shí)管理人員根本沒想到過恰當(dāng)?shù)氖侄问遣恍湃嗡?。Lookattheairports.Parentsusedtotakechildrenouttodeparturegatestowatchplaneslandandtakeoff.That'sallgone.Airportsarenolongeraplaceofeducationandfun;theyarethemostsophisticatedofsecuritysites.且看各地機(jī)場。過去家長常常帶孩子去登機(jī)口看飛機(jī)起飛降落。這種事再也沒有了。機(jī)場不再是一個(gè)有趣的學(xué)習(xí)場所；它們成了擁有最精密的安全檢查系統(tǒng)的場所。WithelectronicX-rayequipment,weseemfinallytohavefiguredoutawaytoholdtheterrorists,realandimagined,atbay;itwassucharelieftosolvethisproblemthatwedidnotthinkmuchaboutwhatsuchastateofaffairssaysaboutthequalityofourlives.Wenowpassthroughtheseelectronicfriskerswithoutsomuchasasidewaysglance;themachines,andwhattheystandfor,havewon.憑借著電子透視裝置，我們似乎終于想出妙計(jì)讓恐怖分子無法近身，無論是真的恐怖分子還是憑空臆想的。能解決這一問題真是如釋重負(fù)，于是我們不去多想這種狀況對我們的生活質(zhì)量意味著什么。如今我們走過這些電子搜查器時(shí)已經(jīng)看都不看一眼了，這些裝置，還有它們所代表的一切已經(jīng)獲勝。Ourneighborhoodsarebathedinhigh-intensitylight;wedonotwanttoaffordourselvesevensomuchaluxuryasashadow.我們的居住區(qū)處在強(qiáng)光源的照射下；我們連哪怕像陰影這樣小小的享受也不想給自己。Businessmen,inincreasingnumbers,arepurchasingnewmachinesthathookuptothetelephoneandanalyzeacaller'svoice.Themachinesaresupposedtotellthebusinessman,withasmallmarginoferror,whetherhisfriendorclientistellinglies.越來越多的商人正購置連接在電話機(jī)上、能剖析來電者聲音的新機(jī)器。據(jù)說那種機(jī)器能讓商人知道他的朋友或客戶是否在撒謊，其出錯(cuò)概率很小。Allthisisbeingdoneinthenameof"security";thatiswhatwetellourselves.Wearefearful,andsowedevisewaystolockthefearout,andthat,wedecide,iswhatsecuritymeans.所有這一切都是以“安全”的名義實(shí)施的：我們是這么踉自己說的。我們害怕，于是我們設(shè)法把害怕鎖在外面，我們認(rèn)定，那就是安全的意義。Butno;withallthis"security,"weareperhapsthemostinsecurenationinthehistoryofcivilizedman.Whatbetterwordtodescribethewayinwhichwehavebeenforcedtolive?Whatsadderreflectiononallthatwehavebecomeinthisnewandpuzzlingtime?其實(shí)不然；我們雖然有了這一切安全措施，但我們或許是人類文明史上最不安全的國民。還有什么更好的字眼能用來描述我們被迫選擇的生活方式呢？還有什么更為可悲地表明我們在這個(gè)令人困惑的新時(shí)代所感受到的惶恐之情呢？Wetrustnoone.Suburbanhousewiveswearrapewhistlesontheirstationwagonkeychains.Wehavebecomesosmartaboutself-protectionthat,intheend,wehavealloutsmartedourselves.Wemayhavelockedtheevilsout,butinsodoingwehavelockedourselvesin.我們不信任任何人。郊區(qū)的家庭主婦在客貨兩用車鑰匙鏈上掛著防強(qiáng)暴口哨。我們在自我防衛(wèi)方面變得如此聰明，最終聰明反被聰明誤。我們或許是把邪惡鎖在了門外，但在這么做的同時(shí)我們把自己鎖在里邊了。Thatmaybethelegacywerememberbestwhenwelookbackonthisage:Indealingwiththeunseenhorrorsamongus,webecameprisonersofourselves.Allofusprisoners,inthistimeofourtroubles.那也許是我們將來回顧這一時(shí)代時(shí)記得最牢的精神遺產(chǎn):在對付我們中間無形的恐懼之時(shí)，我們成了自己的囚徒。