2023年同等學(xué)力英語真題

2023年同等學(xué)力人員申請碩士學(xué)位英語水平全國統(tǒng)一考試試題PaperOne試卷一(90minutes)PartIDialogueCommunication(10minutes,10points)(略）PartIIVocabulary(10minutes,10points)SectionADirections：Inthissection,thereare10sentences，eachwithonewordorphraseunderlined.Choosetheonefromthe4choicesmarkedA,B，CandDthatbestkeepsthemeaningofthesentence.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.11. Byadvocatingmoderatechange,theythinkthattheycankeepconsumercostslow.A.reasonable B.radical C.immediate D.minimum12. Nuclearpower，withallitsinherentproblems，isstilltheonlyoptiontoguaranteeenoughenergyinthefuture.A.solution B.policy C.choice D.reason13. Thepromisedwageincreaseisbeingheldbackwhileitisexaminedbythegovernmenttoseeifitisgreaterthanthelawallows.A.dismissed B.delayed C.neglected D.rejected14. Safetyofficialshaveearnestlyquestionedwhethertheincreaseduseofsyntheticmaterialsheightenstheriskoffire.A.cautiously B.severely C.accurately D.seriously15. Thebookshiftedheroutlookfromsocialtospiritual，foritsthemewasthatbeforeyouchangeotherpeopleyouhavetochangeyourself.A.viewpoint B.vocation C.prospect D.preference16. RacingtheclockeverydayissuchanexhaustingeffortthatwhenIactuallyhaveafewfreemoments,Itendtocollapse.A.falldown B.fallill C.fallout D.fallbehind17. Thesenatoragreedthathissupportofthemeasurewouldjeopardizehischancesforreelection.A.benefit B.endanger C.hinder D.disturb18.Themicroscopeenablesscientiststodistinguishanincrediblenumberandvarietyofbacteria.A.unavoidable B.unchangeable C.unbelievable D.unpredictable19. HenoticedthatJoanwasstudyinghimclosely,butherexpressiongaveawaynothingofwhatshewasthinking.A.revealed B.disposed C.reminded D.distributed20. AtlastJohnSmithchosetostepdownasthecompany'schiefexecutiveandreturntohisrootsinsoftwareresearch.A.resign B.remove C.retire D.replaceSectionBDirections：Inthissectionthereare10incompletesentences.Foreachsentence，thereare4choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.21. Hisessayis__________withmorethan120full-colorphotographsthatdepictthenationalparkinallseasons.A.contained B.illustrated C.exposed D.strengthened22.Localgovernment__________couldbeobtainedthroughalocalincometaxand/oralocalsalestax.A.budget B.expense C.finance D.revenue23.Evenafterreadingitforthreetimeshecouldn’t___________themeaningofthatletter.A.conceive B.consult C.contrast D.concern24.Thetemperatureinthisareaislowenoughtoallowfallingsnowto__________andslowlytransformintoice.A.preserve B.accumulate C.melt D.spread25.Incalculatingthedailycalorierequirementsforanindividual,variationsinbodysize,physicalactivityandageshouldbe__________.A.broughtintopractice B.takenintoaccountC.thrownlighton D.lookeddownupon26.Theshygirlfeltquite_________anduncomfortablewhenshecouldnotanswertheInterviewer’squestion.A.amused B.sensitive C.curious D.awkward27. Thecoursesaimtogivegraduatesanup-to-dategraspoftheirsubjectand________laboratoryskills.A.superficial B.SubjectiveC.StructuralD.sophisticated28.Therewasnolightonthewayandforasecondshehesitated,unableto__________thedimfigureawaitingher.A.setout B.makeout C.pickup D.clearup29.Somepeopleapparentlyhaveanamazingabilityto__________therightanswer.A.comeupwith B.lookupto C.putupwith D.liveupto30.Ihadbeenauniversitystudentforthreeyears,butnotuntilthisafternoonhadIfeltthethrillof __________.A.Confusion B.disappointmentC.Sensation