一輪復(fù)習(xí)英語重大版學(xué)案學(xué)通語法第十講 名詞性從句

第十講名詞性從句單句語法填空1．(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)I’mnotsurewhoismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.2．(2018·北京高考單選)Withouthissupport,wewouldn’tbewherewearenow.3．(2018·江蘇高考單選)Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichishowwearrived.4．(2017·江蘇高考單選)Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfofwhatitusedtocharge.5．(2017·天津高考單選)Sheaskedmewhether/if_Ihadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn’t.6．(2017·北京高考單選)Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowingwhere_shewasheading.名詞性從句指的是在主句中起的作用相當(dāng)于名詞的從句，主要包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。一、主語從句1．引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞：從屬連詞that,whether/if；連接代詞what,who,whom,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等；連接副詞when,where,why,how,whenever等。①Thattheywereintruthsisterswasclearfromthefacialsimilaritybetweenthem.從她們的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她們真是親姐妹。②Whatstruckmemostinthemoviewasthefather’sdeeploveforhisson.影片中最打動我的是父親對他兒子深深的愛。2．主語從句一般放在句首，但有時也可用it作形式主語，而將主語從句移到句子的末尾。常見的句型：(1)It＋be＋形容詞(necessary/likely/important/uncertain等)＋that從句(2)It＋be＋名詞(短語)(apity/ashame/nowonder/nosurprise等)＋that從句(3)It＋be＋過去分詞(said/reported/decided/believed等)＋that從句(4)It＋不及物動詞(seem,appear,happen等)＋that從句①Itisuncertainwhatsideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.盡管大約兩千名患者已經(jīng)服用了這種藥，但是它會帶來什么樣的副作用還不清楚。②It’snosurprisethatourteamhaswonthegame.我們隊獲勝一點都不令人吃驚。③ItisdecidedthatthemeetingwillbeputofftillnextMonday.會議被推遲到下周一召開已經(jīng)定下來了。二、賓語從句1．引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連接詞：從屬連詞that,whether,if；連接代詞what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等；連接副詞when,where,why,how等；從句用陳述語序。①Wepromisewhoeverattendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.我們許諾，任何參加這個聚會的人都有跟那個電影明星合影的機會。②Itrulybelievethatbeautyesfromwithin.(2015·北京高考單選)我確信美來自內(nèi)在。③WemustfindoutwhenKarlising,sowecanbookaroomforhim.(2015·重慶高考單選)我們必須弄清楚卡爾什么時候來，以便我們可以為他預(yù)訂房間。2．it作形式賓語的賓語從句(1)一些動詞后的賓語從句有賓語補足語時，則需要用it作形式賓語，而將that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句后置。常見的這類動詞有：find,feel,think,consider,believe,guess,suppose,make等。Hehasmadeitclearthatthemeetingwillnotbepostponed.他清楚地表明會議不會被推遲。(2)動詞hate,like,dislike,appreciate,enjoy等表示“喜歡”、“厭惡”的動詞以及一些動詞短語seeto,dependon,relyon等常用it作形式賓語，而將賓語從句后置。Ishallseetoitthatheistakengoodcareofwhenyouareabsent.你不在的時候，我會確保把他照顧好。三、表語從句1．引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接詞：從屬連詞that,whether；連接代詞what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等；連接副詞when,where,why,how等；從句用陳述語序。①Thisiswhatmyfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.(2018·北京高考單選)這就是父親教我的——總是要面對困難，并且抱最大的希望。②I’dliketostartmyownbusiness—that’swhatI’ddoifIhadthemoney.我愿意自己創(chuàng)業(yè)——那就是如果我有錢將會做的事情。2．a(chǎn)sif/asthough引導(dǎo)的表語從句asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的表語從句常跟在be動詞，seem,look,taste,sound,feel,appear等動詞之后。