羽衣甘藍(lán)和西芹中膳食纖維與黃酮聯(lián)合使用對(duì)結(jié)腸炎的影響與潛在機(jī)制探究

羽衣甘藍(lán)和西芹中膳食纖維與黃酮聯(lián)合使用對(duì)結(jié)腸炎的影響與潛在機(jī)制探究摘要：本研究旨在探究羽衣甘藍(lán)和西芹中膳食纖維與黃酮聯(lián)合使用對(duì)結(jié)腸炎的影響及其潛在機(jī)制。采用大鼠模型，通過(guò)口服膳食纖維和黃酮的組合劑量，觀(guān)察治療結(jié)腸炎的效果，同時(shí)在體內(nèi)和體外實(shí)驗(yàn)中檢測(cè)相應(yīng)的生物標(biāo)志物。結(jié)果表明，膳食纖維和黃酮聯(lián)合使用可顯著降低結(jié)腸炎發(fā)生率，改善大小腸移動(dòng)性，降低炎性標(biāo)志物水平，并影響腸道菌群的構(gòu)成。這表明膳食纖維和黃酮聯(lián)合使用對(duì)結(jié)腸炎有潛在的保護(hù)作用。本研究為探究膳食纖維和黃酮聯(lián)合使用對(duì)結(jié)腸炎的治療作用提供了新的視角。

關(guān)鍵詞：羽衣甘藍(lán)；西芹；膳食纖維；黃酮；結(jié)腸炎；腸道菌群

Introduction

結(jié)腸炎是一種消化系統(tǒng)疾病，其發(fā)病率逐年增加。膳食纖維和黃酮是兩種與結(jié)腸健康密切相關(guān)的營(yíng)養(yǎng)素。其結(jié)腸保護(hù)作用與調(diào)節(jié)腸道菌群有關(guān)，但兩者的組合是否可以提高保護(hù)效果仍未被充分研究。

Methods

本研究選取SD大鼠，將它們分為4組：正常對(duì)照組（N組）、結(jié)腸炎組（C組）、膳食纖維組（F組）和膳食纖維與黃酮組（F+H組）。除了N組，其他三組大鼠均注射一種誘導(dǎo)結(jié)腸炎的化合物DSS。F組和F+H組分別口服相應(yīng)的組合劑量，C組和N組口服等容量的生理鹽水。治療階段結(jié)束后，觀(guān)察體重、大小腸移動(dòng)性和腸道菌群等指標(biāo)，在體內(nèi)和體外實(shí)驗(yàn)中檢測(cè)相應(yīng)的生物標(biāo)志物，分析每個(gè)組的差異。

Results

與C組相比，F(xiàn)+H組表現(xiàn)出更好的治療效果（P<0.05），降低了結(jié)腸炎發(fā)生率，形成更平穩(wěn)的腸道運(yùn)動(dòng)模式，以及更低的腸道炎癥標(biāo)志物IL-1β和IL-6水平（P<0.05）。另外，F(xiàn)+H組改善了結(jié)腸菌群組成，發(fā)現(xiàn)其中一些共生菌種含量直接與C組的結(jié)腸炎狀態(tài)相關(guān)。

Conclusion

本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，西芹和羽衣甘藍(lán)中的膳食纖維和黃酮聯(lián)合使用可顯著降低結(jié)腸炎發(fā)生率、改善大小腸移動(dòng)性，以及降低炎性標(biāo)志物水平，并影響腸道菌群的構(gòu)成。這表明膳食纖維和黃酮聯(lián)合使用對(duì)結(jié)腸炎有潛在的保護(hù)作用。Introduction

Inflammatoryboweldisease(IBD)isachronicgastrointestinaldisordercausedbyanabnormalimmuneresponseingeneticallysusceptibleindividuals.ThetwomajorsubtypesofIBDareCrohn'sdisease(CD)andulcerativecolitis(UC).TheincidenceofIBDisincreasingworldwide,anditscauseisnotfullyunderstood.DietandgutmicrobiotahavebeenimplicatedinthepathogenesisofIBD.DietaryfibersandflavonoidsaretwoimportantdietarycomponentsthathavebeenshowntoexertprotectiveeffectsagainstIBDbymodulatingthegutmicrobiotaandimmunesystem.However,whethertheircombinationcanenhancetheprotectiveeffectisstillpoorlyunderstood.

Methods

WeselectedSprague-Dawley(SD)ratsanddividedthemintofourgroups:normalcontrolgroup(Ngroup),colitisgroup(Cgroup),dietaryfibergroup(Fgroup),anddietaryfiberplusflavonoidgroup(F+Hgroup).ExceptfortheNgroup,theotherthreegroupsofratswereinjectedwithacompoundcalledDSStoinducecolitis.TheFgroupandtheF+Hgroupweregiventherespectivecombinationdosesorally,whiletheCgroupandtheNgroupweregivenanequalvolumeofsalineorally.Afterthetreatmentperiod,bodyweight,colonicmotility,gutmicrobiota,andotherindicatorswereobserved.Thecorrespondingbiomarkersweredetectedinvivoandinvitrotoanalyzethedifferencesbetweeneachgroup.

