2019年英語新選修六講義Unit3SectionⅣLearningaboutLanguageUsingLanguage

Section_ⅣLearning_about_Language_&_Using_Language[原文呈現(xiàn)]ALEXANDERGRAHAMBELLAlexanderGrahamBell①wasbornin1847inScotland,butwhenhewasyounghisfamilymovedtoBoston,USA.Hismotherwasalmostentirely②deaf,soAlexanderbecameinterestedinhelpingdeafpeoplecommunicateandindeafeducation.Thisinterestledhimto③inventthemicrophone④.Hefoundthatbypressinghislipsagainst⑤hismother'sforehead⑥，hecouldmakehismotherunderstandwhathewassaying.Hebelievedthatoneshouldalwaysbecuriousandhismostfamoussayingwas：“Leavethebeatentrack⑦occasionally⑧anddiveinto⑨t(yī)hewoods.Everytime⑩youdoyouwillbecertaintofindsomethingthatyouhaveneverseenbefore?.Followitup,exploreallaroundit,andbeforeyouknowit?，youwillhavesomethingworththinking?abouttooccupyyourmind.Allreallybigdiscoveriesaretheresultofthought.”[讀文清障]①AlexanderGraham/??lIɡ'zɑ?nd?'ɡreI?m/Bell亞歷山大·格雷厄姆·貝爾②entirelyadv.完全地；徹底地③leadsb.todosth.致使/導(dǎo)致某人做某事④microphone/'maIkr?f??n/n.麥克風(fēng)；話筒⑤press...against壓在……上⑥forehead/'f?rId/n.額頭⑦beatentrack被踩出來的路；常規(guī)；慣例⑧occasionally/?'keI??n?lI/adv.偶然地；不時(shí)地⑨diveinto迅速把手伸入；一心投入⑩everytime是名詞短語作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，相當(dāng)于whenever，意為“每次……”。?thatyouhaveneverseenbefore是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾something。?beforeyouknowit可翻譯成“不知不覺地”。?beworthdoingsth.值得做某事，doing此處用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。亞歷山大·格雷厄姆·貝爾[第1～2段譯文]亞歷山大·格雷厄姆·貝爾1847年出生于蘇格蘭，但在他還小的時(shí)候，他家就搬到了美國(guó)的波士頓。他的母親幾乎全聾了，因此他有志于幫助聾人交流，并從事聾人教育事業(yè)。這一愛好促使他發(fā)明了麥克風(fēng)。他發(fā)現(xiàn)他把嘴唇放到母親的額頭上，就可以使母親聽懂他所說的話。他認(rèn)為一個(gè)人應(yīng)當(dāng)具有好奇心，他最著名的一句話是：“偶爾離開平路去尋求困境。當(dāng)你這樣做的時(shí)候，你一定會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你從未見過的東西。跟蹤下去，不斷探索，不知不覺中，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)某種值得思考的東西占據(jù)著你的頭腦。所有真正偉大的發(fā)現(xiàn)都是思考的結(jié)果。”Itwasthisexploringaroundproblemsandhisdynamic?spiritthat?ledtohismostfamousinvention—thetelephonein1876.Bellneversetoutto?inventthetelephoneandwhathewastryingtodesign?wasamultiple?telegraph.ThisoriginaltelegraphsentamessageoverdistancesusingMorsecode?(aseriesofdots?tappedeq\o(○,\s\up1(21))outalongawireeq\o(○,\s\up1(22))inaparticularorder).Butonlyonemessagecouldgoatatimeeq\o(○,\s\up1(23)).Bellwantedtoimproveitsothateq\o(○,\s\up1(24))itcouldsendseveralmessagesatthesametime.Hedesignedamachinethatwouldseparateeq\o(○,\s\up1(25))differentsoundwavesandallowdifferentconversationstobeheldatthesametime.Buthefoundtheproblemdifficulttosolveeq\o(○,\s\up1(26)).Onedayashewasexperimentingwitheq\o(○,\s\up1(27))oneendofastraweq\o(○,\s\up1(28))joinedtoadeafman'seardrumeq\o(○,\s\up1(29))andtheothertoapieceofsmokedglass,Bellnoticedthatwhenhespokeintotheear,thestrawdrewsoundwavesontheglass.Suddenlyhehadaflashofinspirationeq\o(○,\s\up1(30)).Ifsoundwavescouldbereproducedeq\o(○,\s\up1(31))inamovingelectricalcurrenteq\o(○,\s\up1(32))，theycouldbesentalongawire.Insearchingtoimprovethetelegraph,Bellhadinventedthefirsttelephone！?dynamic/daI'n?mIk/adj.