Since-和-for-的用法及區(qū)別

Since-和-for-的用法及區(qū)別Since和for的用法及區(qū)別：一,since的四種用法since+過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、ago.1990,lastmonth,halfpastsixIhavebeenheresince1990.1990起，我一直在這兒。2，since+一段時(shí)間+agoIhavebeenheresincefivemonthsago。自從五個(gè)月前，我已經(jīng)在這兒了。3，since+從句GreatChangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.自從你走后，已經(jīng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。4，Itis+一段時(shí)間+since從句ItistwoyearssinceIbecameanEnglishteacher.我成為英語(yǔ)老師有兩年了。For+時(shí)間段，用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度，因此句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，也應(yīng)該是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。IhavebeeninBeijingforoneyear。WehavelearntEnglishforaboutthreeyears.Ihavebeenherefor3days.（對(duì)）Ihavearrivedherefor3days.（誤）,延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞的概念英語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)程的長(zhǎng)短，可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。終止性動(dòng)詞也稱非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞,表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,move,borrow,buy等。四、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法特征.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其完成時(shí)態(tài)可與表示“段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用。表示“段時(shí)間”的短語(yǔ)有：fortwoyears,duringthepastthreeyears,sincelastyear,howlong等IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIcamehere.自從我來(lái)到這兒就學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與表示短暫時(shí)間的“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”狀語(yǔ)連用。如：Itraindateightyesterdaymorning.（誤）rain為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而ateight表示,,點(diǎn)時(shí)間”，前后顯然矛盾。如果用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示一瞬間的動(dòng)作，可借助comebeginget等終止性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示。上句可改為：Itbegantorainateightyesterdaymorning.（正）又如：-WhendidyougettoknowJack?-Twoyearsago.-Thenyou'veknowneachotherformorethantwoyears.-That'sright.五、終止性動(dòng)詞的用法特征.終止性動(dòng)詞可用來(lái)表示某一動(dòng)作完成，因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：Thetrainhasarrived.火車到了。Haveyoujoinedthecomputergroup?你力口入電腦小組了嗎？.終止性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作極其短暫，不能持續(xù)。因此，不可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)用（只限肯定式）。如：(1)他死了三年了。誤：Hehasdiedforthreeyears.正：Hehasbeendeadforthreeyears.正：Hediedthreeyearsago.正：Itisthreeyearssincehedied.正：Threeyearshaspassedsincehedied.⑵他來(lái)這兒五天了。誤：Hehascomehereforfivedays.正：Hehasbeenhereforfivedays.正：Hecameherefivedaysago.正：Itisfivedayssincehecamehere.正：Fivedayshaspassedsincehecamehere.句中終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達(dá)方式。下面列舉幾例：leave-beaway,borrow-keep,buy—have,begin/start-beon,die—bedead,moveto-livein,finish-beover,join—bein/beamemberof,opensth.—keepsth.open,fallill—beill,getup—beup,catchacold—haveacold練習(xí)：用since和for填空1)twoyears2)twoyearsago3)lastmonth4)19995)yesterday6)4o'clock7)4hours8)anhourago9)wewerechildren10)lunchtime11)shelefthere

HehaslivedinNanjingtheyearbeforelast.I’veknownhimwewerechildren.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanesethreeyears.Shehasbeenawayfromthecityabouttenyears.It'sabouttenyearssheleftthecity.2.短暫性轉(zhuǎn)換延續(xù)性①arriveat/insw.getto/e/go/movetosw.—beinsw./atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethereHegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.HeBeijingfor.ImovedtotheUSAlastyear.ItheUSAsince.Iwenthomeyesterday.

IhomeforTheycameherelastweek.Theyheresince .②come/goback,return—bebackcome/goout—beoutHecameouttwoyearsago.HeforWereturntoFuzhouyesterday.WetoFuzhousince.③become—be1)Ibecameateacherin2000.Iateacherfor2)Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriverdirtyfor .④close—beclosedopen—beopenTheshopclosedtwohoursago.

Theshop for.Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoorforsixhours.⑤getup—beupdie—bedeadleavesw.—beawayfromsw.fallasleep/gettotsleep—beasleepfinish/end—beovermarry—bemarried1)Igotuptwohoursago.IsinceHeleftFuzhoujustnow.He Fuzhouforfiveminutes.Mygrandpadiedin2002.MygrandpaforThemeetingfinishedatsix.Themeetingforsixhours.5)Igottosleeptwohoursago.

Isince6)Theymarriedin1990.Theysince .⑥start/begintodosth.—dosth.begin—beonIbegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.Iatthisschoolsince.Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilmfor.borrow—keeplose—nothavebuy-haveputon-wearcatch/getacold—haveacoldgettoknow—knowTheyborroweditlastweek.TheyitsinceIboughtapentwohoursago.IapenforIgottoknowhimlastyear.

I himsinceIputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.Imyglassesfor .have/hasgoneto—havebeenin1)HehasgonetoBeijing.HeBeijingfortwodays.⑨jointheleague/theParty/thearmybealeague/aPartymember/asoldierbeamemberoftheleague/thePartybeinthelea