高考英語復(fù)習(xí)新題型閱讀填空題精練

2008高考英語復(fù)習(xí)新題型（閱讀填空題）精練閱讀短文，根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在表中的空格處填上適當?shù)膯卧~或短語，每空不超過3個單詞。（共10小題，每小題1分，滿分10分）Countriesalsouseanimalsassymbols.Fromeaglestolions,manycountriesuseananimaltoshowitsnationalspiritandcharacter.TheimageofaneagleisontheUSPresident'sflag,andontheone-dollarbill.Thebaldeagleisalarge,powerful,brownbirdwithawhiteheadandtail.TheUSdeclaredthattheeaglewasitsnationalbirdin1782.Itwaschosenbecauseof"itslonglife,greatstrength,andnoblelooks".But,oneoftheFoundingFathers,BenjaminFranklindidn'tagreewiththechoice."Thebaldeagle...isabirdofbadmoralcharacter;likethoseamongmenwholivebyrobbing"heargued.Franklinwantedtheturkeyasthecountry'snationalbird.IfAmericanschosetheirnationalsymboldeliberately（人為地），thesymbolofEnglandaroseoutofhistory.KingHenryI（1068-1135）wasabravewarriorbutalsowise.HewasthefirstEnglishKingtousealionasaroyalsymbol,whichispopularlyknownasthe"kingofthejungle".BytheyearRichardI,knownas"TheLionHeart"forhisbravery,cametothethronein1189,thefamousThreeLionsbadgehadbeenformed.NowitcanbeseenontheshirtsofEngland'ssportsteams.EveryoneknowsabouttheAustraliankangaroo.Legendhasitthatthekangaroogetsitsnamefromanearlymeetingbetweenlocalaboriginesandwhitesettlers.WhenaskedbytheEuropeanswhatthesestrange-lookinganimalswere,anativereplied"kangaroo"meaning,"Idon'tunderstandyou."Thekangarooisanindividualisticanimal.Althoughitdoesgatheringroups,thekangarooisnotaherdanimal.Ifagroupisattacked,individualsrunoffindifferentdirections.Australiansthinkthekangaroorepresentspositivevalues,suchasindividualresponsibilityandpride.AnimalsShowingNationalSpiritandCharacter76. CountryFeaturesWhychosen/consideredsoEagle78.80.82.GreatstrengthPowerful83. 77. England81. 84. Knownas“kingofthejungle”Kangaroo79. IndividualisticTypicaltotheland85. Haveyoueverbeenfrustrated（沮喪的）whenlefttalkingtoyourselfafteryourmobilephonebatteryrunsoutinthemiddleofacall?Ifyes,thenherecomessomegoodnews.Scientistsarenowperfectingawaytorecharge（充電）electricalequipmentwhileonthemove.ResearchersfromtheNetherlands,FranceandPortugalannouncedlastweekthattheyhavedevelopedverythinsolarpanels（太陽能板）thatcanbeputonclothes.Theycanalsobeaddedtofurnitureandrooftops.Theychangelightfromthesunintoelectricity.Inaboutthreeyears,you'llbeabletowearajacketthatwillrechargeyourphoneasyouwalk.Forcampingfans,thedevelopmentcouldleadtoatentwhichchargesbatteriesalldaysoyoucanhavelightormusicatnight.Thebasictechnologyofwearablesolarpanelsisthesameasthatusedforconventional傳統(tǒng)的）solarpanels.Pairsofsheetsofsemi-conductingsilicon（半導(dǎo)體硅）arelinkedtogethertoformthepanel.Butscientistsmadethemmuchthinnerbyusingdifferentsilicon.Atonemicro-metre,theyarethesamethicknessasphotographicfilm."Thistechnologywillmakeiteasierforpeopletousecleanenergysources,"saidGerritKroesen,aphysicistintheNetherlandswholedtheteamofscientists.Butthethinpanelsarenotasefficientasthethickerones.Whilesomesolarpanelsnowoperateatanefficiencyofabout20percent,thenewflexible（柔韌的）panelsareonly7percentefficient.Butthescientistsbelievethatthisisworthacceptingforastrongerandmoreusefulpanel.Butthethinnerpanelischeaper.AnA4sizedpanelputontothebackofajacketcostslessthanUS$13,Itcouldchargeacellphoneduringasummerwalkinthecountryside.Aslongasyoustaywithinrangeofthetransmittingmasts（發(fā)射天線）thatrelayacalltothenetworks,phoneswillneveragainrunoutofpower.NewWaytoRechargeElectricalEquipmentNewinvention76. 