演示文稿英國教育體系英文

（優(yōu)選）英國教育體系英文當(dāng)前1頁，總共61頁。SchoolTodayPre-primarySchoolsPrimarySchoolsSecondarySchoolsUniversity/College

當(dāng)前2頁，總共61頁。Pre-PrimarySchoolsPre-schooleducationisavailable(oftenonafee-payingbasis)forchildrenaged2to4/5throughplaygroupsandnurseryschools(manyareprivate).Theemphasisisongroupwork,creativeactivityandguidedplay.

當(dāng)前3頁，總共61頁。1.StateSchools(公立學(xué)校):

11-year

Compulsory

Education(5-16) StatePrimarySchool→

ComprehensiveSchool(84%),GrammarSchool(3%)orSecondaryModernSchool(7%)2.PublicSchools/IndependentSchools(獨立學(xué)校/公學(xué)): PrepSchool→

Public(Independent)School(7%)TwoSystemsofprimaryandsecondaryeducationinBritain:當(dāng)前4頁，總共61頁。當(dāng)前5頁，總共61頁。當(dāng)前6頁，總共61頁。Question:

Whatarethemaindifferences betweenthetwo?StateschoolsPublicschoolsSchoolFundingStatefundingfromcentralgovernment;SupplementedbylocalfinanceTuitionfees;Endowments(捐贈)ordonationsfromsociety(esp.alumnitotheiralmamaters)Attendance93%7%TeachingStaffandFacilitiesPublicschoolshavebetterteachingstaff&facilities.GraduatesStudentsfromthepublicschoolsaremorepromising,e.g.EtonCollegehaseducated20PrimeMinisters,6ChancellorsofExchequers,etc.當(dāng)前7頁，總共61頁。PrimaryPhaseCompulsoryeducationbeginsat5inEngland,WalesandScotlandand4inNorthernIreland.Pupilsmainlyattendstatesectorprimaryschools(co-educationalormixedschools).Infants

Schools=FirstSchools(for2yearsfrom5)

Junior

Schools(for4yearsto11)There’slittleornospecialistsubjectteachingandgreatemphasisisonliteracyandnumeracyinearlyyears.PrepSchools(預(yù)備學(xué)校)(from7/8to13)(separate;fees;entranceexam)當(dāng)前8頁，總共61頁。SecondarySchoolsStateSchools(93%)

1.ComprehensiveSchools(綜合中學(xué))(84%)(Noentranceexam,generaleducation)2.GrammarSchools(文法中學(xué))(“the11 plus”examination選拔優(yōu)秀小學(xué)生畢業(yè)考 試,preparingstudentsforhigher education)(3%)3.SecondaryModernSchools(現(xiàn)代中學(xué))(7%)PublicSchools=IndependentSchools(7%)當(dāng)前9頁，總共61頁。TheNationalCurriculumEnglishDesign&TechnologyGeographyMathematicsInformationTechnologyMusicScienceArtPhysicalEducationHistoryModernForeignLanguage當(dāng)前10頁，總共61頁。Exams