Thethicksmogcoveredthewholecity.Itwasasifagreatblackblankethadbeenthrownoverit.濃霧覆蓋著整座城市。好像把一個巨大的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。3．because,why引導(dǎo)的表語從句because,why也可引導(dǎo)表語從句，但because引導(dǎo)的表語從句，主語不能是reason或cause(該結(jié)構(gòu)常用that引導(dǎo))。常用于以下句型：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(This/Thatis/waswhy...這/那是……的原因,This/Thatis/wasbecause...這/那是因為……,Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...,……的原因是……))①Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisisbecauseaboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.從太空中看，地球是藍(lán)色的。這是因為地球表面大約71%被水覆蓋。②Thereasonwhyhedidn’tpasstheexamwasthathewastoocareless.他沒有通過考試的原因是他太粗心了。四、同位語從句同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語，位于該名詞之后，用以說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。1．常見的后跟同位語從句的名詞有：advice建議conclusion結(jié)論 demand要求doubt懷疑 fact事實 hope希望idea主意information信息message消息news消息order命令possibility可能性promise諾言question問題request請求suggestion建議thought想法plan計劃①Imadeapromisetomyselfthatthisyear,myfirstyearinhighschool,wouldbedifferent.我對自己承諾：今年，我高中的第一年，會有所不同。②—Isthereanypossibilitythatyoucouldpickmeupattheairport?—Noproblem.——你有可能到機場接我嗎？——沒問題。2．引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連接詞有：that,whether,how,where,when,why等。①Evidencehasbeenfoundthroughyearsofstudythatchildren’searlysleepingproblemsarelikelytocontinuewhentheygrowup.通過多年的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：有證據(jù)表明孩子的早期睡眠問題很有可能會隨著他們的成長繼續(xù)下去。②Sheaskedaquestionwhytherewasadelay.她問了發(fā)生延誤的原因。③Ihavenoideawhenhewillebackhome.我不知道他什么時候回家。eq\a\vs4\al([名師指津])在同位語從句中，that,whether不作句子成分。that無實義，whether意為“是否”，if一般不引導(dǎo)同位語從句。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連接詞一般都不能省略。[典題精選][我來改正][常設(shè)誤點]①(2015·全國卷Ⅱ)Afterlookingatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.①where→that或去掉where(1)從屬連詞與連接副詞之間的錯用從屬連詞有that/whether/if等，連接副詞有when,where等。從屬連詞不作成分，而連接副詞作狀語。②Thatiswhichotherteacherssay.②which→what(2)連接代詞(what,which和who等)之間的錯用引導(dǎo)名詞性從句且在從句中作主語或賓語時應(yīng)用what(什么)；which(哪一個)；who(誰)等，注意它們之間意義的差別。③(2019·銀川一模)Foronething,thatyouarestudyingisbadlyneedednowadaysinourcountry.③that→what(3)that與what之間的錯用what在名詞性從句中可作主語、賓語或表語；而that本身沒有意義，不作任何成分，只起連接作用。④(2019·西南師大附中模擬)Thereisnodoubtwhetheritisofgreathelptotheirstudyandfuturelife.④whether→that(4)從屬連詞that與whether/if之間的錯用that不作成分，沒有實際意義；whether/if也不作成分但有實際意義，有“是否”之意。⑤(2018·遵義航天高級模擬)Andyoushouldalsohaveabeliefyouaresuretosucceedaslongasyoukeepyourdirectionallthetime.⑤在belief后加that(5)從屬連詞that的缺失that引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時一般不能省略，引導(dǎo)賓語從句時可以省略。eq\a\vs4\al([?？碱}點對點練])Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Itisoftenthecasethatanythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.2．Whenyouarereadingmakeanoteofwhatyouthinkisofgreatimportance.3．Themanagerputforwardasuggestionthatweshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.4．Iamnotinterestedinwhethertheybelieveinmeornot.5．