77. ChangelightfromthesunintoelectricityBasicmaterial78. Developmentintechnology79. 80. 81. EasiertousecleanenergysourcesCheaperWheretofix82. 83. Rooftops84. NetherlandsFrancePortugalCountryoftheleadingresearcher85. Eventssuchashurricanes,earthquakes,floods,volcaniceruptions,andtornadoesareallnaturaldisasters.Theyaremostlyrelatedtotheweather.Somearepredictable——likeahurricane.Some,likeanearthquake,surpriseus.Itisnecessaryforustolearnaboutthem,sowecanbeprepared!Floodinghappensduringheavyrains,whenriversoverflow,whenoceanwavescomeonshore,whensnowmeltstoofastorwhendamsorbanksbreak.Floodingisthemostcommonofallnaturaldisasters.HurricanesareseveretropicalstormsthatforminthesouthernAtlanticOcean,CaribbeanSea,GulfofMexico,andinthePacificOcean.Hurricanesgatherheatandenergythroughcontactwithwarmoceanwaters.Evaporationfromtheseawaterincreasestheirpower.Hurricaneshavewindsatleast74milesperhour.Whentheycomeontoland,theheavyrain,strongwindsandheavywavescandamagebuildings,treesandcars.Tornadoesarenature,smostviolentstorms.Tornadoesmustalwaysbetakenseriously.Tornadoescanbeverydangerous——sometimesevendeadly.Theycomefrompowerfulthunderstormsandappearasmoving.Tornadowindscanreach300milesperhour.Theycausedamagewhentheylandtheground.Theycandamageanareaonemilewideand50mileslong.Whilethunderwon'thurtyou——lightningwill!Soit'simportanttopayattentionwhenyouhearthunder.Thunderstormshappenmostlyinsummerandeverythunderstormhaslightning.Lightningcanstrikepeopleandbuildings,whichisverydangerous.Thunderstormsaffectsmallareaswhencomparedwithhurricanesandwinterstorms.Thetypicalthunderstormis15milesindiameterandlastsanaverageof30minutes.Avolcanoisamountainwithalargeopeningatthetopthroughwhichmeltingrock,steam,gasesescapefromtimetotimewithviolentforcefrominsidetheearth.Whenpressureincreases,eruptionsoccur.Gasesandrockshootupthroughtheopeningfilltheairwithsmallpieces.Eruptions

cancauselavaflows,hotashflows,mudslides,fallingashandfloods,whichislikelytoknockdownentireforests,causefloodsandearthquakes.Freshvolcanicashcancausedamagetothelungsofolderpeople,babiesandpeoplewithrespiratoryproblems.TerribleNaturalDisasters76. ReasonsBasicfeaturesPossibledamagetoFloodingHeavyrainsThemostcommon79. SnowmeltsDamsorbanksbreaks77. 80. BuildingsStrongwindatleast74milesperhour82. HeavywavesTornadoesWind300milesperhour83. 81. ThunderLightning84. 78.PressureinsideEarthGasesandrockshootuP85.CausefloodsandearthquakesThepeople'shealthManyanimalandplantspecieshavebecomeextinct（滅絕的）andmanymoreareincriticaldanger.DodoTheDodoisaclassicexampleofhowhumancauseddamagetotheearth'sbiology.TheflightlessDodowasnativetotheIslandofMauritiusintheIndianOcean.Theeasilycontrolledbirdbecameasourceoffoodforsailorsandwasattackedbyanimalsintroducedtotheislandbyhumanssuchaspigs,monkeysandrats.ThepopulationofDodosrapidlydecreasedandlastonewaskilledin1681.RhinosTheRhino（犀牛）hornisahighlyprizeditemforAsianmedicine.Thishasledtotheanimalbeinghuntedinitsnaturalhabitat.OncewidespreadinAfricaandEurasia,mostrhinosnowliveinprotectednaturalparksandreserves（保護區(qū)）.Theirnumbershaverapidlydecreasedinthelast50years,andtheanimalsremainunderconstantthreatfrompoachers（偷獵者）.TheGiantPandaThefutureoftheGiantPandaisfarfromcertain.Asfewas1000remaininthewild.TheChinesegovernmenthassetup33pandareservestoprotectthesebeautifulanimals.However,Thepanda'sdistinctblackandwhitepatchedcoatfetchesahighpriceontheblackmarketanddeterminedpoachersstillpose（造成）oneofthemostseriousthreatstotheanimalscontinuedexistence.WhalesDespitethefactthatone-thirdtheworld'soceanshavebeendeclaredwhalesanctuaries（保護區(qū)），7outof13whalespeciesremainendangered.Huntedfortheirrichsupplyofoil,theirnumbershavedecreasedtojust300.Collisions（碰撞）withships,poisonouspollutionandbeingcaughtinfishingnetsareothermajorcausesofwhaledeaths.TigersThelast100yearshasseena95%reductioninthenumbersofremainingtigerstobetween5000and7000andTheBali,Javan,andCaspiantigersarealreadyextinct.TheSouthChinatigerisprecariouslyclosetodisappearing,withonly20to30stillalive.LiketheRhinohorn,tandorgansaresoughtafterfortraditionalChinesemedicines.Theseitemsaretradedillegallyalongwithtigerskins.AnimalConservation76. PresentstateReasonsfordecreasingMainfeatures/useDodo78. Huntedforfood84. AttackedbyanimalsRhinosRapidlydecreased81. 85. TigersSomespeciesextinctHuntedforbonesTraditionalChinesemedicines79. HuntedfororgansWhales80. 82. RichoilCollisionswithships83. Caughtinfishingnets77. FarfromcertainThreatsfrompoachersblackandwhitepatchedcoatThesmartjobseekerneedstoridherselfofseveralstandardmythsaboutinterviewing.Whatfollowsisalistofsomeoftheseuntruthsandsomesuggestionstohelpyoudoyourbestatajobinterview.Myth1:Theaimofinterviewingistoobtainajoboffer.Onlyhalftrue.Therealaimofaninterviewistoobtainthejobyouwant.Thatoftenmeansrejectingjoboffersyoudon’twant!So,beforeyoumakeitwithanemployer,besureyouwantthejob.Myth2:Alwayspleasetheinterviewer.Nottrue.Trytopleaseyourself.Givinganswersthatyouthinkwillsuitaprobableemployerandpracticingapolicyofappeasement(討好)arecertaintogetyounowhere.Aneffectiveinterview(whetheryouareofferedthejobornot)islikeanexcitingencounterinconversationwithyourseatmateonanairplane.Myth3:NeverinterrupttheinterviewerAnexcitingconversationalwaysmakesusfeelfree-freetointerrupt,todisagree,toagreeenthusiastically.So,wheninterviewing,trytobeyourself.Employerswilleitherlikeordislikeyou,butatleastyou,llhavemadeanimpression.Leavinganemployerindifferentistheworstimpressionyoucanmake.Andthewaytomakeaneffectiveimpressionistofeelfreetobeyourself!Myth4:NeverexpressdifferentopinionsAnothersillymyth.Don,tbeafraidtodisagreewithyourinterviewerinanagreeableway.Anddon,thesitatetochangeyourmind.Theworstthatcouldhappenwouldbethattheinterviewersaystoherself“There,sapersonwithanopenmind!”JobSeeker’SStandardMythsTopic77. Author,sopinionFalsepractice82. 76. Myth178. ObtainajobofferObtainthejobyouwantMakesurewhatyouwantMyth2Nottrue80. 83. TreattheinterviewerasyourseatmateMyth3Nottrue81. 