Compulsoryeducationendsatage16.At16,studentsinEnglandandWalestakeGCSE(GeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation中學(xué)畢業(yè)證書)examinationsinvolvingafinalexam,anassessmentofworkdoneduringthetwo-yearcourse,orbothofthesethings.Thentheycanleaveschoolandfindajob.OtherpupilswhodecidenottogotouniversitymaychoosetotakevocationaltrainingandgettheGNVQ(GeneralNationalVocationalQualification國家專業(yè)資格證書,5levels).當(dāng)前11頁，總共61頁。Tertiaryeducation延續(xù)教育(FurtherEducation)是繼小學(xué)(Primary)中學(xué)(Secondary)教育之后的“第三級教育”(Tertiary)。為進(jìn)入高等教育或者就業(yè)打下基礎(chǔ)。也是中國的高中學(xué)生留學(xué)英的關(guān)鍵階段。一般來說接受延續(xù)教育的學(xué)生介于16和18歲之間。它分為兩種體系：學(xué)業(yè)路線（AcademicRoute）和職業(yè)路線（VocationalRoute）。學(xué)業(yè)路線著重于培養(yǎng)學(xué)術(shù)研究方面的人才，職業(yè)路線則結(jié)合社會各層面的職業(yè)需要，培養(yǎng)在各種行業(yè)中具有專門技能和知識的人才。當(dāng)前12頁，總共61頁。SomemoreambitiousandhardworkingstudentswilltakeGCEO-level(一般水平普通教育證書)exams.Iftheypass,theymaytransfertoaSixthFormschool(六年級學(xué)校)ortertiarycollege(三級學(xué)校)tolearnA-levelclassesfor2years.At18,theytakeGCEA-levelexaminations(AdvancedGeneralCertificateofEducation高級水平普通教育證書＝大學(xué)入學(xué)考試),usuallyinnotmorethan3subjects.It’snecessarytohaveA-levelsinordertogotoauniversityorotherinstitutionsofhighereducation.當(dāng)前13頁，總共61頁。WidelyHeldBeliefsFirstly,“thebestwaytoensuregoodresultsistovest(賦予)responsibilityforajobinanindividualbodyandthenallowittogoinitsownway,intervening(干預(yù))onlyifit’smanifestly(顯而易見地)notperformingitsjobproperly.”Secondly,“aschoolisnotonlyaplaceforlearningbutalsoasociety,freetoplanandconductitscorporatelifeasseemsbesttoit,providedthatitkeepsthislifewithintheacceptedframeworklaiddownbysocialconventionandthenationalpolicyforeducation.”Questionforyou:

Howdoyouinterpretthebeliefsabove?當(dāng)前14頁，總共61頁。Individualschoolsenjoygreatfreedomandspace!Althoughtheultimateresponsibilityfortheeducationalsystemlieswiththeparliament,itdoesn’tlaydownwhatsubjectsshallbetaught;nordoesitgiveanydirectionsaboutteachingmethods,orprescribe(規(guī)定、指定、開處方)anytextbooks.TheQueenoncesaid,“AheadmasteroncetoldmethatinhisopinionthefreedomwhichteachershaveisthemostvaluablethinginBritisheducation”.當(dāng)前15頁，總共61頁。CaseStudyComparedwiththatinChinesecounterparts,thecurriculumintheUKprimaryorsecondaryschoolsismuchsimpler.(esp.mathematics&reading)

WHY?IstheirIntelligenceQuotientlow?AccordingtoaschoolmasterinBristol:1.Thecompulsoryeducationaimstocultivateeligible(合格的)citizensratherthanelites;2.Curiosityandself-confidencematteralotmorethantheknowledgeitself.3.Shapingcharactersandindividualityisemphasized.Teamspiritandleadershipcanbedevelopedthroughgames.當(dāng)前16頁，總共61頁。PublicSchools

IntheUKprivate

schoolsareconfusinglycalledpublicschools!Onlyenrollpupilsfromprepschools.Hightuitionfees+largequantityofsocialendowments=affordingsmallerclasses+betterfaculty(withnicesalaries)Mainlysingle-sexratherthanco-edschools.Boardingschools.Question:Whoareattendingsuchschools?

當(dāng)前17頁，總共61頁。Thestudentsarelargelyfromaristocratic(貴族)andupperclassfamilies.Despitethehighfeestheyaccountforaround7%ofthetotalschoolpopulation.BUTopponentsvoicedoubts:

It’ssociallydivisiveandbreedselitism;theyareofferingmorepromisingopportunitiesto7%ofBritishchildren,butit’sunfairfortheremaining93%!

當(dāng)前18頁，總共61頁。TheMostWell-knownPublicSchools:EtonCollege(伊頓公學(xué))(1440byKingHenryVI)