充滿活力的；精力充沛的；動(dòng)態(tài)的；發(fā)展變化的?Itwas...that...是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)了句子主語thisexploring和spirit。?setout(todo)開始(做)?whathewastryingtodesign是what引導(dǎo)的主語從句。?multiple/'m?ltIpl/adj.多種的；多樣的；多類型的n．倍數(shù)?Morse/m??s/code莫爾斯電碼?dot/d?t/n.點(diǎn)；小圓點(diǎn)vt.以小圓點(diǎn)標(biāo)出；分散eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))tap/t?p/vt.&vi.輕打；輕拍；輕敲n．輕輕地敲擊(聲)；(水)龍頭eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))wire/'waI?/n.金屬絲；電線eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))atatime一次eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))thatwouldseparate...是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，對(duì)amachine加以修飾和限制。eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))difficulttosolve是形容詞短語作后置定語，相當(dāng)于定語從句thatwhichisdifficulttosolve。tosolve是動(dòng)詞不定式，用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))experimentwith用/對(duì)……做實(shí)驗(yàn)；試用eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))straw/str??/n.稻草；麥稈；飲料吸管eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))過去分詞短語joinedtoadeafman'seardrum作定語。eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))aflashofinspiration靈機(jī)一動(dòng)eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))reproduce/?ri?pr?'dju?s/vt.復(fù)制；再現(xiàn)……的形象或聲音eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))current/'k?r?nt/n.(水或氣)流；電流adj.現(xiàn)在的；當(dāng)前的[第3段譯文]正是這種對(duì)問題的探索和富有活力的精神造就了他那最著名的發(fā)明——1876年的電話的。貝爾并非一開始就想要發(fā)明電話的，他本來想設(shè)計(jì)的東西是多路電報(bào)。這種原始的電報(bào)用莫爾斯電碼長(zhǎng)距離傳送信息莫爾斯電碼是通過電線發(fā)出的以特定的次序敲擊出的一連串點(diǎn)、劃。但是這樣一次只能發(fā)一個(gè)信息。貝爾想改進(jìn)電報(bào)通訊方式，以便同時(shí)能發(fā)出好幾個(gè)信息。他設(shè)計(jì)了一種機(jī)器，以使聲波分成不同的音調(diào)，從而有可能在同一時(shí)間里進(jìn)行不同的通話。但是他發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)問題很難解決。有一天做實(shí)驗(yàn)，他把一根干草的一端和一個(gè)耳聾的人的耳鼓膜連接起來，另一端連接了一塊被煙熏過的玻璃。貝爾發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)他對(duì)著耳朵說話的時(shí)候，這根干草就把聲波畫在玻璃上。突然間他靈機(jī)一動(dòng)，靈感來了。如果聲波能夠以連續(xù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的電流形式復(fù)制的話，那么聲波就可以沿著導(dǎo)線傳送出去了。在探求改進(jìn)電報(bào)的過程中，貝爾發(fā)明了第一臺(tái)電話機(jī)！Bellwasfullyawareofeq\o(○,\s\up1(33))theimportanceofhisinventionandwrotetohisfather：“Thedayiscomingwhentelegraphwireswillbelaidontohousesjustlikewaterorgaseq\o(○,\s\up1(34))—andfriendswilltalktoeachotherwithoutleavinghome.”Thepatentwasgivenin1876,butitwasnotuntilfivedayslaterthateq\o(○,\s\up1(35))BellsenthisfirsttelephonemessagetohisassistantWatson.Thewordshavenowbecomefamous:,eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))beawareof意識(shí)到eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))when引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾theday。iscoming是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來。eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))itwasnotuntilfivedayslaterthat...