2019年英語新譯林選修九（江蘇專用）講義Unit1SectionⅡWeletotheunitReading-Languagepoints

Section_ⅡWelcometotheunit&Reading—LanguagePointsⅠ.高頻單詞A．根據(jù)所給詞性和漢語意思寫出單詞1．skyscrapern．摩天大樓2．centigradeadj.攝氏的n.攝氏度3．bordern.國界，邊界；邊疆4．countlessadj.無數(shù)的，數(shù)不清的5．recreationn.娛樂，消遣6．rankvi&vt.屬于某個等級，將……歸為某個等級；排列n.等級，地位；軍銜7．historicadj.歷史上著名的(或重要的)，有歷史意義的8．concreten.混凝土adj.具體的；有形的9．dynamicadj.充滿活力的；動態(tài)的10frontiern.國界；邊境B．用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空11．Itwillbewellbelowfreezingwhenweleave.You'llfreezeifyoudon'tputacoaton.(freezing)12．Tomisafashionphotographerandhelikestakingphotographsonmanyoccasionsbuthedoesn'tlikebeingphotographed.(photographer)13．Hisfatherisaprofessionalhunter.Hehuntsanimalsintheopenaireveryday.Theotherdayhehappenedtoseepolicewerehuntingforakiller.(hunter)14．EveryyearmanytravellersgotovisitJiuzhaigouwherethesceneryisbeautiful.IfIhadalotofmoneyI'dtraveltheretoo.(traveller)15．Martinlostthehouseintheirdivorcesettlement.Afterthat,hemovedtosettleinChicago.(settlement)Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)短語1．secondonlyto僅次于2．beabundantin豐富的，富裕的3．befondof喜歡4．inadditionto除了……之外5．behometo為……所在地6．consistof由……組成7．seekone'sfortune外出尋找(成功或發(fā)財(cái))機(jī)會8．littlemorethan只是……而已，僅僅Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句型1．[句型展示]Forthosewholoveoutdooractivities,it_is_possible_to_hike,_sail,_cross_—_country_ski_or_travelbysnowmobileforhours...對于熱愛戶外活動的人來說，遠(yuǎn)足、帆船運(yùn)動、越野、滑雪或雪車旅行幾個小時是有可能的……[典例背誦]Isitpossibleforustogettotheairportbeforefive?五點(diǎn)鐘之前可否趕到機(jī)場？2．[句型展示]Montreal,aportintheProvinceofQuebec,isthesecondlargestcityinCanada，andalsothesecondlargestFrench-speakingcityintheworld,Paris_being_the_largest.蒙特利爾，魁北克省的一個港口，是加拿大的第二大城市，也是世界上第二大講法語的城市，巴黎是最大的。[典例背誦]Jimwaslisteningattentivelytothelecture,allhisattentionfixeduponit.吉姆專心致志地聽著講座，所有注意力都在上面了。1.freezingadj.極冷的，冰凍的adv.極冷地[教材原句]Therearemanywildanimalsintheforestsandonthefreezinglandsinthenorth,andfishareabundantintheseasandrivers.在森林里、在北方的冰封之地有很多野生動物，海洋和河流中有大量的魚類。①It'sfreezinginhere！Whynotturnontheairconditioner?這兒冷得不得了！為什么不打開空調(diào)呢？②It'susuallyfreezingcoldoutsideatthistimeofeveryyear.在每年這個時候外面極為寒冷。freezingpoint冰點(diǎn)freezevt.結(jié)冰，(使)凍住frozenadj.冷凍的，冷藏的；凍僵，凍硬的③It'stoocold.I'mabsolutelyfrozen!太冷了。我簡直凍僵了?、蹾egavehisnametoawell-knownbrandoffrozenfood.他以自己的名字命名的冷凍食品成了名牌。[即境活用1]Walkingonsucha________wintermorning,Ifeltasifthewholeworldwas________.A．frozen;freezing B．frozen;frozenC．freezing;freezing D．freezing；frozen解析：選D。考查形容詞辨析。句意：在這么寒冷的冬天的早晨行走，我感覺整個世界似乎被凍住了。freezing“冰冷的”；frozen“冷凍的，凍僵的”。2.settlementn．定居點(diǎn)；定居；(問題的)解決[教材原句]Althoughonlyahandfulofpeopleweresuccessful,manystayedandestablishedsettlementsinthearea,andtherearenowmanymuseumsshowingwhatlifewaslikebackthen.盡管只有少數(shù)人獲得了成功，但許多人都留了下來并在當(dāng)?shù)亟⒘硕ň狱c(diǎn)，如今有許多博物館展示那時的生活情況。