HarrowSchool(哈羅公學(xué))(1571)(Byron,Churchill)(forBoysonly)WinchesterCollege(溫切斯特公學(xué))(1394)RugbySchool(拉格貝公學(xué))(1567)(Rugbywasfirstplayedhere.)Tosendaboytoaleadingpublicschoolcosts￡1200to￡2000,even￡3500aterm.當(dāng)前19頁，總共61頁。EtonCollegeForboysONLY!Itsstudentsarefromnobleandupperclassfamilies.(PrinceCharles,William&Harry)Sofar,about20PMswereeducatedatEton.Theschoolfeeincludestuition,board&lodging,laundry,personalaccidentinsurance,andthecostofmostactivities.HowmuchisthetuitionatEton?Anannualfeeofabout￡16,000.當(dāng)前20頁，總共61頁。EtonCollegeEtonPupilswiththetutor當(dāng)前21頁，總共61頁。HigherEducationAllBritishuniversitiesareself-governingandfee-charging.TheyreceivefinancialaidthroughtheUniversityGrantsCommittee(高校基金委員會)fromthegovernment.Over42%ofpupilsbecomeuniversitystudentsonleavingschoolat18.110universitiesinUK(93inEngland,13inScotland,2inWalesand2inN.Ireland)3categories:olduniversities,redbrickuniversities(1850-1930),newuniversities(WWII-present).當(dāng)前22頁，總共61頁。EntranceProceduresInthethirdtermofYear12,studentspreparetheirapplicationstouniversity.ApplicationsarethenmadeinthefirsttermoftheYear13throughonecentralizedorganizationknownasUCAS(UniversitiesandCollegesAdmissionsService大學(xué)院校入學(xué)委員會).Studentscanapplytoamaximumof6universities/institutions.Admission–selectiononbasisofAlevelresults&aninterview.當(dāng)前23頁，總共61頁。Fee-charging(ontheaverage:￡1200-3000)DegreesBA/BSc3yearsfull-timeMA/MSc1yearfull-time/2yearspart-timePhDatleast3yearsoriginalresearchBA:BachelorofArts

(文學(xué)學(xué)士)

BSc:BachelorofScience(理學(xué)學(xué)士)

BS:同上

當(dāng)前24頁，總共61頁。TeachingMethods

TheUKeducationalsystemencouragesself-study,discussionsandpracticalwork.Thestudentsmayhavetime-tabledclassesormightbeencouragedtodomoreofindependentworkforasubstantialamountoftimedependingonthecourse.Mostofthecourseswouldincludethefollowingteachingmethods:當(dāng)前25頁，總共61頁。A.Lectures講座Theprofessorsdominatethelectureswhichservetoguidethestudents.Thesizeoftheclassisgenerallylarge,oftenupto100students.NOprescribedtextbooksbutreadinglistsandhandouts(講稿)!當(dāng)前26頁，總共61頁。B.Seminars討論會Theseminarsprovidethestudentswithaplatformforsharingtheirviewsonagiventopic.Thestudentsaretoldinadvanceaboutatopic&arerequiredtoprepareapresentationonit.Whatisthepointofattendingseminars? Thediscussionsthattakeplaceinseminarsoftenhelpstudentsunderstandatopicbetterindifferentperspectivesandhelpstudentsdeveloptheircommunicationskills.

當(dāng)前27頁，總共61頁。C.Tutorials導(dǎo)師輔導(dǎo)課Tutorialsgiveyoufocusedguidanceonaparticulartopiconceaweek.Thesizeoftutorialsisquitesmall.(15-20) Everystudenthastospeakinclass.Thestudentsmeetwiththeprofessorsindividuallytodiscusstheirconcernsaboutthetopicthattheyhaveundertakenandthusseekindividualguidance.當(dāng)前28頁，總共61頁。D.IndependentworkStudentsaresupposedtoinvestigateatopicindetailanddeveloptheirownviewsaboutit.(off-campusresearch)Thisusuallyinvolvesworkingindividuallyorinasmallgroupwithotherstudentstoresearchatopic.Producewrittenworkormakepresentationforaseminar.當(dāng)前29頁，總共61頁。E.Coursework課程論文／學(xué)年作業(yè)Thismayincludeessays,reports,projects,presentationsorreflections.Courseworkisassessedandgivengrades.Assessment:acombinationofmethodsQuestion:

Isthewrittenexamamustforcourseassessment?