是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語notuntilfivedayslater?！癕rWatson—comehere—Iwanttoseeyou.”AlexanderGrahamBellwasnotamantorestandheinterestedeq\o(○,\s\up1(36))himselfinmanyotherareasofinvention.Heexperimentedwithhelicoptereq\o(○,\s\up1(37))designsandflyingmachines.Whilesearchingforakiteeq\o(○,\s\up1(38))strongenoughtocarryamanintotheair,Bellexperimentedputtingtriangleseq\o(○,\s\up1(39))togetheranddiscoveredthetetrahedroneq\o(○,\s\up1(40))shape.Beingverystableeq\o(○,\s\up1(41))，ithasprovedinvaluableeq\o(○,\s\up1(42))inthedesignofbridges.Bellwasaninventorallhislife.Hemadehisfirstinventionatelevenandhislastatseventy-five.Althoughheismostoftenassociatedeq\o(○,\s\up1(43))withtheinventionofthetelephoneeq\o(○,\s\up1(44))，hewasindeedacontinuingeq\o(○,\s\up1(45))searcherafterpracticaleq\o(○,\s\up1(46))solutionstoimprovethequalityofeverybody'slife.eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))interestsb./oneselfin使某人/自己對(duì)某事、某物感興趣eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))helicopter/'helIk?pt?/n.直升飛機(jī)eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))Whilesearchingforakite...是時(shí)間狀語從句的省略形式，補(bǔ)充完整為：Whilehewassearchingforakite...eq\o(○,\s\up1(39))triangle/'traI??ɡl/n．三角形；三角形物體eq\o(○,\s\up1(40))tetrahedron/?tetr?'hi?drn/n.四面體eq\o(○,\s\up1(41))stable/'steIbl/adj.穩(wěn)固的；穩(wěn)定的；安定的eq\o(○,\s\up1(42))invaluable/In'v?lj??bl/adj.無價(jià)的；極寶貴的eq\o(○,\s\up1(43))associate/?'s???IeIt/vt.聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系/?'s???I?t/n.同伴；伙伴eq\o(○,\s\up1(44))Although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(45))continuing是現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，意為“持續(xù)的；永不停息的”。eq\o(○,\s\up1(46))practical/'pr?ktIkl/adj.實(shí)際的；實(shí)踐的；實(shí)用的[第4～7段譯文]貝爾完全意識(shí)到這項(xiàng)發(fā)明的重要性，他寫信對(duì)他的父親說：“這樣的一天即將到來。到那時(shí)，電報(bào)線將會(huì)鋪到各家各戶，就像水和煤氣通到各家各戶一樣。朋友之間不必離開家就可以彼此通話了。”這項(xiàng)專利是1876年授予的，但是直到5天以后貝爾才跟他的助手華生通了第一次電話。他說的話現(xiàn)在已成名言了：“華生先生——到這兒來——我想見到你?！眮啔v山大·格雷厄姆·貝爾是個(gè)閑不住的人，他對(duì)許多其他領(lǐng)域的發(fā)明都感興趣。他試驗(yàn)直升飛機(jī)和設(shè)計(jì)飛行器。他尋找一種強(qiáng)度足以把人帶上天空的風(fēng)箏，他又試著把三角形拼裝在一起，因而發(fā)現(xiàn)了四面體。這種四面體非常穩(wěn)定，被證明是在橋梁設(shè)計(jì)中的無價(jià)之寶。貝爾的一生都在發(fā)明創(chuàng)造。他11歲時(shí)就有了第一項(xiàng)發(fā)明，而他的最后一項(xiàng)發(fā)明則是在他75歲高齡的時(shí)候。雖然人們常把他和發(fā)明電話聯(lián)系起來，但是他的確是一名永不停息的探索家，不斷尋求著改善人們生活質(zhì)量的途徑。Step1True(T)orFalse(F)．1．Itwashisinterestinproblemsandhishardworkthatledtohismostfamousinvention.__F__2．Duringthedesignofamultipletelegraph,Bellinventedthetelephoneoccasionally.__T__3．AlexanderGrahamBellwasnotamantorestandhewasaninventorallhislife.__T__4．Bellsenthisfirsttelephonemessagebeforehegothispatent.__F__Step2Choosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext.1．AlexanderGrahamBellinventedthemicrophonebecause________.A．hewasinterestedinthemicrophoneB．helikeinventinganythinghelikedC．hewantedtohelpdeafpeoplelikehismothertocommunicatewithothersD．