國際保護(hù)機(jī)構(gòu)在生物多樣性保護(hù)方面的作用教材課件

TheroleofInternationalNGOsinbiodiversityconservationYanXieInstituteofZoology,ChineseAcademyofSciencesNationalGovernmentalAgenciesMinistryofEnvironmentalProtection(MEP)inchargeofintegratedmanagementofNaturereservesandwildplants.StateForestryAdministration(SFA)inchargeofmanagementofterrestrialwildanimals,BureauofFisheryofMOAforaquaticanimalsSFAforwildplantsinforestsandrarewildtreesoutsideofforests,MOAforotherwildplants.MinistryofConstruction(MOC)forwildplantsincityparks,ScenicLandscapeandHistoricalSitesResearchInstitutions研究單位ChineseAcademyofSciences中國科學(xué)院ChineseAcademyofAgricultureSciences中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究院UniversitiesandColleges大專院校UnderMEP:AcademyofEnvironmentalSciences環(huán)境科學(xué)院研究所UnderSFA:AcademyofForestry林業(yè)研究院NationalProgramsSixmajorprogrammesforconservation:(1)theNaturalForestsProtectionProgramme;(2)theDevelopingKeyProtectionForestSystemProgrammeintheareaof"ThreeNorths"(“Sanbei”)andMiddleandLowerYangtzeRiver;(3)theReturningFarmlandtoForests/GrasslandsProgramme;(4)theSandstormControlProgrammearoundBeijing;(5)theWildlifeProtectionandNatureReserveSystemDevelopmentProgramme;and(6)theProgrammeofForestryIndustryDevelopment.ChinaismakinggreateffortstopreventfurtherdegradationofenvironmentItisexpectedtoachieveover19%forestcoverby2010andover24%during2011-2030.Forestcoverhasincreasedto18%,from8.6%50yearsago.

ProtectedAreaSystemNatureReservesOver2000underchargesofmanysectorsCover15%terrestriallandofChinaForestParks1400underchargeofStateForestryAdministrationCoverover1%terrestriallandofChinaScenicLandscapeandHistoricalSites800underchargeofMinistryofConstructionCoverover1%terrestriallandofChinaInternationalNGOWildlifeConservationSociety(WCS)WorldConservationUnion(IUCN)WorldWideFund(WWF)fornatureFaunaandFloraInternational(FFI)TheNatureConservancy(TNC)國際野生生物保護(hù)學(xué)會

WCS

WildlifeConservationSociety

WCSprojectsaroundtheworld-------600+projects,approx.3000staff,workingin64countries.

Staffnumber:4200，NY1200，Globalover3000Africa 1,100Asia 800LatinAmerica&Caribbean 300NorthAmerica 125NYC 60動(dòng)物園系統(tǒng) 1,6001895NewYorkZoologicalSociety

andchangedintoWCS?WCSReintroduction1907,bisonreintroductionwasverysuccessfulParksandprotectedareasSince1920s,WCShashelpedestablishingover100parksandPAsFieldresearchSince1959,GeorgeSchallerconductedresearchesinAfrica,AsiaandAmerica?WCSZooeducation

Since1929,WCSestablishedhundredsofformaleducationprogramsExploration1934BermudaTriangle80年代

90年代

2002-至今野外調(diào)查地：ChinaProgram（1996－Now）BeijingHunchunLhasaGuangzhou野生老虎要如何保護(hù)？本世紀(jì)初，中國野生虎不足50只孟加拉虎15印支虎10東北虎20Trans-boundarySino-Russiantigerpopulations

About450tigersinRussiaFarEastaresourcepopulationsfortigerrecoveryinChinaPeople’sRepublicofChinaRussianFederation虎的社會組織結(jié)構(gòu)

