定語從句用法總結(jié)

定語從句用法總結(jié).定義：定語由一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng)，那么這個(gè)句子就叫做定語從句。eg:Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesthatarebuiltclosetoeachother.其中劃線部分為定語從句。.分類：分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句，還有間隔性定語從句。eg:I.Thisistheschool（that/which）wevisitedlastyear.（限制性定語從句）.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.（非限制性定語從句）.Thedaysaregonewhenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.（間隔性定語從句）注：定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別限制性定語從句無逗號(hào)隔開、不可缺少、起修飾限制作用；而非限制性定語從句有逗號(hào)隔開、可有可無、起補(bǔ)充說明作用。.構(gòu)成：定語從句有先行詞、引導(dǎo)詞和從句構(gòu)成。先行詞是定語從句所修飾限制的名詞或代詞。引導(dǎo)詞是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。eg:Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesthatarebuiltclosetoeachother.此句中先行詞為:narrowstreetsandsmallhouses,引導(dǎo)詞為:that，定語從句為:thatarebuiltclosetoeachother.基本原則定語從句中不能出現(xiàn)與先行詞在意義上相一致的詞Eg.ThisisthebookthatIlikejtbest.（it與book指同一物，所以要去掉。）.定語從句中常見考點(diǎn)：考點(diǎn)一.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的辨別.關(guān)系代詞that（人、物），which（物）、who（m）（人）、whose（某人的，某物的）、as.關(guān)系副詞when（表時(shí)間）、where（表地點(diǎn)）、why（表原因）注：關(guān)系副詞可變?yōu)椤敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)（即：關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞）。eg:Thisisthemountainvillagewhere（=inwhich）Istayedlastmonth..怎樣選擇正確的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞方法一：找出先行詞和定語從句中動(dòng)詞，看定從中動(dòng)詞與先行詞能否構(gòu)成習(xí)慣搭配。能，用關(guān)系代詞；不能，用關(guān)系副詞.Eg.IwillneverforgetthedaythatIspentwithmyparents.（定從中動(dòng)詞spent與先行詞theday構(gòu)成spenttheday，所以用關(guān)系代詞that或which或省略）方法二：找出先行詞和定語從句，看定語從句是否缺少主語、賓語或表語，如缺少，用關(guān)系代詞。如不缺少，定語從句所表達(dá)意思相對(duì)完整，用關(guān)系副詞。eg:①.Thisisthefactorymadecars.（缺少主語，所以用關(guān)系代詞that或which，作主語不能省略）②.Thisisthereasonhewaslateforschool.（定語從句hewaslateforschool表達(dá)意思相對(duì)完整，所以用關(guān)系副詞why或介詞+關(guān)系代詞forwhich）注意：當(dāng)先行詞為case、position>point、situation>society>activity等抽象意義的名詞時(shí)，常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句.eg:Hegothimselfintoadangeroussituationwherehemaylosecontroloftheplane.考點(diǎn)二定從中that與which的區(qū)別.關(guān)系代詞只用that的情況。（1）當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞（all、much、little、few、some、any、none、one、something、anything>everything等）或先行詞被不定形容詞（all、many、some、few、little等）修飾時(shí)。eg:Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself？（2）當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。eg:Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthatyouaretalkingabout.（3）當(dāng)先行詞含有序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)時(shí)。eg:①ThisbusisthefirstthatwillgotoBeijing.②ThisisthebestmoviethatIhaveeverseen.（4）當(dāng)先行詞被only、very、next、last等修飾時(shí)。eg:ThisistheverybookthatI'mlookingfor.（5）在who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句中。eg:Whichisthebikethatyoulost?（6）當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時(shí)。eg:Zhengzhouisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe..關(guān)系代詞只用which的情況。（1）引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)。eg:Heturnedtobeaverysuccessfulman,whichwasmorethanweexpected.（2）在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞只用which。eg:Thisisthequestionaboutwhichtheyhavesomuchdiscussioninthepastfewweeks.（3）當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后有插入成分時(shí)。eg:MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,which,ofcourse,madealltheothersupset..