①Thestrikershavereachedasettlementwiththeemployers.罷工的人已和雇主達(dá)成協(xié)議。settlevi.&vt.安家；定居；解決settledown安靜；定居；定下心來做(to)settlein/into(使)適應(yīng)(新的家、工作、環(huán)境等)②Whenareyougoingtogetmarriedandsettledown?你打算什么時候成家，安定下來？③Italwaystakestheclassawhiletosettledownatthestartofthelesson.那個班一上課總得過一會兒才能安靜下來。④Ittakesafewmonthstosettleintolifeatcollege.要經(jīng)過幾個月才能適應(yīng)大學(xué)生活。[即境活用2]Itwassonoisyoutsidethathecouldn't________downtoreading.A．settle B．putC．sit D．lie解析：選A。考查動詞短語。句意：外邊太吵了，他靜不下心來讀書。settledown“使定居，使安定生活”；settledownto“定下心來做”；to為個詞。putdown“記下，放下”。3．behometo為……的所在地[教材原句]Edmonton,acityinBritishColumbia'sneighbouringprovinceofAlberta,ishometotheWestEdmontonMall.埃德蒙頓，一座位于與不列顛哥倫比亞省毗鄰的阿爾伯達(dá)省的城市，是西埃德蒙頓購物中心的所在地。①Beijingishometomanykeyuniversities.北京是許多重點(diǎn)大學(xué)的所在地。②Silicon硅谷是許多高科技公司的所在地。makeyourselfathome別拘束asecondhome第二故鄉(xiāng)thehomeofsth.某事物的發(fā)源地，(植物或動物的)產(chǎn)地bringsth.hometosb.使某人了解某事的重要性comehometosb.使某人(痛苦地)完全明白③Itsuddenlycomehometohimthathewasnevergoingtoseeheragain.他突然明白他再也見不到她了。④Thetelevisionpicturesbroughthometousthefullhorroroftheattack.電視畫面使我們充分地了解了這次襲擊有多么恐怖。[即境活用3]Thesettlementishome________nearly1,000people,manyof________lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.A．to;whom B．for;whichC．to;them D．for;those解析：選A?？疾閔ome的固定短語和定語從句引導(dǎo)詞。behometo意為“是……的家園”。由many之前的逗號和選項(xiàng)特征，可知此句是非限制性定語從句，故選A。4．seekone'sfortune外出尋找(成功或發(fā)財(cái))機(jī)會[教材原句]ApproximatelyonemillionpeoplelefttheirhomesandtravelledwestwardstoseektheirfortuneintheGoldRush.在淘金熱中，將近一百萬人離開了他們的家園，往西去碰運(yùn)氣。①YoumayaswellgotoShanghaitoseekyourfortune.你不妨去上海碰碰運(yùn)氣。makeafortune發(fā)財(cái)havethegoodfortunetodosth.有幸能做某事leaveafortunetosb.留給某人一筆遺產(chǎn)②HewenttoAustraliaandsoonhadthegoodfortunetofindagoodjobthere.他到澳大利亞以后，很快就找到了一份好工作。③Herfatherleftafortunetoherfiveyearsago.五年前，她父親留給她了一筆遺產(chǎn)。[即境活用4]Itissaidthathemadea________abroadcollectingoldthings.A．wealth B．possessionC．money D．fortune解析：選D。句意：據(jù)說他在國外收集古玩發(fā)了大財(cái)。makeafortune“發(fā)財(cái)”；wealth“財(cái)富，財(cái)產(chǎn)”，不可數(shù)名詞；possession“財(cái)產(chǎn)”，不與make連用。5.littlemorethan只是……而已，僅僅[教材原句]Backthen,itwaslittlemorethananarmycampprotecting...那時，僅僅有一個軍營保護(hù)著……①Don'tworry.Itwaslittlemorethanascratch.不要擔(dān)心。僅僅是一點(diǎn)擦傷而已。notmorethan不超過，至多nomorethan僅僅morethan非常，超過，不僅僅是moreandmore越來越……moreorless幾乎，大概，大約②It'sabeautifulcottage,notmorethanfiveminutesfromthenearestbeach.那是一座漂亮的小屋，離最近的海灘至多5分鐘的路程。③It'shermannerIdislike,morethanwhatsheactuallysays.我討厭的倒不是她實(shí)際上說些什么，而是她的態(tài)度。④We'reexpecting150delegatesattheconference,moreorless.我們預(yù)計(jì)大約會有150名代表參加會議。[即境活用5]Themeetingistobegininaminute,butthereare________50peopleinthemeetinghall.A．morethan B．notmorethanC．nomorethan D．muchmorethan解析：選C。句意：會議在一分鐘內(nèi)就要開了，但是在會議大廳里僅有50人。