在我們這個(gè)問題重重的時(shí)代，所有的人都是囚徒。Unit5WritingThreeThank-YouLettersTextAAlexHaleyservedintheCoastGuardduringWorldWarll.Onanespeciallylonelydaytobeatsea--ThanksgivingDay--hebegantogiveseriousthoughttoaholidaythathasbecome,formanyAmericans,adayofovereatingandwatchingendlessgamesoffootball.HaleydecidedtocelebratethetruemeaningofThanksgivingbywritingthreeveryspecialletters.亞歷克斯?黑利二戰(zhàn)時(shí)在海岸警衛(wèi)隊(duì)服役。出海在外，時(shí)逢一個(gè)倍感孤寂的日子一一感恩節(jié)，他開始認(rèn)真思考起這一節(jié)日的意義。對許多美國人而言，這個(gè)節(jié)日已成為大吃大喝、沒完沒了地看橄欖球比賽的日子。黑利決定寫三封不同尋常的信，以此來紀(jì)念感恩節(jié)的真正意義。WritingThreeThank-YouLettersAlexHaleyItwas1943,duringWorldWarII,andIwasayoungU.S.coastguardsman.Myship,theUSSMurzim,hadbeenunderwayforseveraldays.Mostofherholdscontainedthousandsofcartonsofcannedordriedfoods.Theotherholdswereloadedwithfive-hundred-poundbombspackeddelicatelyinpaddedracks.OurdestinationwasabigbaseontheislandofTulagiintheSouthPacific.寫三封感謝信亞利克斯?黑利那是在二戰(zhàn)期間的1943年，我是個(gè)年輕的美國海岸警衛(wèi)隊(duì)隊(duì)員。我們的船，美國軍艦軍市一號已出海多日。多數(shù)船艙裝著成千上萬箱罐裝或風(fēng)干的食品。其余的船艙裝著不少五百磅重的炸彈，都小心翼翼地放在墊過的架子上。我們的目的地是南太平洋圖拉吉島上一個(gè)規(guī)模很大的基地。IwasoneoftheMurzim'sseveralcooksand,quitethesameasforfolkashore,thisThanksgivingmorninghadseenusbusilypreparingatraditionaldinnerfeaturingroastturkey.我是軍市一號上的一個(gè)廚師，踉岸上的人一樣，那個(gè)感恩節(jié)的上午，我們忙著在準(zhǔn)備一道以烤火雞為主的傳統(tǒng)菜肴。Well,asanycookknows,it'salotofhardworktocookandserveabigmeal,andcleanupandputeverythingaway.Butfinally,aroundsundown,wefinishedatlast.當(dāng)廚師的都知道，要烹制一頓大餐，擺上桌，再刷洗、收拾干凈，是件辛苦的事。不過，等到太陽快下山時(shí)，我們總算全都收拾停當(dāng)了。IdecidedfirsttogooutontheMurzim'safterdeckforabreathofopenair.Imademywayoutthere,breathingingreat,deepdraughtswhilewalkingslowlyabout,stillwearingmywhitecook'shat.我想先去后甲板透透氣。我信步走去，一邊深深呼吸著空氣，一邊慢慢地踱著步，頭上仍戴著那頂白色的廚師帽。IgottothinkingaboutThanksgiving,ofthePilgrims,Indians,wildturkeys,pumpkins,cornonthecob,andtherest. 我開始思索起感恩節(jié)這個(gè)節(jié)日來，想著清教徒前輩移民、印第安人、野火雞、南瓜、玉米棒等等。Yetmymindseemedtobeinquestofsomethingelse--somewaythatIcouldpersonallyapplytothecloseofThanksgiving.Itmusthavetakenmeahalfhourtosensethatmaybesomekeytoananswercouldresultfromreversingtheword"Thanksgiving"--atleastthatsuggestedaverbaldirection,"Givingthanks."可我腦子里似乎還在搜索著別的事什么一一某種我能夠賦予這一節(jié)日以個(gè)人意義的方式。大概過了半個(gè)小時(shí)左右我才意識到，問題的關(guān)鍵也許在于把Thanksgiving這個(gè)字前后顛倒一下一一那樣一來至少文字好懂了：GivingthanksoGivingthanks--asinpraying,thankingGod,Ithought.Yes,ofcourse.Certainly.表達(dá)謝意一一就如在祈禱時(shí)感謝上帝那樣，我暗想。