D.FulfillmentPartIIIReadingComprehension(45minutes,25points)Directions：Thereare5passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthem,thereare4choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestoneandmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.PassageOneTheymaybeoneofBritain'smostsuccessfulexportsandamongtheworld'smostpopularTVshows,rankingalongsidetheWorldCupFinalandtheOlympicGamesopeningceremonyintermsofaudience.But,inBritain,beautycompetitionsareunfashionable.Tomostpeople,beautycontestsseemasout-datedasbowing.NicolasBaker,alawyerinLondon,saidthat“AsmuchasIthinkit'sfineforwomentodoit.Idon'tthinkit'sinterestingandinfact,Ithinkthey'reirrelevanttotoday”.Lastyear,MissWorldwasbroadcastto142countries,butitwasn’tevenshowninthiscountrywhereitstartedin1951.Itwasn’talwaysthiswayinBritain.Once，beautyqueensdatedfootballers,traveledtheworldandwereguaranteedfame,fortuneandfun.Now,theyopennewsupermarkets,aresponsoredbydry-cleaningcompaniesand,ifthey’relucky,theygetfreeclothesfromsupermarkets.WhenFrancescaMarchantwascrownedMissSussexin1969,itwassomethingtobeextremelyproudof“Icamefromasmalltown,andallmyfriendsweregreenwithenvywhentheyfoundoutI'dwon.Myboyfriendatthetimethoughtitwasterrificandboastedtoeveryonethathewasgoingoutwithabeautyqueen.”Butthegoodtimescouldn'tlast.Thefeministmovementgatheredmomentum.Somewomenweredeterminedtobringanendtothese“cattleshows”.Nowadays,sayingthatyouwereabeautyqueenjustdoesn'tsoundgood.MissWorldorganizersclaimthatcontestantsarejudgedonqualitiesotherthanjusttheirphysicalappearance.But,JacquelineGold,England'srepresentativeatthisyear'scontest,wasnotchosenbecauseofheracademicrecord.TheMissWorldWebsitestatesthatshe“l(fā)eftschoolhavinggainedmanycomputerqualifications,andcertificatesinFirstAidandLifeSaving”,meaning,notmuchofaneducation.Theonlytimethecontestsattractattentionnowisbecauseoftheprotesters.Atthe1999MissWorldinBritain,around60demonstratorshurledflourbombsandfoughtwiththepolice.Theydenouncedthebeautycontestasa“sexistcattlemarket”.Theywavedbannerssaying“fatgirlsarecool”and“women'sbodiesarenotforsale”.31. BeautycontestsinBritainarenow__________. A.bringinghugebenefitsforthecountryB.aspopularastheWorldCupFinalC.nolongerpopularinthecountry D.widelyprotestedinthecountry32. TheattitudeofNicolasBakertowardsbeautycontestsisthat_______.A.womenshouldn'tattendthecontestsB.thecontestsarefinebuthedoesn'tlikethemC.thecontestsareinsultstowomenD.thecontestsarebehindthetimes33. Inthe1960sand1970s,beautyqueens_________. .A.weresponsoredbydry-cleaningcompaniesB.wereadmiredbymostpeopleC.didnothaveagoodreputationD.gotfreeclothesfromsupermarkets34. TheauthorusedJacquelineGoldasanexampletoshowthat_________.A.heracademicrecordwasverystrongB.shehadgainedmanyqualificationsandcertificatesC.contestantsarejudgedontheirphysicalappearanceD.contestantsarejudgedontheireducation35. Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe_________.A.BeautyContests:InsultstoWomenB.BeautyContests:SexistCattleMarketC.BeautyContests:AHeadacheforBritishPeopleD.BeautyContests:StartedinBritainbutUnpopularNowPassageTwoAparticularareainwhichassumptionsandvaluesdifferbetweenculturesisthatoffriendship.FriendshipsamongAmericanstendtobeshorterandlessintensethanthoseamongpeoplefrommanyothercultures.Atleastmanyobserversfromabroadhavethisimpression.BecauseAmericansaretaughttobeself-reliant,becausetheyliveinaverymobilesociety,andformanyotherreasonsaswell，theytendtoavoiddeepinvolvementwithotherpeople.Furthermore,Americanstendto“compartmentalize”theirfriendships,havingtheir“friendsatwork”,“friendsatschool”,a“tennisfriend”,andsoon.Americansoftenseemveryfriendly,evenwhenyoufirstmeetthem.ThisfriendlinessdoesnotusuallymeanthattheAmericanislookingforadeeperrelationship.Theresultoftheseattitudesandbehaviorsissometimesviewedbyforeignersasan“inabilitytobefriends”.Othertimesitisseenasanormalwaytoretainpersonalhappinessinamobile,ever-changingsociety.Peoplenormallyhaveintheirmindsstereotypesaboutpeoplewhoaredifferentfromthemselves.Stereotypesarebasedonlimitedandincompleteexperienceandinformation,buttheyshapepeople'sthoughtsandexpectations.Americanshavemanystereotypesaboutforeignstudentsingeneral(forexample,thattheyareveryhard-working,intelligent,andrich；thattheydonotspeakEnglishwell)andaboutparticularcategoriesofforeignstudents(Chinesearepoliteandgoodatmathematics,forexample,orItaliansareemotional).AndforeignstudentshavetheirownstereotypesofAmericans,forexample,thattheyarearrogant，rude,andgenerous.Therearetwostereotypesthatofteneffectmale-femalerelationshipsinvolvingU.S.andforeignstudents.Thefirstistheidea,heldbysomeforeignmales,thatAmericanfemalesareinvariablywilling,ifnotanxioustohavesex.Thesecondcommonstereo-type,heldbysomeAmericanfemales,isthatmaleforeignstudentshavenointerestinAmericanfemalesotherthanhavingsexwiththem.Theexistenceoftheseandotherstereotypescangiverisetoconsiderablemisunderstandingandcanblockthedevelopmentofamutuallysatisfactoryrelationshipbetweenparticularindividuals.Stereotypesseemunavoidablegiventhewaythehumanmindseekstocategorizeandclassifyinformation,soitisnotrealistictosupposepeoplecan“forgettheirstereotypes”.Buttheycanbeawareoftheirstereotypes,andbereadytofindexceptionstothem.36. Concerningfriendship,Americans_________. A.lookforadeeperrelationshipinaclosecircleB.avoiddeeprelationshipwithotherpeople C.arefriendlyatfirstbutdonotremainsolateronD.donotmakegoodfriends37. Theword“compartmentalize”inthefirstparagraphmeans“_________"A.separateincategories B.treatdifferently C.evaluateaccordingly D.judgefairly38. Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheAmericantypeoffriendshipseemstobe________. A.approving B.critical C.biased D.objective Accordingtotheauthor,stereotypesconcerningmale-femalerelationshipsinvolvingU.S.andforeignstudentsare_______.A.helpful B.meaningless C.Harmful D.useless40. Accordingtotheauthor,stereotypesseemunavoidablebecause________.A.itisnaturaltohavethem B.itisnoteasytofindexceptions C.theyprovidebetterunderstanding D.theycontributetofriendshipPassageThree InTheBirthOrderBook:WhyYouAretheWayYouAre(2023),Dr.KevinLemannotesthat21ofthefirst23Americansinspacewerefirst-bornmalesoronlychildren.MorethanhalfofUnitedStatespresidentshavebeenfirstbornsorfirst-bornboys.It’saprettysignificantfindinghistorically,becausefamiliesusedtobebiggerthantheyaretoday.Inadditiontobeinghighachievers,olderchildrenalsogenerallyhavehigherIQs(智商）thanyoungerones.Researchershavenotedthatthemorekidsafamilyhas,thelowereachchild'sindividualIQtendstobe.Theygiveafewreasonsforthis.Parentsonlyhavesomuchtime,attention,andmoney.Themorekidstheyhave,themorethesethingsaredivided.First-bornsinitiallygettheentireparental-timepic.What’smore,theratioofgrown-upstokidsdecreaseswitheachnewbaby.Sotheyoungeronesaresurroundedbymorechildren'slanguageonaveragethantheolderkids.Someresearchersthinkparentalattentionisthekeytopersonalitybirth-orderdifferences.InhisbookBorntoRebel,psychologistFrankSullowaysayscompetitionforMomandDad’sattentionisthethingthatreallyshapesourpersonalitiesand,infacthasshapedhistory.HearguesthatweadaptourpersonalitiesaspartofourstrategytoseekfavorfromMomandDad.Youngersiblings(兄弟姐妹）tendtobecomerebels.Sullowaystudiedpoliticalactivistsandfoundthatlater-bornactivistsweremoreradicalthantheirfirst-bornpeers.Theconclusionofhisbookisthatsiblingcompetitionforparentalattentioncanaffectsocietyasawholeintimesofrevolution.ThomasJefferson,KarlMarx,andFidelCastrowereallyoungersiblings,forexample.Ascompellingasthisallis,it'salsosomethingweshouldprobablytakewithcaution,thereareotherthingsthathappentousinlifebesidestheadditionofsiblingstoourfamilies.Aparentcandie;ahurricanecanleaveushomeless;wecancatchalife-threateningdisease.Anyoneofthesethingswillprobablyhavemoreofaneffectonourpersonalitiesthanthepresenceofsiblings.A2023studyborethisout.Afterinterviewing535undergraduates,researchersconcludedthatpersonalitydifferencesrelatedtobirthorderwere“folklore”,althoughIQandachievementdifferenceswerewidelysupportedbyresearch.41. Whatisimpliedby“theyoungeronesaresurroundedbymorechildren’slanguageon