指人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只用who（m）的情況。（1）引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)。eg:Shehasadaughter,whoisadoctorinthefamoushospital.（2）當(dāng)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞（賓格形式）”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)。eg:Thegentlemanaboutwhomyoutoldmeprovedtobeathief.（3）當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后有插入成分時(shí)。eg:Thisismyfriendwho,Ithink,isthebestinourclass..（4）在Therebe句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞指人時(shí)。eg:Thereisayoungladywhoasksforyou.考點(diǎn)三：as的用法及as與which的區(qū)別1.as引導(dǎo)的定語從句（1）as常用于固定搭配中：thesame...as，such…as，as/so…aseg:①.Zhengzhouissuchawonderfulcityaseveryonelikestovisit.比較：Zhengzhouissuchawonderfulcitythateveryonelikestovisitit.注意：第一句是定語從句，所以定從中沒有出現(xiàn)與先行詞city意義上一致的詞，第二句是狀語從句，that后應(yīng)為完整句子，所以it不能省略。②.TodayIboughtthesamebikeasTomdidlastweek.（同樣的但不是同一輛）比較：Todayhewearsthesamecoatthathedidyesterday.（同一件衣服）（2）as常用于固定句型中：asweall/everybobyknow（s）,,asisoftenthecase,asweexpect等。eg:Asweallknow,Zhengzhouisanattractivecity.2.在非限制性定語從句中，as與which的區(qū)別⑴指代整句話內(nèi)容時(shí)，as可位于主句前面、中間或后面；而which一般位于主句后。另外，which還可指代一個(gè)名詞或一個(gè)短語。eg①：Asweallknow,Tomisagoodboy.②：China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.③：Shedoesn'tthinksheiswrong.whichmakesherteacherangry.（which指代上文整個(gè)句子）⑵.as在句中有正如之意，而which沒有，eg:①Hesucceededthistime,ashadbeenexpected.②Shehasmadegreatprogress,whichmakesherparentsveryhappy.③Asweallknow,knowledgechangeslife.考點(diǎn)四定從中所屬關(guān)系的表達(dá)whose引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)必須和名詞放在一起。whose+n(s)=the+n(s)+ofwhich/whom=of+which/whom+the+n(s)eg:Thehousewhoseroofwasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.=Thehousetheroofofwhichwasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.=Thehouseofwhichtheroofwasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.考點(diǎn)五.定從中動(dòng)詞形式與先行詞的一致

eg:①Heisoneofthestudentswhofailtheexam.②Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhofailstheexam.③Thosewhoarefondofstudyingdowellinexams.考點(diǎn)六.the 作先行詞引導(dǎo)定從時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可用inhihth省略。eg:Idon,tlikethewaythat/inwhich/省略hespoketome.考點(diǎn)七介詞關(guān)系代詞在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞表示人只能用hm關(guān)系代詞表示物只能用hi。怎樣選擇正確的介詞根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭配來決定。如:spendimoneyonsth.為固定搭配）②Thisisthepenhihnp為固定搭配sthspendimoneyonsth.為固定搭配）②Thisisthepenhihnp為固定搭配sth根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣來決定。如:eeethehitehihseeethehitehihs強(qiáng)調(diào)在具體某一天要用介詞on）eeetheinhiieinssieeetheinhiieinssi（強(qiáng)調(diào)在某幾天時(shí)間內(nèi)要用介詞during）eeethenthinhi（在eeethenthinhi（在month前介詞要用in）根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系。sthtthenesppehitenitetiesitethetisthtthenesppehitenitetiesitetheti根據(jù)從句中形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配。①These etithhthesissn①These etithhthesissn也ppheeessnessehpp 對(duì)…表示滿意老板對(duì)其不滿意的那個(gè)秘書將由于她粗心而被解雇。②eisene②eisenenithhiir熟悉他是一位我們熟悉的有學(xué)識(shí)的人。有些“動(dòng)詞+介詞”的固定詞組不可拆開用常見的動(dòng)詞詞組有：100kfor,lookafter,carefor,sendfor,hearof,hearfrom,dealwith,getthrough,payattentionto等。這是我正在找的手表。 (錯(cuò)誤)6.“不定代詞 ， …等 或 ，表示整體與部分的關(guān)系或所屬關(guān)系eg:①Ihavemanyapples,someofwhicharebad.(很多蘋果中有一些是紅色)比較：Ihavemanyapplesandsomeofthemarebad.② 比較： .“介詞+which+todo”作定語的情況介詞+which+todo作定語相當(dāng)于