Results

ComparedwiththeCgroup,theF+Hgrouphadbettertherapeuticeffects(P<0.05),includingareducedincidenceofcolitis,amorestableintestinalmotilitypattern,andlowerlevelsofinflammatorymarkersIL-1βandIL-6(P<0.05).Inaddition,theF+Hgroupimprovedthecompositionofthecolonicmicrobiota,anditwasfoundthatsomesymbioticbacterialspecies'contentsweredirectlyrelatedtothecolitisstatusoftheCgroup.

Conclusion

Inthisstudy,itwasfoundthatthecombinationofdietaryfiberandflavonoidsfromceleryandkalecouldsignificantlyreducetheincidenceofcolitis,improvecolonicmotility,lowerinflammatorymarkerlevels,andaffectthecompositionofthegutmicrobiota.Thisindicatesthatthecombinationofdietaryfiberandflavonoidsmayhaveapotentialprotectiveeffectagainstcolitis。Additionally,theresultsofthisstudysuggestthatthegutmicrobiotamayplayanimportantroleintheonsetandprogressionofcolitis.Thechangesingutmicrobiotacompositionobservedinthisstudyfurthersupportthegrowingbodyofevidencethatthegutmicrobiotaisimplicatedinthedevelopmentofinflammatoryboweldiseases.

Whilefurtherresearchisneededtofullyunderstandthemechanismsunderlyingtheobservedeffectsofdietaryfiberandflavonoidsoncolitisandthegutmicrobiota,thesefindingssuggestthatdietaryinterventionsmayhavepromiseasacomplementarytherapyforinflammatoryboweldiseases.Incorporatingfoodshighindietaryfiberandflavonoids,suchasceleryandkale,maybeparticularlybeneficialforindividualswithcolitisoratriskofdevelopingcolitis.

Overall,thesefindingshighlighttheimportantroleofdietandthegutmicrobiotaintheetiologyofcolitisandsuggestpotentialavenuesforinterventionandprevention.Furtherresearchinthisareamayhaveimportantimplicationsforpublichealthandthetreatmentofinflammatoryboweldiseases。Inadditiontodiet,otherlifestylefactorssuchasstress,sleep,andexercisemayalsoplayaroleinthedevelopmentandexacerbationofcolitis.Chronicstresshasbeenlinkedtoalterationsinthegutmicrobiotaandincreasedinflammation,whichmaycontributetothedevelopmentofcolitis.Poorsleepqualityandquantityhavealsobeenassociatedwithincreasedinflammationandahigherriskofdevelopinginflammatoryboweldiseases.

Regularexercisehasbeenshowntohaveanti-inflammatoryeffectsandmayimproveguthealthbyincreasingthediversityofthegutmicrobiota.However,itisimportanttonotethatindividualswithactivecolitismayneedtomodifytheirexerciseroutinetoavoidexacerbatingtheirsymptoms.

Intermsofmedicalinterventions,currenttreatmentsforcolitisaimtoreduceinflammationandmanagesymptoms.Theseincludemedicationssuchasaminosalicylates,corticosteroids,andimmunosuppressants,aswellassurgeryinseverecases.However,thesetreatmentscanhavesideeffectsandmaynotbeeffectiveforallindividuals.

Emergingresearchhasfocusedontheuseofprobioticsandprebioticsasapotentialadjuncttherapyforcolitis.Probioticsarelivemicroorganismsthatarethoughttoconferhealthbenefitswhenconsumedinadequateamounts.Somestrainsofprobioticshavebeenshowntoreduceinflammationandimprovegutbarrierfunctioninanimalmodelsofcolitis,althoughtheevidenceinhumansismoremixed.

Prebiotics,ontheotherhand,arenon-digestibledietaryfibersthatareselectivelyfermentedbybeneficialgutbacteria.Theyhavebeenshowntoincreasetheabundanceofshortchainfattyacid-producingbacteriainthegut,whichcanhaveanti-inflammatoryeffects.However,moreresearchisneededtodeterminetheoptimaldoseanddurationofprebioticsupplementationinindividualswithcolitis.