對啊，是這樣，當(dāng)然是這樣。Yetmymindcontinuedturningtheideaover.可我腦子里仍一直盤桓著這事。Afterawhile,likeadawn'sbrightening,afurtheranswerdidcome--thattherewerepeopletothank,peoplewhohaddonesomuchformethatIcouldneverpossiblyrepaythem.TheembarrassingtruthwasI'dalwaysjustacceptedwhatthey'ddone,takenallofitforgranted.NotonetimehadIeverbotheredtoexpresstoanyofthemsomuchasasimple,sincere"Thankyou."過了片刻，如同晨曦初現(xiàn)，一個(gè)更清晰的念頭終于涌現(xiàn)腦際一一要感謝他人，那些賜我以諸多恩惠，我根本無以回報(bào)的人們。令我深感不安的實(shí)際情形是，我向來對他們所做的一切受之泰然，認(rèn)為是理所應(yīng)當(dāng)。我一次也沒想過要對他們中的任何一位真心誠意地說一句簡單的謝謝。Atleastsevenpeoplehadbeenparticularlyandlastinglyhelpfultome.Irealized,swallowinghard,thatabouthalfofthemhadsincedied--sotheywereforeverbeyondanypossibleexpressionofgratitudefromme.ThemoreIthoughtaboutit,themoreashamedIbecame.ThenIpicturedthethreewhowerestillaliveand,withinminutes,Iwasdowninmycabin.至少有七個(gè)人對我有過不同尋常、影響深遠(yuǎn)的幫助。令人難過的是，我意識到，他們中有一半已經(jīng)過世了一一因此他們永遠(yuǎn)也無法接受我的謝意了。我越想越感到羞愧。最后我想到了仍健在的三位，幾分鐘后，我就回到了自己的艙房。Sittingatatablewithwritingpaperandmemoriesofthingseachhaddone,Itriedcomposinggenuinestatementsofheartfeltappreciationandgratitudetomydad,SimonA.Haley,aprofessorattheoldAgriculturalMechanicalNormalCollegeinPineBluff,Arkansas;tomygrandma,CynthiaPalmer,backinourlittlehometownofHenning,Tennessee;andtotheRev.LonualNelson,mygrammarschoolprincipal,retiredandlivinginRipley,sixmilesnorthofHenning.我坐在攤著信紙的桌旁，回想著他們各自對我所做的一切，試圖用真摯的文字表達(dá)我對他們的由衷的感激之情：父親西蒙?A?黑利，阿肯色州派因布拉夫那所古老的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械師范學(xué)院的教授；住在田納西州小鎮(zhèn)亨寧老家的外祖母辛西婭?帕爾默；以及我的文法學(xué)校校長，退休后住在亨寧以北6英里處的里普利的洛紐爾?納爾遜牧師。Thetextsofmylettersbegansomethinglike,"Here,thisThanksgivingatsea,Ifindmythoughtsuponhowmuchyouhavedoneforme,butIhaveneverstoppedandsaidtoyouhowmuchIfeeltheneedtothankyou--"AndbrieflyIrecalledforeachofthemspecificactsperformedonmybehalf.我的信是這樣開頭的：“出海在外度過的這個(gè)感恩節(jié)，令我回想起您為我做了那么多事，但我從來沒有對您說過自己是多么想感謝您一一”我簡短回憶了各位為我所做的具體事例。Forinstance,somethinguppermostaboutmyfatherwashowhehadimpresseduponmefromboyhoodtolovebooksandreading.Infact,thisgraduatedintoafamilyhabitofafter-dinnerquizzesatthetableaboutbooksreadmostrecentlyandnewwordslearned.Myloveofbooksneverdiminishedandlaterledmetowardwritingbooksmyself.SomanytimesIhavefeltasadnesswhenexposedtomodernchildrensoimmersedintheelectronicmediathattheyhavelittleornoawarenessofthemarvelousworldtobediscoveredinbooks.例如，我父親的最不同尋常之處在于，從我童年時(shí)代起，他就讓我深深意識到要熱愛書籍、熱愛閱讀。