averagethantheolderkids”(Para.3)?A.Youngerchildrenneedparentalratherthansiblings’attention.B.Youngerchildrenneedsiblings’ratherthanparentalattention.C.Youngerchildrenfeeluncomfortablewithmoresiblings.D.Youngerchildrenhavelesschancetotalkwiththeirparents.42. Sulloway,authorofBorntoRebel,suggeststhatyoungersiblings_________.A.tryhardtogetattentionfromtheirparentsB.arelesslikelytoshapehistoryC.arewinnersingettingparentalattentionD.seldomadapttheirpersonalities43. WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasafactorshapingpersonality?A.Deathofaparent. B.Children’slanguage.C.naturaldisaster. D.Afataldisease.44. Whatisthemeaningof“folklore”inthelastparagraph?A.Traditionalcustomsandbeliefs. B.Verifiedhypotheses.C.Widelyheldunsupportednotions. D.Talesofsayingspreservedorally.45. Whichofthefollowingstatementsisproposedbyresearchers? A.Later-bornsdonotcompeteforattention. B.First-bornstendtobecomerebels. C.Later-bornsarepronetodiseases. D.First-bornsachievemorethanyoungerones.PassageFourDoesmoneybuyhappiness?It’ssometimessaidthatscientistshavefoundnorelationshipbetweenmoneyandhappiness,butthat'samyth,saysUniversityofTheconnectioniscomplex.Infact,veryrichpeopleratesubstantiallyhigherinsatisfactionwithlifethanverypoorpeopledo,evenwithinwealthynations,hesays.“Thereisoverwhelmingevidencethatmoneybuyshappiness,”saideconomistAndrewOswaldoftheUniversityofWarwickinEngland.Themaindebate,hesaid,ishowstrongtheeffectis.OswaldrecentlyreportedastudyofBritonswhowonbetween$2,000and$250,000inalottery(彩票抽獎）.Asagroup，theyshowedaboostinhappinessaveragingabitmorethanonepointona36-pointscalewhensurveyedtwoyearsaftertheirwin,comparedtotheirlevelstwoyearsbeforetheywon.DanielKahneman,aNobel-PrizewinnerandPrincetoneconomist,andcolleagues,recentlydeclaredthatthenotionthatmakingalotofmoneywillproducegoodoverallmoodis“mostlyillusory”.Theynotedthatinonestudy,membersofthehigh-incomegroupwerealmosttwiceaslikelytocallthemselves“veryhappy”aspeoplefromhouseholdswithincomesbelow$20,000.Butotherstudies，ratherthanaskingforasummaryestimateofhappiness,followpeoplethroughthedayandrepeatedlyrecordtheirfeelings.Thesestudiesshowlesseffectofincomeonhappiness.Kahnemanandcolleaguessaid.Thereisstillanothertwisttothemoney-happinessstory.Eventhoughpeoplewhomake$150,000areconsiderablyhappierthanthosewhomake$40,000,it'snotclearwhy,sayspsychologistRichardE.LucasofMichiganResearchersconcludethatanyeffectofmoneyonhappinessissmallerthanmostdaydreamersassume.“Peopleexaggeratehowmuchhappinessisboughtbyanextrafewthousand,”O(jiān)swaldsaid.“Thequalityofrelationshipshasafarbiggereffectthanquitelargerisesinsalary...It’smuchbetteradvice,ifyou’relookingforhappinessinlife,totrytofindtherighthusbandorwifethantotrytodoubleyoursalary.”46. Themainpurposeofthispassageistodiscuss_________. .A.thecontributionsofhouseholdincomestohappiness B.thecomplexrelationshipbetweenmoneyandhappiness C.thepositiverelationsofmoneytohappiness D.thenegativerelationsofmoneytohappiness47. AndrewOswald’sstudy__________. A.provesmoneyhaslittleeffectonhappiness B.givesevidencethatmoneybuyshappiness C.rejectstherelationbetweenmoneyandhappiness D.showsthatlotterybringspeoplehappiness48. Theword“illusory”(Para.4)isclosestinmeaningto“_________”.A.dramatic B.ordinary C.drastic D.imaginary49. AccordingtoLucas,richerpeople’shappiness__________.A.comesfromtheirhighincomeB.maynotbedirectlyrelatedtotheirhighincome .C.isboostedbytheirhighincomeD.isnotderivedfromtheirhighincome50. AccordingtoOswald,amoreimportantfactorinbringingabouthappinessmaybegood__________.A.health B.feelings C.marriage D.salariesPassageFive WhenFrankDaletookoveraspublisherofLosAngelesHerrald-Examiner,theorganizationhadjustendedaten-yearstrike.Therewasmuchbitternessand,ashetoldus.