雌鼠孕育期HAART藥物暴露對(duì)母子鼠心臟毒性及甘草甜素保護(hù)效應(yīng)

雌鼠孕育期HAART藥物暴露對(duì)母子鼠心臟毒性及甘草甜素保護(hù)效應(yīng)摘要：背景：艾滋病母親血液中的人類免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）可通過胎盤傳遞給胎兒。高活性抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒療法（HAART）藥物可降低母嬰傳播率，但其對(duì)母體和胎兒的心臟毒性尚未明確。甘草甜素作為一種天然草藥，具有保護(hù)心臟功能。

方法：使用30只雌鼠；實(shí)驗(yàn)組接受NAART治療，對(duì)照組不接受治療。隨訪孕育期心臟功能，評(píng)估NAART藥物在孕育期的心臟毒性，研究甘草甜素在保護(hù)心臟功能上的作用。

結(jié)果：實(shí)驗(yàn)組鼠的血液動(dòng)力學(xué)指標(biāo)和心臟形態(tài)學(xué)指標(biāo)較對(duì)照組低，胎兒生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育較差，胚胎吸收率較高。甘草甜素能夠減輕實(shí)驗(yàn)組鼠的心臟毒性，提高母鼠和胎鼠的心臟功能。

結(jié)論：NAART藥物暴露在雌鼠孕育期中，會(huì)對(duì)母體和胎兒的心臟健康造成重大影響。甘草甜素可能具有保護(hù)心臟功能的作用。

關(guān)鍵詞：NAART，母子鼠，孕育期，心臟毒性，甘草甜素

Abstract:

Background:Humanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)inthebloodofDSmotherscanbetransmittedtofetusesthroughtheplacenta.Highlyactiveantiretroviraltherapy(HAART)canreducethemother-to-childtransmissionrate,butitscardiactoxicitytomothersandfetusesisnotclear.Glycyrrhetinicacid,asanaturalherb,hascardioprotectiveeffects.

Method:Thirtyfemalemiceareused;theexperimentalgroupreceivesHAARTtreatment,andthecontrolgroupdoesnotreceivetreatment.ThecardiacfunctionduringpregnancyisfolloweduptoevaluatethecardiactoxicityofHAARTdrugsduringpregnancyandstudytheeffectofglycyrrhetinicacidinprotectingcardiacfunction.

Result:Thehemodynamicandcardiacmorphologicalindicatorsoftheexperimentalgrouparelowerthanthoseofthecontrolgroup,andthefetalgrowthanddevelopmentarepoor,andtheembryoabsorptionrateishigher.Glycyrrhetinicacidcanreducethecardiactoxicityoftheexperimentalgroupandimprovethecardiacfunctionofmotherandfetus.

Conclusion:ExposuretoHAARTdrugsinthefemalemouse'spregnancyperiodwillhaveasignificantimpactonthecardiachealthofthemotherandthefetus.Glycyrrhetinicacidmayhaveacardioprotectiveeffect.

Keywords:HAART,micemotherandfetus,pregnancyperiod,cardiactoxicity,glycyrrhetinicacidTheuseofhighlyactiveantiretroviraltherapy(HAART)drugsduringpregnancyisessentialinpreventingmother-to-childtransmissionofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV).However,thesedrugscanhaveadverseeffectsonboththemotherandthedevelopingfetus.ThisstudyaimedtoinvestigatethecardiactoxicityofHAARTdrugsonpregnantmiceandtodeterminethepotentialcardioprotectiveeffectsofglycyrrhetinicacid.

TheresultsofthisstudyshowedthatexposuretoHAARTdrugsduringpregnancyledtoasignificantincreaseincardiactoxicityinboththemotherandthefetus.Thiswasevidencedbyadecreaseincardiacfunctionandanincreaseinembryoabsorptionrateintheexperimentalgroupcomparedtothecontrolgroup.

However,treatmentwithglycyrrhetinicacidwasfoundtohaveacardioprotectiveeffect.ItreducedthecardiactoxicityoftheHAARTdrugsandimprovedthecardiacfunctionofboththemotherandfetus.ThissuggeststhatglycyrrhetinicacidmaybeapotentialtherapeuticagentinpreventingcardiactoxicityassociatedwiththeuseofHAARTdrugsduringpregnancy.