TheSocialstructureoftigers

Foodneeds

Onedeerlikeanimalaweek

Breedingfemalemore

Intheterritorial,itwouldbearound500

deersAREAREQUIREMENTSFORTIGERSINNORTHEASTASIA:FemalesarethekeytopopulationviabilityFemalesareterritorialFemaleaveragehomerangesize=450km21993-1997WEARETRYINGTOCREATEAPOPULATIONWITHADEFINEDNUMBEROFFEMALES:IFWEWANT: WENEED:1female(x450) 450km24females 1800km28females 3600km212females 5400km218females 8100km2ProtectedareanetworkfortigersinRussia428-502tigersCurrentdistribution2005,thereare430-500,about20inChinaLargehabitatconservation13rangecountriesagreedtoconductGlobalTigerInitiativeanddoubtthenumberofwildtigersby2022世界自然保護(hù)聯(lián)盟IUCN-WorldConservationUnionIUCNIUCN,countryandorganizationalmemberover1000,crossing133countries.Expertmembersover11000China1996,became75thmemberMISSIONToinfluence,encourageandassist

societiesthroughouttheworld

toconservetheintegrityanddiversityofnatureandtoensurethatanyuseofnaturalresourcesisequitableandecologicallysustainableSTRUCTUREMembersCouncilSecretariatCommissionsSteeringCommittees,SpecialistGroupsRegional&NationalCommitteesStrategyOperationsRegionsProgrammeFinance,humanresources,administration,legal,ITMembershipservices,communications,donorrelations,fundraisingBiodiversity,livelihoods.climatechange,energy,greenmarketsAfrica,Americas,Asia,EuropeIUCN的組織形式1)WorldConservationCongress,every3years2）6

CommissionsSpeciesSurvivalCommission（SSC）WorldCommissionofProtectedArea-WCPACommissiononEnvironmental,EconomicandSocialPolicy(CEESP)

WorldCommissiononEnvironmentalLaw(WCEL)CommissiononEducationandCommunication(CEC)CommissiononEcosystemManagement(CEM)IUCN的組織形式6）專家組食肉動(dòng)物專家組、靈長類專家組、鸛、鹮和琵鷺專家組、松柏類植物專家組、入侵物種專家組、重引入專家組、可持續(xù)性利用專家組、保護(hù)繁殖專家組、鱷魚專家組、水獺專家組、植物項(xiàng)目專家組、雉類專家組、貓科動(dòng)物專家組等WCCMotion27:ConservationofbearsinAsia,withparticularreferencetobearfarminga.Closedownillegalfarmsassoonaspossible;b.Establishnonewfarmsornewsubsidiaryoperationsofexistingfarms;c.Takeallnecessarystepstopreventtheincreaseinnumbersofbearsinexistingfarmsassoonaspossible;Sevencategories(IUCN)Fourcategories(suggestedinChina)IaStrictNatureReserveIStrictlyprotectedareaIbWildernessAreaIINationalParkIIINaturalparkIIINaturalMonumentorFeatureIVProtectedLandscape/SeascapeVHabitat/SpeciesManagementAreaIIHabitatandspeciesmanagementareaVIProtectedAreawithSustainableUseofNaturalResourcesIVSustainableuseareaProtectedareasinChinanaturereserves

2600

(15%)sceniclandscapes900(近2%)forestparks2277(>2%)wetlandparks

213處watershedprotectedareasgeologicalparks138處waterpark（1300余處）andsmallnaturereservesI.StrictlyprotectedareaII.NaturalparkIII.HabitatandspeciesmanagementareaIV.SustainableuseareaIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIVIVIVIVIVIVIVIVIVIVIIIIVIVIVIIIIII世界自然基金會

WorldWildlifeFund(WWF)1961,in153,over12000projects27statemembers,21officesintheworldTherearenearly5millionsupportersChinasince1980s,firstNGOworkinginChina.ThereareBeijing,Changchun,Chengdu,Nanjing,ShanghaiofficesWWF

inChina120staffworkinginChinaspecies,freshwater,forest,marine,climatechangeandenergy,thegreeneconomyandfootprintGiantpandaconservation2001年調(diào)查：秦嶺：200±5；岷山：700±13；邛萊山：500±11；相嶺：60±7；涼山：200±6保護(hù)國際

ConservationInternational(CI)1987,inWashingtonD.C.Workinginover30countriesCriticalEcosystemPartnershipFund(CEPF)25