“EverybodythatIfoundtherehadlosttheircuriosity.They'dlosttheircuttingedge.Therewasnointerest.Theyjusthungon...Ihadarealproblem.”Hisveryfirsttaskwastointroducehimselftoeverybody,tothankthemfortheirloyaltytothatpoint,andtoal-lowthemtoexpresstheirconcernsandfrustrations.Toquestionslike“Whatmakesyouthinkyoucanmakethisthinggo?”heresponded,“Idon’tknowyet,butinthirtydaysI'llcomebacktoyouandletyouknowwhatI'vefound.”HerecruitedataskforceofthebestpeoplefromthroughouttheHearstCorporationtodoacrashstudy,andinthirtydayshehadawrittenreportonwhatneededtobedone,whichhesharedwiththestaff.Hehadtakentheall-importantfirststepstoestablishmutualtrust,withoutwhichleadershipwouldnothavebeenpossible. Trustistheemotionalgluethatbindsfollowersandleaderstogether.Theaccumulationoftrustisameasureofthelegitimacyofleadership.Itcannotbedemandedorpurchased;itmustbeearned.Trustisthebasicingredientofallorganizations,thelubricationthatmaintainstheorganization,anditisasmysteriousanddifficultaconceptasleadership—andasimportant. Onethingwecansayforsureabouttrustisthatiftrustistobegenerated,theremustbepredictability,thecapacitytopredictanother'sbehavior.AnotherwayofputtingitistosaythatorganizationswithouttrustwouldresembletheambiguousnightmareofKafka'sTheCastle,wherenothingcanbecertainandnobodycanbereliedonorbeheldresponsible.Theabilitytopredictoutcomeswithahighprobabilityofsuccessgeneratesandmaintainstrust.51. WhatwasFrankDale’sproblemwhenhebecamethepublisherofLosAngelesHerrald Examiner?A.Hehadlostinterestinhispublishingcareer.B.Hefoundithardtointroducehimselftoeveryone.C.LosAngelesHerrald-Examinerwasinextremedifficulty.D.LosAngelesHerrald-Examinerwasonaten-yearstrike.52. WhatwastheresultofFrankDale’sfirststeps?A.Mutualtrustwasestablished. B.Efficiencywasimproved.C.Ataskforcewasrecruited. D.Hispromiseswerefulfilled.53. Accordingtotheauthor,howcouldtrustbeestablished? A.Byeconomicmeans. B.Bylegitimatemeasures. C.Byauthoritativecommand. D.Byeffortoraction.54. Whatdoestheauthorthinkabouttrust? A.Itishardtoaccumulate. B.Itcanmakeorganizationsgo. C.Itcanhelpestablishauthority. D.Itisrelativelyeasytoacquire.55. ForwhatpurposeisKafka’sTheCastlementioned? A.Toshowpeople’sbehaviorsarepredictable. B.Todescribethenightmareofthestory. C.Todemonstratetheimportanceoftrust. D.Toprovenoonecanbereliedon. PartIVCloze(15minutes,15points) Directions：Inthispart,thereisapassagewith15blanks.Foreachblank,thereare4choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestanswerforeachblankandmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringAN-SWERSHEET. Theprocessofgainingorlosingweightcanbeexplainedbycomparingyourbodytoyourcar.Bothrun56fuel,foodforyourbodyandgasolineforyourcar.Both57thatfuel,firstintoheat,thenenergy，someof58isusedtodowork,andsomeemittedaswaste.And59yourcarusesmoreenergywhentheengineisracingthanwhenitisidling,60doesyourbodyusemoreenergywhenyouareworkinghardthan61youareresting. Forthepurposeofthiscomparison,62,thereisonesignificantdifferencebetweenthem.Yourcarcannotstorefuelbyturningitinto63else;allgasolinenot64remainsasgasoline.Butyourbodystores65energyasfat.Whenthegastankis66empty,thecarwon'trun;butyourbodycanburnfattoprovidemoreenergy. Therefore,ifyouwanttogainweight,youmustdo67oftwothings：eatmorecalories(unitsofheat,thereforeenergy),oruselessthrough68.Ifyouwanttoloseweight,you