事實(shí)上，這一愛好漸漸變成一種家庭習(xí)慣，晚飯后大家圍在餐桌旁互相考查近日所讀的書以及新學(xué)的單詞。我對書籍的熱愛從未減弱，日后還引導(dǎo)我自己撰文著書。多少次，當(dāng)我看到如今的孩子們?nèi)绱顺撩杂陔娮用襟w時(shí)，我不由深感悲哀，他們很少，或者根本不了解書中所能發(fā)現(xiàn)的神奇世界。IremindedtheReverendNelsonhoweachmorninghewouldopenourlittlecountrytown'sgrammarschoolwithaprayeroverhisassembledstudents.ItoldhimthatwhateverpositivethingsIhaddonesincehadbeeninfluencedatleastinpartbyhismorningschoolprayers.我踉納爾遜牧師提及他如何每天清晨和集合在一起的學(xué)生做禱告，以此開始鄉(xiāng)村小學(xué)的一天。我告訴他，我后來所做的任何有意義的事，都至少部分地是受了他那些學(xué)校晨禱的影響。Inthelettertomygrandmother,Iremindedherofadozenwayssheusedtoteachmehowtotellthetruth,toshare,andtobeforgivingandconsiderateofothers.Ithankedherfortheyearsofeatinghergoodcooking,theequalofwhichIhadnotfoundsince.Finally,Ithankedhersimplyforhavingsprinkledmylifewithstardust.在給外祖母的信中，我談到了她用了種種方式教我講真話，教我與人分享，教我寬恕、體諒他人。我感謝她多年來讓我吃到她燒的美味菜肴，離開她后我從來沒吃過那么可口的菜肴。最后，我感謝她，因?yàn)樗谖业纳腥鱿旅烂畹腻谙?。BeforeIslept,mythreeletterswentintoourship'sofficemailsack.TheygotmailedwhenwereachedTulagiIsland.睡覺前，我的這三封信都送進(jìn)了船上的郵袋。我們抵達(dá)圖拉吉島后都寄了出去。Weunloadedcargo,reloadedwithsomethingelse,thenagainweputtoseaintheroutinefamiliartous,andasthedaysbecameweeks,mylittlepersonalexperiencereceded.Sometimes,whenwewereatsea,amailshipwouldrendezvousandbringusmailfromhome,which,ofcourse,weaccordedtopmostpriority.我們卸了貨，又裝了其它物品，隨后我們按熟悉的常規(guī)，再次出海。一天又一天，一星期又一星期，我個(gè)人的經(jīng)歷漸漸淡忘。我們在海上航行時(shí)，有時(shí)會與郵船會合，郵船會帶給我們家信，當(dāng)然這是我們視為最緊要的事情。Everytimetheship'sloudspeakerrasped,"Attention!Mailcall!"twohundred-oddshipmatescamepoundingupondeckandclusteredaboutthetwoseamen,standingbythosepreciousbulginggraysacks.Theywerealternatelypullingoutfistfulsoflettersandbarkingsuccessivenamesofsailorswhowere,inturn,shoutingback"Here!Here!"amidthepushing.每當(dāng)船上的喇叭響起：“大伙聽好！郵件點(diǎn)名！”200名左右的水兵就會沖上甲板，圍聚在那兩個(gè)站在寶貴的鼓鼓囊囊的灰色郵袋旁的水手周圍。兩人輪流取出一把信，大聲念收信水手的名字，叫到的人從人群當(dāng)中擠出，一邊應(yīng)道：“來了，來了！”O(jiān)ne"mailcall"broughtmeresponsesfromGrandma,Dad,andtheReverendNelson--andmyreadingoftheirlettersleftmenotonlyastonishedbutmorehumbledthanbefore.一次“郵件點(diǎn)名”帶給我外祖母，爸爸，以及納爾遜牧師的回信一一我讀了信，既震驚又深感卑微。RatherthansayingtheywouldforgivethatIhadn'tpreviouslythankedthem,instead,forPete'ssake,theywerethankingme--forhavingremembered,forhavingconsideredtheyhaddoneanythingsoexceptional.他們沒有說他們原諒我以前不曾感謝他們，相反，他們向我致謝，天哪，就因?yàn)槲矣浀?，就因?yàn)槲艺J(rèn)為他們做了不同尋常的事。Alwaysthecollegeprofessor,mydadhadcarefullyavoidedanythingheconsideredtoo