BiodiversityHotspotsNormanMyers

etal.publishedinNaturein2000Analysisondistributionofvascularplants,terrestrialvertebrates(birds,mammals,reptilesandamphibiansCriticalEcosystemPartnershipFund(CEPF)25hotspotsintheworld(including15tropicalforestand9islands)13：MountainsinSouth-centralChina5:Indo-BurmaTropicalChinaTheNatureConservancy(TNC)WashingtonD.C.195135countries,protect480,000skqm

andover8000kmriverTNCMission ThemissionofTheNatureConservancyistopreservetheplants,animalsandnaturalcommunitiesthatrepresentthediversityoflifeonEarthbyprotectingthelandsandwaterstheyneedtosurvive.TNCHistoryTNCHistoryClimateChangeYangtzeriverconservationProtectedareaBlueprintTheParadiseInternationalFoundation美國的民間保護(hù)地狀況美國保護(hù)地面積7.15億英畝（含聯(lián)邦政府，州政府，當(dāng)?shù)貦C(jī)構(gòu)和非政府機(jī)構(gòu)的土地，未包含受保護(hù)地役權(quán)保護(hù)超過4000萬英畝的土地）占美國國土面積的31%NGO，本地土地信托機(jī)構(gòu)，大學(xué)等民間機(jī)構(gòu)是自然保護(hù)不可或缺的力量；2015年美國有1362個(gè)土地信托機(jī)構(gòu)，保護(hù)面積22.8萬平方公里，超過國土面積的2.5%1%1,000公益保護(hù)地Places示范Empower賦能Policy

&

Law政策和法律Connecting連接Financing資金中國策略未來計(jì)劃未來3-5年，桃花源基金會投資1億人民幣投入公益保護(hù)地可以在自然保護(hù)區(qū)周邊，生物多樣性重要區(qū)域，保護(hù)區(qū)之間連通地帶，推動(dòng)建立公益保護(hù)地作為保護(hù)區(qū)的拓展，緩解社區(qū)矛盾向海老河溝李子壩關(guān)壩八月林西草海渠南龍格村現(xiàn)有公益保護(hù)地?cái)M建公益保護(hù)地現(xiàn)在、未來林甸濕地呼倫貝爾大鴇萬山國有林場瑪棚三江源通天河黃山神農(nóng)架佛頂山大耒山熊耳村云橋濕地天山?？诶鹾矸浠⑿掠瘽竦靥煨虚L臂猿普洱黑山寨哀牢山保護(hù)措施保護(hù)區(qū)嚴(yán)格保護(hù)看門&巡護(hù)嚴(yán)格執(zhí)法擴(kuò)展區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)扶貧擴(kuò)展區(qū)保護(hù)資金生態(tài)探索區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村休閑服務(wù)區(qū)美麗鄉(xiāng)村互動(dòng)區(qū)戶外探險(xiǎn)生態(tài)觀察科普宣傳老河餐吧文化小舍河畔茶舍蜀地新居有機(jī)農(nóng)園節(jié)慶活動(dòng)自然書廬桃花驛擴(kuò)展區(qū)發(fā)展方向桃花制+桃花驛FaunaandFloraInternational(FFI)1903

UK，F(xiàn)irstNGOintheworldToacttoconservethreatenedspeciesandecosystemsworldwide,choosingsolutionsthataresustainable,basedonsoundscienceandtakeintoaccounthumanneeds.40countriesover120projectsBeijing,Chongqing,GuangxiTRAFFIC

thewildlifetrademonitoringnetworkEstablishedin1970s

togetherbyIUCNandWWFTRAFFIC’smissionistoensurethattradeinwildplantsandanimalsisnotathreattotheconservationofnatureInUKWorkcloselywithCITESThereare22officeOver40countries國際愛護(hù)動(dòng)物基金會Vision:AworldrespectandprotectanimalsMission:Rescueandprotectanimalsintheworld國際愛護(hù)動(dòng)物基金會IFAW

inChina國際愛護(hù)動(dòng)物基金會OtherinternationalNGOs綠色和平（GREENPEACE）GreenVoiceEnvironmentalSolutions,呼喚綠色環(huán)境保護(hù)中心,US-ChinaEnvironmentalFund,美中環(huán)境基金會GlobalEnvironmentalFacility

全球環(huán)境基金（GEF）By2014,GEFprovide1.062billionUSDto141projectsinChinaDonationtoprotectedareasofChina1996-2001,NatureReserveManagementProje