Inconclusion,thisstudyhighlightstheimportanceofmonitoringpregnantwomenonHAARTdrugsforpotentialcardiactoxicity.Italsoprovidesevidenceforthepotentialuseofglycyrrhetinicacidasacardioprotectiveagentinthispopulation.FurtherresearchisneededtoestablishthesafeandeffectiveuseofthiscompoundinpregnantwomenonHAARTdrugsWhileHIVinfectionitselfcancausedamagetotheheart,theuseofHAARTdrugscanalsoleadtocardiotoxicity.Thisisofparticularconcerninpregnantwomen,whorequiretreatmenttopreventmother-to-childtransmissionbutalsoneedtoprotectboththeirownhealthandthatofthedevelopingfetus.AstheuseofHAARTdrugsduringpregnancyisbecomingmorecommon,itisimportanttoidentifypotentialcardioprotectiveagentsthatcanbeusedalongsideexistingtherapies.

Glycyrrhetinicacidisonesuchagentthathasshownpromiseinpreclinicalstudies.Itworksbyinhibitingatypeofenzymecalled11β-HSD2,whichisresponsibleforinactivatingcortisolintheheart.Byblockingthisenzyme,glycyrrhetinicacidincreasestheavailabilityofcortisolintheheart,whichinturncanprotectagainstcardiotoxicity.

Whilethesepreclinicalfindingsarepromising,moreresearchisneededtoestablishthesafetyandefficacyofglycyrrhetinicacidinpregnantwomentakingHAARTdrugs.Thiswillrequirewell-designedclinicaltrialsthatassessbothmaternalandfetaloutcomes,includingpotentialadverseeffectsanddruginteractions.

Inthemeantime,pregnantwomenonHAARTdrugsshouldcontinuetobecloselymonitoredforsignsofcardiotoxicity.Thismayinvolveregularheartfunctiontesting,suchaselectrocardiogramsorechocardiograms,todetectanyabnormalitiesearlyon.Ifcardiotoxicityisdetected,treatmentoptionsmayincludeadjustingthedoseortypeofHAARTdrug,orswitchingtoadifferentantiretroviralregimenaltogether.

Overall,whiletheuseofHAARTdrugsduringpregnancyisessentialtopreventmother-to-childtransmissionofHIV,itisimportanttobeawareofthepotentialforcardiotoxicity.GlycyrrhetinicacidmayofferapromisingadjuncttherapyforpregnantwomenonHAARTdrugs,butfurtherresearchisneededtoestablishitssafetyandefficacyinthispopulationInadditiontothepotentialcardiotoxicityofHAARTdrugs,pregnantwomenwithHIVfaceotherchallengesinmanagingtheircondition.Forexample,theymaybeatincreasedriskforpretermlabor,lowbirthweightinfants,andobstetriccomplicationssuchaspreeclampsia.Additionally,womenwithHIVmaybemoresusceptibletoinfectionsduetotheircompromisedimmunesystems.

Toaddressthesechallenges,pregnantwomenwithHIVshouldreceivespecializedprenatalcarethatincludesregularmonitoringoftheirviralload,CD4count,andliverfunction.TheyshouldalsoreceivecounselingonhowtoreducetheirriskoftransmittingHIVtotheirbaby,includingadheringtotheirHAARTregimenandavoidingbreastfeeding.

Inaddition,pregnantwomenwithHIVmaybenefitfromadditionalinterventionstosupporttheiroverallhealthandwellbeing.Forexample,theymaybenefitfromnutritionalcounselingtosupporthealthyweightgainduringpregnancyandimprovetheirimmunefunction.TheymayalsobenefitfromcounselingandsupporttomanagetheemotionalandpsychologicalchallengesoflivingwithHIV.

Overall,whiletheuseofHAARTdrugsduringpregnancyisacriticalcomponentofpreventingmother-to-childtransmissionofHIV,itisimportantforhealthcareproviderstobeawareofthepotentialcardiovasculareffectsofthesedrugs.Newinterventions,suchasglycyrrhetinicacid,mayofferpromisingadjuncttherapiesformanagingtheseadverseeffects.However,moreresearchisneededtoestablishthesafetyandefficacyofthesetherapiesinpregnantwomen.Byprovidingspecializedprenatalcarethataddressestheuniquechall