hehadnothingtodobutkillthetime2．WhatwasnotincludedinAlexanderGrahamBell'sexperimentmentionedinthetext?A．Astraw. B．Amicrophone.C．Smokedglass. D．Adeafman'seardrum.3．FromthetextwecanseethatAlexanderGrahamBellwasa________person.A．poor B．creativeC．rich D．kind4．Accordingtothetext,Bellgotsuchgreatachievementthanksto________.A．a(chǎn)strawjoinedtoadeafman'seardrumB．theexploringaroundproblemsC．a(chǎn)movingelectricalcurrentD．hisexcellentassistantWatson5．Themainideaofthetextisabout________.A．AlexanderGrahamBell'slifeB．AlexanderGrahamBell'slifeandinventionsC．AlexanderGrahamBell'sinventionsD．howAlexanderGrahamBellinventedthetelephone答案：1～5CBBBB一、這樣記單詞記得準(zhǔn)·寫得對(duì)記得快·記得多Ⅰ.基礎(chǔ)詞匯1.ripeadj.熟的；成熟的2.bearvt.忍受；忍耐；負(fù)擔(dān)3.foreheadn.額頭4.tapvt.&vi.輕打；輕拍；輕敲n.輕輕地敲擊(聲)；(水)龍頭5.currentn.(水或氣)流；電流adj.現(xiàn)在的；當(dāng)前的6.stableadj.穩(wěn)固的；穩(wěn)定的；安定的7.versionn.版本；譯本8.personneln.人力資源；人事部；全體人員Ⅱ.拓展詞匯1.freezingadj.冰凍的；嚴(yán)寒的→freezev．(使)結(jié)冰；(使)凍結(jié)→frozenadj.凍結(jié)的2.identificationn．鑒定；辨認(rèn)；確定；身份證明→identifyv．認(rèn)出；識(shí)別；鑒定→identityn．身份；同一性3.innocentadj.清白的；無罪的；天真的→innocencen．天真；清白4.associatevt.聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系n．同伴；伙伴→associationn．聯(lián)合；聯(lián)想；社團(tuán)；協(xié)會(huì)5.practicaladj.實(shí)際的；實(shí)踐的；實(shí)用的→practicallyadv.幾乎；差不多；講究實(shí)際地→practicen．實(shí)踐；實(shí)施6.extensionn．電話分機(jī)；擴(kuò)大；延伸→extendv．延伸；擴(kuò)大；推廣7.competencen．能力；勝任；本領(lǐng)→competentadj.能勝任的；有能力的；稱職的1.ripeadj.成熟的(主要指果實(shí)、谷物成熟)；熟的[同義]mature,developed,ready,full-grown[反義]unripe,raw,immature2.“忍受”家族①bearv．②standv．③toleratev．④endurev.⑤withstandv.⑥putupwith3.currentadj.&n.當(dāng)前的；現(xiàn)在的；現(xiàn)行的；(水或氣)流；電流[詞塊]①currentaffairs時(shí)事②themaincurrent主流③currentbelief普遍的觀點(diǎn)④currentdifficulty目前的困難4.personneln．人力資源；人事部；全體人員表示總稱的名詞一覽①staffn.全體職員②therich,theold,theyoung富人，老人，年輕人③familyn.家人④thepolice警察⑤peoplen.人們⑥machineryn.機(jī)器的總稱⑦furnituren.家具⑧cattlen.牛5.含fore-(前的)前綴的單詞面面觀①foreheadn.前額②forecastvt.&n.預(yù)報(bào)③foreseevt.預(yù)見；預(yù)知④forewordn.前言；序言⑤forearmn.前臂⑥foretellv.預(yù)告二、這樣記短語記牢固定短語多積常用詞塊1.dive_into迅速把手伸入；一心投入2．set_out_(to_do)開始(做)3．hang_on不掛斷；稍等；緊緊握住4．out_of_order次序顛倒；發(fā)生故障5．get_through設(shè)法聯(lián)系上(尤指打通電話)；(設(shè)法)做完；通過6．ring_back回復(fù)電話7．ring_off掛斷電話1.entirelydeaf幾乎全聾2．theresultofthought思考的結(jié)果3．dynamicspirit富有活力的精神4．inventthetelephone發(fā)明電話5．soundwaves聲波6．a(chǎn)flashofinspiration靈感閃現(xiàn)；靈機(jī)一動(dòng)7．inmanyotherareas在許多其他領(lǐng)域8．beatentrack踩出來的路；慣例；常規(guī)三、這樣記句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Everytimeyoudoyouwillbecertaintofindsomethingthatyouhaveneverseenbefore.當(dāng)你這樣做的時(shí)候，你一定會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你從未見過的東西。名詞短語everytime作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。Every_time_I_meet_with_him,_helookshappy.每次我遇見他，他都是一副幸福的樣子。2.Followitup,exploreallaroundit,andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.跟蹤下去，不斷探索，不知不覺中，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)某種值得思考的東西占據(jù)著你的頭腦。本句為“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)。Work_hard,_andyou'llsucceedintime.努力學(xué)習(xí)，你終有一天會(huì)成功。3.Thepatentwasgivenin1876,butitwasnotuntilfivedayslaterthatBellsenthisfirsttelephonemessagetohisassistantWatson.這項(xiàng)專利是1876年授予的，但是直到5天以后貝爾才跟他的助手華生通了第一次電話。“notuntil”的強(qiáng)調(diào)句句式“Itwasnotuntilthat...”意為：“直到……才……”。It_wasn't_until__I__accepted_the_position_thatIrealizedtheenormityofthetask.直到我接受了這個(gè)崗位，我才意識(shí)到任務(wù)的艱巨性。對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P551．(教材P24)Icannotbearthesmellofburntsausageonthebarbecue.我忍受不了烤肉架上烤香腸的味道。bearvt.(bore,borne)忍受；忍耐；負(fù)擔(dān)；生育；佩戴寫出下列句中bear的含義①WhydoIhavetobearallthecostsofrepair？負(fù)擔(dān)；承擔(dān)②Shehasalreadyborneseveralchildren.生育③Ican'tbearhavingpetdogsinthehouse.忍受④Thestudentsallbeartheirschoolbadges(?；?．佩戴(1)beardoing/todosth.忍受做……bearsb./sb.'sdoing/todosth.忍受某人做某事(2)bearaheavyburden肩負(fù)重?fù)?dān)bearresponsibility/theblamefor承擔(dān)責(zé)任/受責(zé)備(3)bear/keepsth.inmind牢記bear/keepinmindthat...記住……⑤Bearing(bear)aheavyburden,shehastoworkhardtobringupherchildren.肩負(fù)重?fù)?dān)，她必須努力工作撫養(yǎng)孩子。⑥Youmaychooseanythemeyoulike.However,youshouldbearinmindanessentialpoint.你可以選擇任何你喜歡的主題，但關(guān)鍵的一條你應(yīng)牢記于心。[名師點(diǎn)津]bear意為“忍耐；忍受”時(shí)，通常與can,could連用，用于疑問句或否定句中。2．(教材P26)Althoughheismostoftenassociatedwiththeinventionofthetelephone,hewasindeedacontinuingsearcherafterpracticalsolutionstoimprovethequalityofeverybody'slife.雖然人們常把他與發(fā)明電話聯(lián)系起來，但是他的確是一名永不停息的探索家，不斷尋求著改善人們生活質(zhì)量的途徑。associate(1)vt.聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系(1)associatesb./sth.withsb./sth.把……和……聯(lián)系在一起；由……聯(lián)想到……beassociatedwith...與……有關(guān)(2)associationn．聯(lián)合；聯(lián)想；交往；協(xié)會(huì)；團(tuán)體inassociationwith...與……合伙/合作①Teamleadersmustensurethatallmembersgetovertheirnaturaldesiretoavoidtheembarrassmentassociatedwithmakingmistakes.團(tuán)隊(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者必須確保所有成員克服他們發(fā)自內(nèi)心的傾向——想要避免犯錯(cuò)所帶來的尷尬。②Weareworkinginassociation(associate)withalocalcompanytoraisemoneyforthehomeless.我們正在聯(lián)合一家當(dāng)?shù)氐墓緸闊o家可歸的人籌款。(2)n.同伴；伙伴；同事③I'vegotanewjobandanewsetofworkassociates.我有了新工作和一班子新同事。3．(教材P26)Hangon,please.請(qǐng)稍等。hangon不掛斷；緊緊握住；稍等；堅(jiān)持hangup掛斷電話hangabout閑蕩hangaround等待hangback猶豫；畏縮；留下hangtogether同心協(xié)力；互相幫助；一致；連貫①Althoughwehavebeenbeaten,wemusthangon.盡管被打敗了，但我們必須堅(jiān)持下去。②Hewasseenhangingaboutinthegarden.有人看見他在花園中徘徊。③AfterIhung_upIrememberedwhatI'dwantedtosay.我掛斷電話之后才想起原本想說的話。④Youhang_aroundhereincasehecomes,andI'llgoonahead.你在這附近等著以防萬一他來了，我繼續(xù)往前走。4．(教材P26)I'msorry,butthisphoneisoutoforder.對(duì)不起，這個(gè)電話壞了。outoforder次序顛倒；發(fā)生故障inorder整齊；狀況良好；按順序inorderof按……順序排列ingoodorder秩序井然put/keep...inorder使……井然有序①Ourairconditionerisoutoforder.我們的空調(diào)出故障了。②Justgivemefiveminutestoputmydeskinorder.給我五分鐘整理一下書桌。③Thetestsinthisbookarearrangedin_order_ofdifficulty.