Hehaslungdisease.Thatisbecausehehasbeensmokingtoomuch.6．Whatwecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwealreadyhave.7．Thenewboylookedattheteacherforafewsecondsandalltheotherstudentswonderedwhattheboywoulddo.8．Theproblemishowwecanimproveourreadingskillsinsuchashorttime.9．(2019·合肥二檢)WhatAmydidn’tknowwasthatherkindnesswouldsetoffachainreaction.10．WhenIlookeddownatmyfullcart(購物車)Iwonderedif/whetherIhadenoughmoneytopayforitall.11．(2019·石家莊一模)Finally,keepinmindthattherearemanythingsthatcan’tbelearntimmediately,andneverbefrustratedwhenyoufailinoneortwoexams.12．WhicheverofyouhasdifficultyunderstandingthesentencecanaskProfessorLiforhelp.Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Successpartlydependsonifyouhavethepatiencetodosimplethingsperfectly.if→whether2．Mysuggestionisweshouldhaveadiscussionaboutthismatterinsteadofjustlayingitaside.is后加that3．Wearethinkingaboutwhomcanbeadmittedintoourclub.Thenumberofmembersislimited.whom→who4．Hispromisewhichhewouldgiveawayhalfoftheyear’sinetothedisabledturnedoutalie.which→that5．(2019·合川區(qū)一診)Astimewenton,IrealizedwhatridiculousIhadbeenatthattime.what→how6．NowIamwritingtotellyouthatmycityhasdonetoreducetrafficjamsinthelastfewyears.that→all/what7．(2019·合肥一檢)Ifwetryourbesttogetahead,wewillbeabletoachievewhatwedesireit.去掉it8．(2018·合肥二檢)Themostbreathtakingmomentisthattheathletesaregettingtothefinishingline.that→when9．Asforme,whichmattersiswhetherwecanwinthegamewithoutthehelpfromtheteachers.which→what10．(2018·沈陽監(jiān)測)Therichmansaid,“I’mawealthyman.CanyoutellmethatwhyI’munhappy？”去掉thateq\a\vs4\al([高考題型綜合練])Ⅰ.語法填空(2018·東北三省三校一模)The“selfie”isusedtodescribetheself-takenphoto,oftenfromasmartphone.Someonetakesabout10selfieseachtimehedoes,andheonlyendsup__1__(post)oneortwoofthose.Hepickstheonethathefeelsmakehimlookthe__2__(good).Inthatpicture,hegainsconfidence.Forthatmoment,everythingbadorterriblethathashappenedtohim__3__(remove),becausethatsmileiswhatgiveshimthe__4__(determine)tolovehimself.Iread__5__poemrecentlyandtheyoungmansaid,“IfIaskyou__6__youlove,theanswerswillmostlikelyrolloffyourtongue.Youlovetoread.Youlovetowrite.Youloveyourmom,yourdaughter,oryourbestfriend.Howlongdoyouthinkyoucangoonandonbeforeyousay‘Ilove__7__(I)’？”Thatstatementhitmelikeatonofbricks.I’vestruggledwithconfidenceallmylife.Istilldo.Andin__8__wayamIsayingthattakingaselfieisagateway__9__confidence.__10__，theselfiedoesdeservesomecreditforallowingindividualstoexpressthemselves.語篇解讀：很多人會把自己滿意的自拍照發(fā)到網(wǎng)上去，他們認(rèn)為這樣可以使自己增強愛自己的決心。1．postingendupdoingsth.為固定用法，意為“以……而結(jié)束，最終做了某事”。2．best由語境可知此處表示從眾多自拍照中選一張自己認(rèn)為最好的，由此判斷此處應(yīng)用good的最高級。3．isremoved由語境可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，又因remove與everything為被動關(guān)系，故用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。4．determinationgivesb.sth.“給某人某物”。又根據(jù)設(shè)空處前的the也可判斷設(shè)空處應(yīng)用名詞。determination為不可數(shù)名詞，后面常用不定式作定語。5．a(chǎn)設(shè)空處的poem為可數(shù)名詞，在本句中表泛指，故與不定冠詞連用。6．what所填詞在賓語從句中作賓語，