NOTnecessarily!TakeMarketingManagementforexample,coursework65%

(grouppresentation20%+individualreflection20%+businessplan25%)+writtenexam35%當(dāng)前30頁，總共61頁。Plagiarism剽竊Plagiarismmeanspresentingotherpeople’sworkasone'sownwithoutacknowledgingthesourceorreferencing.Cheatingorplagiarismcanresultinstudentsnotbeingallowedtograduate.Adviceisnormallygivenbyyourprofessorsonanacceptablewayandamountofreferencing.(footnote/bibliography)當(dāng)前31頁，總共61頁。CambridgeCambridgeUniversitywasfoundedin1209bystudentsfleeingfromOxfordafteroneofthemanyepisodesofviolencebetweentheuniversityandthetownofOxford.當(dāng)前32頁，總共61頁。當(dāng)前33頁，總共61頁。當(dāng)前34頁，總共61頁。當(dāng)前35頁，總共61頁。FamousStudentsJohnMiltonCharlesDarwinPrinceCharles當(dāng)前36頁，總共61頁。Vice-Chancellor–

ProfessorAlisonRichardCambridgeisoneoftheworld’sgreatuniversities,andhastheabilitytotransformlives.Ifyoustudyhere,youwillexperiencethatqualityatfirsthand.Daytoday,youwillworkwithacademicstaffwhoareleadersintheirfields,andwhoarealsocommittedtoseeyousucceed,andtohelpyoudevelopyourideas,knowledgeandunderstanding.當(dāng)前37頁，總共61頁。OxfordUniversity當(dāng)前38頁，總共61頁。當(dāng)前39頁，總共61頁。當(dāng)前40頁，總共61頁。FamousStudentsOscarWildeSamuelJohnsonBillClintonTonyBlairMargaretThatcher當(dāng)前41頁，總共61頁。OxfordLegendhasitthatOxfordUniversitywasfoundedbyKingAlfredin872toencourageeducationandestablishschoolsthroughouthisterritory.Likeagrammarschool,itwasjustaplaceforteachingLatingrammaratthattime.TheUniversityactuallybeganinthe12thcenturyasgatheringsofstudentsaroundpopularmasters.Theuniversityconsistedofpeople,notbuildings.Thebuildingscamelaterasarecognitionofsomethingthatalreadyexisted.Inaway,Oxfordwasneverfounded;itgrew.當(dāng)前42頁，總共61頁。ChancellorofOxfordOxfordisoneofthegreatestuniversitiesintheworld.Ithasplayedadistinguishedpartinthehistoryofourcountryandourcontinent,andhasmuchtocontributetooursuccessandourwell-beingasacivilizedcommunityinthefuture.ChrisPatten當(dāng)前43頁，總共61頁。OxbridgeBoatRaceTheBoatRacebetweenOxford&CambridgestartedJune10,1829.TheeventisnowaBritishnationalinstitution,andistelevised

liveeachyear.TheracehasbeenwonbyCambridge79timesandOxford73sofar.Theraceiscurrentlyrunoverafourmileand374yard(6.8km)

stretchoftheRiverThamesbetweenPutneyandMortlakeinLondon.OxfordweardarkblueandCambridgelightblue.

當(dāng)前44頁，總共61頁。TheDarkBlueCrew當(dāng)前45頁，總共61頁。TheLightBlues&DarkBlues當(dāng)前46頁，總共61頁。GlasgowUniversityNottinghamUniversity當(dāng)前47頁，總共61頁。BuckinghamUni.VerneyParkCampusChandosRoadCampus當(dāng)前48頁，總共61頁。UniversitygraduatesdominateBritishpoliticalleadership,especiallythosefromOxbridge–Thatcher&BlairfromOxford;2/3ofBlair’scabinetmemberseducatedatOxfordorCambridge.當(dāng)前49頁，總共61頁。Students’ActivitiesOuting當(dāng)前50頁，總共61頁。Pubbing當(dāng)前51頁，總共61頁。SportsRugbyFootball當(dāng)前52頁，總共61頁。Choir當(dāng)前53頁，總共61頁。ChineseHigherEducationenrollmentexpansionResourcesarestraining.Educationqualityissuffering.Intensecompetitioninthejobmarket.eliteedu.vs.massedu.dilemma1345當(dāng)前54頁，總共61頁。HaveadiscussiononthedefectsofChinesehighereducationDefect1:

BlindEnrollmentExpansionDefect2:

AwkwardTeachingMethodDefect3:

Prescribed/DesignatedTextbooksDefect4:

UnreasonableCurriculumDefect5:

UnfairAssessmentSystem當(dāng)前55頁，總共61頁。Defect1:

BlindEnrollmentExpansionUniversitiesseemtohaveenrolledmorethantheycanaccom