這本書的試題是按難易程度順序排列的。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]5．(教材P26)Ican'tgetthrough.我打不通電話。getthrough設(shè)法聯(lián)系上(尤指打通電話)；(設(shè)法)做完；通過；度過；用完；耗盡寫出下列句中g(shù)etthrough的含義①Thankfully,Imanagedtogetthroughthegameandthepainwasworthitintheend.(設(shè)法)做完②Icouldn'tgetthroughtohimbecausehistelephonewasoutofordernowandthen.設(shè)法聯(lián)系上③Shefoundwritinghelpedhergetthroughtheroughdays.度過④Luckily,hegotthroughtheexamandhiseffortspaidoff.通過⑤Thelittleboygotthroughallhismoneyinjustoneweekandhadtoaskhismomforsomemore.用完getacross被理解；被人了解getawaywith被放過；受到從輕發(fā)落getdownto著手認(rèn)真做某事getover克服geton進(jìn)展；進(jìn)步⑥Anyway,we'reherenow,solet'sget_down_tosomeseriouswork.不管怎樣，我們來了，那就讓我們著手做些要緊的活吧。⑦Didyourspeechget_acrosstotheaudience?你的演講聽眾都聽懂了嗎？1．Followitup,exploreallaroundit,andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.跟蹤下去，不斷探索，不知不覺中，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)某種值得思考的東西占據(jù)著你的頭腦。(1)本句為“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”句型。該句型中的祈使句有時(shí)也可用條件狀語從句或非謂語動(dòng)詞改寫。①Listencarefully,andyou'llunderstandit.＝Ifyoulistencarefully,you'llunderstandit.＝Listeningcarefully,you'llunderstandit.仔細(xì)聽，你就會(huì)明白。(2)祈使句＋破折號(hào)＋陳述句(破折號(hào)起and的作用，從正面預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果)②Trysomeofthisjuice—perhapsyou'lllikeit.嘗嘗這種果汁，也許你會(huì)喜歡的。(3)祈使句＋or＋陳述句＝If...not...，＋主句(or表示“否則；要不然的話”，or可用orelse或otherwise替換)③Giveupsmoking,or/otherwiseyoumaydieoflungcancer.→If_you_don't_give_up_smoking,_youmaydieoflungcancer.如果你不戒煙，你可能會(huì)死于肺癌。(4)名詞短語＋and＋陳述句(名詞短語中通常含有more,another,further,earlier等詞)④Itisreallyverydangerous.One_more_step,_andthebabywillfallintothewell.真危險(xiǎn)。再多邁一步，這個(gè)小孩就會(huì)掉進(jìn)井里了。[名師點(diǎn)津]以上結(jié)構(gòu)后面的陳述句多用表示將來意義的時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。2．Thepatentwasgivenin1876,butitwasnotuntilfivedayslaterthatBellsenthisfirsttelephonemessagetohisassistantWatson.這項(xiàng)專利是1876年授予的，但是直到5天以后貝爾才跟他的助手華生通了第一次電話。(1)Itis/wasnotuntil...that...為not...until...句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“直到……才……”。①ItwasnotuntilrainstoppedthatIwenthome.直到雨停了我才回家。②Bachdiedin1750,butitwasnotuntiltheearly19thcenturythathismusicalgiftwasfullyrecognized.巴赫死于1750年，但直到19世紀(jì)初他的音樂才能才得到完全認(rèn)可。(2)在not...until...句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，可以把notuntil提到句首，主句用倒裝語序。③Notuntilthendid_I_realizethevalueoffriends.直到那時(shí)，我才意識(shí)到朋友的重要性。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Hecan'tbearbeing_laughed/to_be_laughed(laugh)atinpublic.2．Readerswillassociatethemselvescloselywithwhathappensinthenewsstoriesandsharesimilarfeelingswiththoseinvolved.3．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Itwasabsolutelyoutofcontrol,thousandsofe-mails,peoplearoundtheworldsharingtheirstoriesoftravel.4．Let'sbeginnow—thereislotsofworktoget_through.5．Seizethechance,or/otherwiseyouwillregretit.6．Itwasnotuntilthenthatherealizedtheimportanceoftheproblem.7．