84. Myth479. Neverrefuse85. Freetochangeyourmind6IfyouthinkaboutWorldHeritageSites,youprobablythinkofplacesassociatedwithancientartandculture,historicalbuildingsandmonuments.Andofcourse,manyoftheseareontheWorldHeritageList(WHL)(世界遺產(chǎn)名錄).ButtheWHLcontainsalotofsitesthatarenotsoobvious.Let'slookatafewofthem.CitadelofHaitiThesemonumentswerebuiltattheendofthenineteenthcenturywhenHaitibecameindependentandthemanythousandsofblackslavesinHaitiwerefreeforthefirsttime.Theseex-slavesbuiltthemonuments,whichtheWHLdescribesas“auniversalsymbolofliberty”.RobbenIslandinSouthAfricaThisislandwasusedthroughthecenturiesasaprison,ahospitalandamilitarybase.Butit'sprobablymostfamousasamaximum-securityprisonforpoliticalprisonersinthetwentiethcentury.NelsonMandelawasoneofitsmostfamousresidents.TheWHLsaysitrepresents“thetriumphofdemocracyandfreedomoveroppressionandracism”.TheDarjeelingHimalayanRailwayinIndiaThisrailwaywasopenedin1881andisstilloperatingtoday.Itcrossesadifficultareaofmountainlandscapeanditisagreatexampleofrailwayengineering.TheWHLsaysthatitis“thefirst,andstillthemostoutstanding,exampleofahillpassengerrailway”.BordersofFranceandSpainThisisanareaofgreatnaturalbeautyandthemountainshavemanyinterestinggeologicalformations.Butitisalsoanareaofsmallfarms.PeopletherestilluseatypeofagriculturethatusedtobecommoninmountainousareasofEuropebuthasalmostcompletelydisappearedinmoderntimes.ThecityofBrasilia,BrazilBrasiliaisacapitalcitythatwascreatedfromnothingin1956.TheWHLcallsit“alandmarkinthehistoryoftownplanning”.Thedifferentareasofthecityandthebuildingsthemselveswerealldesignedatthesametimecarefully.Everypartofthecityshowstheideasoftheplannerandarchitect.WorldHeritage76. SpecialfeaturesReasonsforbeingchosenOnwhichcontinentCitadelofHaitiEx-slavesbuiltthem80. 84. RobbenIslandinSouthAfrica77. 81. AfricaMandelawasonceaprisonerthereFreedom overoppressionandracismThe DarjeelingHimalayanRailwayinIndiaThefirstmountainrailwayforhillpassengers82. AsiaBordersofFranceand78. Atypeofagriculture85. SpainInterestinggeologicalformationsSmallfarmswhichdisappearedThecityofBrasilia,Brazil79. 83. SouthAmericaCarefullydesigned7Somebeachcreaturesarewonderful--likedolphins,butothersaredangerous.Findoutmoreaboutthedangerousones-pufferfish,blueringed-octopus,andstingrays.TheblueringedoctopusTheblueringedoctopusisnotaverybigcreaturebutitisverydangerous.TheseoctopusesarefoundallaroundAustraliancoast.Theyoftenlieinrockpoolsclosetoshore.Theblueringedoctopusisusuallyadullcolourbutitshowsitsbrightblueringswhenitisindanger.Ifitistakenoutofthewateritisabletobiteapersonandpoisonthem.Ifthiscreaturebitessomeonetheywillfeelnumbness（麻木）aroundthemouth,faceandneck.PufferFishPufferFisharefoundinallJapaneseseas.Theyareveryeasytocatchbutmustnotbeeatenbecausetheirfleshandinternalorganscontainapoison.Anyonewhodoeseatthefleshcanbecomesickveryquickly.Theymayevenstopbreathing.TheBlueBottleTheBlueBottleisfoundinmostCaribbeanwaters.BlueBottlesfloatlightlyonthesurfaceofthewaterbuttheirtentacles（觸須）canbeaslongas10metres.BlueBottlesaremuchlessdangerousthansomeotherjellyfishbuttheycangiveaswimmerabadsting（刺）iftheswimmeraccidentallytouchesthem.StingraysTherearemanydifferentkindsofstingraysinMauritiuswaters.Theyusuallyswimandfeedonthebottomofthesea.Accidentscanhappenifpeoplestandonthemortrytopickthemup.Stingrayshaveastingontheirtail.Thesestingshavepoisononthem.Ifsomeoneisstungthewoundcaneasilybecomeinfected.HarmfulBeachCreatures76. FeaturesWhatresulttomanWherecreaturesliveTheblueringedoctopus77.81.84.DangerousPufferFish78. BecomesickAllJapaneseseasUnfittoeat82. TheBlueBottle79. Giveasting85. LessdangerousStingrays80. Havepoison83. MauritiuswatersMountainclimbingasaformofrecreationbeganinEuropeinabout1880.In1857,agroupofmountaineersfoundedtheAlpineClubinLondon.Theclubwasthefirsttopromotemountainclimbingasanorganizedsport.Themostfamousclimbinmountaineeringhistorytookplacein1953.InthatyearSirEdmundHillaryofNewZealandandTenzingNorgayofNepalreachedthetopofMountEverest,theworld'shighestmountain.Therearethreebasicformsofmountainclimbing:（1）rockclimbing,（2）snowandiceclimbing,and（3）mixedclimbing.Eachhasitsownspecialequipmentandtechniques.Rockclimbingmeansclimbinguptherockcliffsandmountains.Rockclimbingispopularwithbeginningclimbers,whogenerallypracticeonnearbycliffsthatarenottoodifficult.Rockclimbersmustlearntheproperuseofbasicequipment,includingropesandsuchspecializeddevicesaspitons（巖釘），snaplinks（扣）,andchocks（防滑楔子）.SnowandIceClimbingincludeclimbinginwinteronglaciers（冰河），inicegullies（峽谷），oronslopes（斜坡）coveredwithsnowandice.Beginnersmustlearntousecrampons（釘鞋），whichservethepurposeofgripping（抓緊）iceorhardsnow.Climbersshouldalsounderstandwhathappenstoiceandsnowundervariousconditions.MixedClimbingcombineselementsofrockclimbingandsnowandiceclimbing.Mountaineersmustfaceroughrockylandaswellassnowandiceandriskyslopes.Asaresult,mixedclimbingrequiresthemostexperience.CertainroutesonMountMckinleyinAlaskaandMountRainerinWashingtonareexamplesofmixedclimbing.MountainClimbingForms ofmountainclimbingBasicequipmentPlacetopracticeDegree84. Rockclimbing76. Nearbycliffs82. LearnhowtousebasicequipmentPitons77. ChocksSnowandiceclimbingCramponsGlaciersDifficultLearnhowtousebasicequipmentIcegulliesUnderstandwhathappenstoiceandsnow79. MixedClimbing5.Snowandice81. Youarewhatyoueatsomaybeit'stimeyoustartedeatingsensibly.ExpertsatthefirstChineseStudentsNutritionandHealthFestivalinKunminglastweeksingledout（挑選）severalbadeatinghabits.Watchingtelevisionwhilehavingmealsorsnacks（零食）.Doingthismeansyoudon'tpayattentiontoyourfood,forgethowfullyouare,andsoovereat.Itcanalsocausedigestion（消化）diseases.Onewaytoavoidthisisonlytoeatincertainareasofyourhome.Replacingmealswithsnacks.Manystudentsthinkthateatingsmallsnackscanhelpthemdiet.Butitoftenresultsinovereatingandhealthproblemsrelatedtoalackofvegetables,carbohydrates（碳水化合物）,proteinsandvitamins.Snackingonlyworksifitiswellplannedandincludeshealthyfoodssuchasnuts,vegetables,fruitandyogurt（酸奶）.Havingdrinksratherthanwater.Fizzy（有氣泡的）drinksandfruitjuiceareusuallyhighincaloriesandsugar,whichcancauseweightproblems.Waterisimportantinmakingyourbraincellsandeveryorganinyourbodyworkproperly.Foryourbodytoburnfat,itneedsatleasteightglassesofpurewateraday.Liquidslikesoda（蘇打水）andcoffeeactuallytakewaterawayfromyourbody.Choosingmeatandcertainvegetablesoverothers.Differentfoodsprovidedifferentkindsofnutrition.Ifyoudon'thaveabalanceddiet,thiscanresultinmalnutrition（營養(yǎng)失調(diào)）andaweakerbody.Eatingthroattablets（潤喉片）asiftheyweresweets.Ifyoueatthroattabletswhenyouhavenothroatdisease,theymayaffectthebacteria（細菌）inyourmouthandcauserealthroatproblems.DevelopaHealthierLifestyle76. ResultsPossibleproblems82. Watchingtelevisionwhileeatin