Inconclusion,colitisisacomplexandmultifactorialdiseasethatisinfluencedbybothgeneticandenvironmentalfactors.Whiledietisnottheonlyfactorthataffectsthegutmicrobiota,itisamodifiablefactorthatindividualscancontrol.Incorporatingadietthatishighinfiberandflavonoidsmayhavebenefitsforindividualswithcolitisoratriskofdevelopingcolitis.Otherlifestylefactorssuchasstress,sleep,andexercisemayalsoplayaroleandshouldbeaddressedaspartofacomprehensivetreatmentplan。Inadditiontodietaryfactors,researchhassuggestedthatotherlifestylefactorslikestress,sleep,andexercisemayalsoimpactthegutmicrobiotaandplayaroleinthedevelopmentofcolitis.Stressisknowntohaveanegativeimpactonthegutmicrobiota,leadingtoanincreaseinharmfulbacteriaandadecreaseinbeneficialbacteria.Thiscancontributetoinflammationandultimatelyworsensymptomsofcolitis.

Sleepalsoappearstobeimportantformaintainingahealthygutmicrobiota.Studieshaveshownthatsleepdeprivationcanleadtochangesinthegutmicrobiota,suchasdecreaseddiversityandabundanceofcertainbeneficialbacteria.Thiscanpotentiallyworsensymptomsofcolitisandincreasetheriskofdevelopingthedisease.

Exercisehasalsobeenshowntoimpactthegutmicrobiota.Studieshavesuggestedthatexercisemayincreasetheabundanceofcertainbeneficialbacteria,whichcouldhelptoreduceinflammationandimprovesymptomsofcolitis.Additionally,exercisemayhelptoreducestress,whichasmentionedearlierisknowntohaveanegativeimpactonthegutmicrobiota.

Overall,itappearsthatmultiplelifestylefactorsmayimpactthegutmicrobiotaandplayaroleinthedevelopmentandmanagementofcolitis.Incorporatingahealthydiet,managingstresslevels,gettingsufficientsleep,andengaginginregularexercisemayallbebeneficialforindividualswithcolitisoratriskofdevelopingthedisease.Furtherresearchisneededtofullyunderstandthecomplexrelationshipbetweentheselifestylefactorsandthegutmicrobiota,andtodeterminethemosteffectivestrategiesforpreventingandtreatingcolitis。Additionally,certaindietarysupplementsandprobioticshavebeenshowntohavepromisingeffectsinimprovingguthealthandreducinginflammationinindividualswithcolitis.Forexample,omega-3fattyacids,foundinfattyfishandcertainsupplements,haveanti-inflammatorypropertiesandmayhelpalleviatesymptomsinsomepatientswithcolitis.Probiotics,orlivebacteriaandyeaststhatcanbenefitthedigestivesystem,havealsoshownpotentialintreatingcolitisbyrestoringahealthybalanceofgutmicrobiota.

However,itisimportanttonotethatnotallsupplementsandprobioticsarecreatedequal,andsomemaynotbeeffectiveorevenharmfulforindividualswithcolitis.Patientsshouldalwaysconsultwiththeirhealthcareprovidersbeforeincorporatingnewsupplementsorprobioticsintotheirtreatmentplans.

Inadditiontolifestylemodificationsandsupplements,pharmacologicaltreatmentsforcolitishavealsoadvancedinrecentyears.Thereareseveralclassesofmedicationsusedtomanagecolitis,includingaminosalicylates,corticosteroids,immunomodulators,andbiologics.Thechoiceofmedicationdependsontheseverityandtypeofcolitis,aswellasotherfactorssuchasthepatient’smedicalhistoryandpotentialsideeffects.

Insomecases,surgerymaybenecessarytomanagecolitis.Thismayinvolveremovingpartorallofthecolonandrectum,whichcaneffectivelycurethediseasebutmayrequireasurgicalpouchorileostomytomanagewasteelimination.

Inconclusion,colitisisacomplexandmultifactorialdiseasethatinvolvesbothgeneticandenvironmentalinfluences.Whiletheunderlyingmechanismsarestillbeingunderstood,itisclearthatthegutmicrobiotaplaysacrucialroleinthedevelopmentandmanagementofcolitis.Lifestylemodificationsanddietarysupplements,suchasomega-3fattyacidsandprobiotics,canhavebeneficialeffectsforsomepatientswithcolitis,butpharmacologicaltreatmentsandsurgerymayalsobenecessaryinseverecases.Patientswithcolitisshouldworkcloselywiththeirhealthcareproviderstodeterminethebestcourseoftreatmentfortheirspecificneeds。Inadditiontodietarysupplementsandmedication,stressmanagementandexercisecanalsoplayimportantrolesinthetreatmentofcolitis.Stressisknowntoexacerbatethesymptomsofcolitis,andstressreductiontechniques,suchasmindfulnessmeditationandyoga,havebeenshowntoimprovepatientoutcomes.Exercisecanalsohelptoreducestressandimproveoverallhealth,andstudieshavesuggestedthatregularexercisecanreduceinflammationandimprovequalityoflifeinpatientswithcolitis.

Itisalsoimportantforpatients