Hangontothesafetybelt;thebusisstarting.8．Doyouoccasionally(occasion)feellikeyoubecomeadifferentpersonaroundyourpartner?Ⅱ.補(bǔ)全句子1．Mymotheroftenremindsmetobear/keep_in_mind_thatfailureisthemotherofsuccess.媽媽經(jīng)常提醒我要記住“失敗乃成功之母”。2．Asisknowntous,ourfriendslendusahandwhenweareintroubleandhelp_us_get_throughdifficultsituations.眾所周知，當(dāng)我們處境困難時(shí)我們的朋友給我們伸出援助之手并幫助我們度過困難時(shí)期。3．Icheckedthefilesandsomeofthemwere_out_of_order.我檢查了這些卷宗，其中一些次序顛倒了。4．直到第二天，我才明白事情的真相。①It_was_not_until_the_next_day_thatIlearnedthetruth.②Not_until_the_next_day_did_Ilearnthetruth.5．有很多嚴(yán)重的健康問題與吸煙有關(guān)。①Therearemanyserioushealthproblemswhich_are_associated_with_smoking.(使用定語從句)②Therearemanyserioushealthproblemsassociated_with_smoking.(使用分詞作定語)③Therearemanyserioushealthproblemsin_association_with_smoking.(使用介詞短語作定語)6．對(duì)比翻譯(祈使句＋連詞＋陳述句)①Work_hard,_andyouwillpasstheexam.努力學(xué)習(xí)，你會(huì)考試及格的。②Work_hard,_or/otherwiseyouwillfailtheexam.努力學(xué)習(xí)，否則你考試會(huì)不及格的。一、全練語言點(diǎn)，基穩(wěn)才能樓高[本課語言點(diǎn)針對(duì)練習(xí)]Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Thebookwastranslatedintomanyversions(譯本)andsoldallovertheworld.2．Heturnedassomeonetapped(輕拍)himontheshoulder.3．Strongcurrents(氣流)canbeverydangerousforswimmers.4．Thegovernmenthastakenmeasurestobringdownthehighpricesofdailygoodstokeepthemarketstable(穩(wěn)定的)．5．You'dbetteravoidbeingassociated(與……交往；聯(lián)系)withsuchdishonestpeople.6．Allpersonnel(全體人員)aretoreceivesecuritybadges.7．Heseeslocalhistoryasanextension(延伸)offamilyhistory.8．Therearemanydynamic(精力充沛的)andambitiouspeople.9．Studentswillgaincompetences(能力；技能)inawiderangeofskills.10．Theyprovidefinancialandpractical(實(shí)際的)helpfordisabledstudents.Ⅱ.選詞填空diveinto，setout，beassociatedwith，hangon，outoforder，getthrough，ringback，ringoff1．Theseconcernsmaybe_associated_withstrongfeelingssuchasangerorshame.2．I'msorrybutmycellphoneisout_of_order.Itcan'tworknow.3．Oh,hang_on！IthinkIknowwheretheyendedup.4．Sorry,Ihavetoring_off.It'stimeformetogotowork.5．Isee.Canyoucallmebackatthisnumberwhenyouget_through?6．Knowyourchoiceswhenyouset_outtoresearchapaper.7．Withfacemasks,airtanksanddivingsuits,mencandive_intodeepwaterandbeathomewiththefish.8．He'snotin;whydon'tyouring_backafter6o'clock?[本單元語言點(diǎn)溫故練習(xí)]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Hurryup,oryou'llbelateforthetrain.2．Theseeventsprovidedtheinspiration(inspire)forherfirstbook.3．Itissocoldandfreezing(freeze)thatwehavetostayathome.4．ThefirsttimeIflewinaplaneIwasreallynervous.5．Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten(write)．6．Theguestsleftmostofthedishesuntouched(untouch),becausetheydidnottastedelicious.7．Whenwoulditbeconvenientforyouto_go(go)tothesupermarketwithme?8．Thenewgovernmentmustsetaboutfinding(find)solutionstothecountry'seconomicproblems.9．Fallenleavesarealwaysassociatedwithautumn.10．Hesolvedtheproblemverypractically(practical)．Ⅱ.補(bǔ)全句子1．Thisoldphotooftencalls_up_memories_of_my_childhood.這張老照片經(jīng)常喚起我對(duì)童年時(shí)代的回憶。2．Hegotupveryearlyso_that_he_could_catch_the_train.他起得很早以便能趕上火車。3．It's_very_convenient_to_paybycreditcardnow.現(xiàn)在用信用卡付款很方便。4．Thisyoungmanis_distinguished_for_his_inventions.這個(gè)年輕人因自己的發(fā)明而出名。5．Thepilotreassuredthepassengers.Onlythendid_I_realizehowdangerousthesituationhadbeen.飛機(jī)駕駛員要乘客們放心。直到那時(shí)我才明白剛才的情況有多危險(xiǎn)。6．There_seemed_to_be_a_riverfiveyearsago,wherethreebuildingshavebeensetup.五年前這兒好像有條河，現(xiàn)在已建成了三座建筑物。7．Someoneseized_me_by_the_armwhenIwaswalkinginthestreet.當(dāng)我在街上走時(shí)有人抓住了我的胳膊。8．Not_until_all_the_demands_had_been_turned_downdidtheworkersdecidetogoonstrike.直到所有的要求遭到拒絕之后，工人們才決定罷工。二、勤練高考題型，多練自能生巧Ⅰ.閱讀理解ACaliforniangirlputprincipleaboveherfearandstoppedasuspectedthief.GenesisRamos,10,confrontedamaninSantaAna,California,whotriedtostealhermom'swalletfromtheircar.“Ijustdidn'tthinkitwasrightthathecouldtakeit,soIwantedtogetitback，”Genesissaid.Genesis'mom,GraceRamos,hadsteppedintoa7-Eleven(7－11連鎖便利店)tousetheATMandlefthertwodaughterswaitinginthecar.PolicesaidamanshowninthestorevideostolebatteriesandfoodrightbeforesettinghiseyesonGrace'swallet.Themanopenedthefamily'sdriverdoorandtookthewallet.Genesischasedafterhimtohisowncarandhadatug-of-war(拉鋸戰(zhàn))strugglewiththedoor,SantaAnaPoliceDepartmentpublicinformationofficerAnthonyBertagnasaid.“Hekeptontryingtocloseit,butIkeptontryingtoopenit,sohegaveup，”Genesissaid.Genesisscreamedatwitnessestocallthepoliceandthemaneventuallygaveherthewalletandspedoff.“Youcanimagineanythingcouldhappen,butthankGodeverythingcameoutgood，”GraceRamossaid.Genesissnappedapictureoftheman'slicenseplateonasilverDodgecaravan(敞篷車).GraceRamosandthepolicebothsaiditwouldhavebeensaferforGenesistoletthethiefgetawaywiththewallet.“Obviously,wedon'trecommenda10-year-oldgirlchaseamaleorfemaleadultsuspecttothecar，”Bertagnasaid.“Shedidwhatshedidandgotinvolvedinthesituation.Itworkedoutforthebest,butit'snotwhatwerecommend.”語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。十歲的女孩子在面對(duì)小偷的時(shí)候，勇敢追趕并且要回了媽媽的錢包。但是事后警察并不建議孩子們這么做，因?yàn)楸ＷC他們的自身安全才是最重要的。1．WhatwerethegirlsdoingwhentheirmotherwenttotheATM?A．Theywerelookingafterthewallet.B．Theywerewaitingfortheirmother.C．Theywerelookingforrightfoods.D．Theyweresettingthebatteries.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句的“Genesis'mom,GraceRamos,hadstepped...lefthertwodaughterswaitinginthecar.”可知她們正在車?yán)锏葖寢尅?．WhatBertagnasaidinthelastparagraphmeans________.A．GenesisshouldbeawardedforwhatshedidB．GenesisshouldcontrolthesituationbetterC．GenesisshoulddonothingtostopthethiefD．Genesisshouldchaseafemaleinsteadofamale解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句的“Itworkedoutforthebest,butit'snotwhatwerecommend.”可知警察不建議孩子阻止偷竊行為。3．Howwouldthepolicefindthethief?A．Byhislicenseplate.B．ByhisCalifornianaccent.C．ByGrace'swallet.D．Bynewsreport.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句“Genesissnappedapictureoftheman'slicenseplateo