morethan“多于，超過”；notmorethan“至多，不超過”；nomorethan“僅僅”；muchmorethan“比……多”。1．Forthosewholovenaturalrecreation,it_is_possible_to_walk,_sail_or_cross_—_country_skiforhours—orevendays—withoutmeetinganotherperson.對于那些喜歡去大自然消遣的人來說，在散步、帆船運(yùn)動、越野滑雪旅行中，他們可能好幾個小時甚至好幾天碰不到一個人。Itispossible(forsb.)todosth.(某人)做某事是有可能的①Itisnotpossibletoliveonthemoon.在月球上生活是不可能的。②Itshouldsoonbepossibleformostpeopletoworkfromhome.讓多數(shù)人在家里辦公應(yīng)該很快就可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。③Woulditbepossibletohavebrownbreadinsteadofwhite?是否可以要黑面包而不要白面包呢？possible,probable,likelypossiblepossible的可能性最小，指客觀上有可能，往往含有“希望很小”的意味。不用人作主語probableprobable可能性最大，表示“很可能，十有八九”。同樣不用人作主語likelylikely表示外表跡象表明的有可能，與probable的可能性接近。這三個詞中，只有l(wèi)ikely可以用人作主語[自填助記]①Itispossible,_thoughnotprobable,_thathewillcometomorrow.他明天可能來，但也不一定準(zhǔn)來。②Heislikelytocome.＝Itislikelythathewillcome.他可能會來。[即境活用1]Awaris_______tobreakoutbetweenSouthKoreaandNorthA．possible;defend B．probable;defenceC．likely;defend D．likely;defence解析：選C。likely可以用物作主語，而possible和probable不能；defend為動詞，意為“保衛(wèi)”。2．Montreal,aportintheprovinceofQuebec,isthesecondlargestcityinCanada,andalsothesecondlargestFrench-speakingcityintheworld,Paris_being_the_largest.港口城市蒙特利爾位于魁北克省境內(nèi)，是加拿大第二大城市，也是世界上第二大法語城市，最大的法語城市是巴黎。句中Parisbeingthelargest是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，表示補(bǔ)充說明，Paris是分詞短語beingthelargest的邏輯主語。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法如下：(1)構(gòu)成：名詞/主格代詞＋分詞/不定式/介詞短語/形容詞/副詞；(2)功能：作時間、原因、條件、方式、伴隨情況等狀語，通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成狀語從句；(3)特征：意義上相當(dāng)于一個句子，但就結(jié)構(gòu)而言并非如此(無謂語)。①Timepermitting,Iwillfinishanotherlesson.如果時間允許，我將上完另一節(jié)課。②Herglassesbroken,shecouldn'tseethewordsontheblackboard.由于眼鏡壞了，她看不見黑板上的字。③Theysaidgoodbyetoeachother,onetogohome,andtheothertogotothebookstore.他們道別后，一個回了家，另一個去了書店。④Theteachercamein,bookinhand.老師走了進(jìn)來，手里拿著書。⑤Anairaccidenthappenedtotheplane,nobodyalive.那架飛機(jī)遭遇了空難，無一人生還。[點(diǎn)津]分詞作狀語和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語的區(qū)別就在于邏輯主語的不同。分詞的邏輯主語為句子的主語；獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)本身帶有邏輯主語，這個主語和句子主語不一致。[即境活用2]①(2012·新課標(biāo)全國卷)Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather________.A．permitting B．topermitC．permitted D．permit解析：選A?？疾楠?dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：如果天氣允許的話，聚會將在花園里舉行。weatherpermitting(＝ifweatherpermits)為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)閣eather是permit這個動作的發(fā)出者，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。②Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecent________attheendoflastMarch.A．hasbeenlaunched B．havingbeenlaunchedC．beinglaunched D．tobelaunched解析：選B?？疾楠?dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。由于句子中沒有連詞，所以不能選A。又因?yàn)閯幼饔谌ツ甑娜碌拙鸵呀?jīng)發(fā)生，所以不能選表示未來動作的D和表示進(jìn)行動作的C。Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Lastyear,hewasranked(排名)secondinhisagegroup.2．Todayisahistoric(有歷史意義的)occasionforourparty.3．Heisadynamic(充滿活力的)youngbusinessman.4．I'vetoldhercountless(無數(shù)的)times,butshestillcan'trememberit.5．Ireallycan'tstandsuchfreezing(極冷的)weatherhere;IwanttomovetoSanya.6．TheterroristswerestoppedtryingtocrosstheSpanishborder(邊界)．7．Duncanpreferscross-country(越野的)skiingtodownhill.8．Haveyougotanyconcrete(具體的)proposalsastowhatweshoulddo?9．Hisrecreations(娛樂)aredrinkingbeerandwatchingfootballgames.10．Marketsaredynamic(動態(tài)的)andacompanymustlearntoadapt.Ⅱ.完成句子1．除了當(dāng)?shù)氐闹参镏?，這座花園還有無數(shù)來自海外的樹和花。In_addition_tonativeplants,thisgardencontainsnumeroustreesandflowersfromoverseas.2．癌癥是僅次于心臟病的致死疾病。Cancerissecond_only_toheartdiseaseasacauseofdeath.3．爺爺告訴我這湖里有很多鱒魚。Mygrandpatellsmethelake4．總統(tǒng)被殺了，舉國上下沉浸在悲傷之中。The_president_murdered,_thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.5．有可能預(yù)測俄羅斯將發(fā)生什么事嗎？Is_it_possible_to_predictwhatwillhappeninRussia?Ⅲ.單項(xiàng)填空1．—Congratulationsonyourmovingtothenewhouse!—Thanks.Andwelcometovisitussomedayafterwe________.A．breakdown B．settledownC．putdown D．calmdown解析：選B。breakdown“壞掉，垮掉”；settledown“安頓下來”；putdown“放下來”；calmdown“冷靜下來”。根據(jù)句意故選B。2．However________certainnaturalresourcesmaybe,theycannotreproducethemselvesandareboundtobeusedupultimately.A．rare B．a(chǎn)bundantC．valuable D．luxurious解析：選B。句意：不管某些自然資源多么豐富，它們自己不會再生，終究要被用完的。abundant“豐富的”；rare“稀少的”；valuable“有價(jià)值的”；luxurious“豪華的，奢侈的”。3．Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,________arebeyondourcontrol.A．mostofthem B．mostofwhichC．mostofwhat D．mostofthat解析：選B。本題很容易產(chǎn)生錯誤判斷而選A，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；然而空缺后有謂語動詞are，故可否定這一選項(xiàng)，由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可看出，后句應(yīng)是mostofwhich引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞factors。4．Sichuanishome_______pandaswhicharefond_______eatingbamboo.A．to;to B．to;ofC．of;to D．of;of解析：選B?？疾榻樵~。句意：四川是大熊貓的棲息地，它們喜歡吃竹子。behometo“是……的家園”。befondof“喜愛，喜歡”。5．Ittook________buildingsuppliestoconstructtheseenergysavinghouses.Ittookbrains,too.A．otherthan B．morethanC．ratherthan D．lessthan解析：選B。句意：建造這些節(jié)能房屋不僅僅要花費(fèi)建筑材料，還需要智慧。morethan在句中意為“不僅僅”，修飾名詞。otherthan“除了”；ratherthan“而不是”；lessthan“少于”。6．Acricketteam________elevenplayers.A．consistsof B．isconsistedofC．ismadeof D．makesupof解析：選A。bemadeupof＝consistof，表示組成的部分，consistof“沒有被動形式”。7．TomorrowisSundayandhehasadayoff,soheis________toattendourparty.A．probable B．possibleC．likely D．possibility解析：選C。此句的主語是人，只能用sb.islikelytodosth.(某人有可能做某事)句型。8．(2012·新課標(biāo)全國卷)Idon'tbelievewe'vemetbefore,________Imustsayyoudolookfamiliar.A．therefore B．a(chǎn)lthoughC．since D．unless解析：選B?？疾檫B詞的用法。句意：雖然我得說你的確看起來很面熟，但是我相信我們以前沒有見過面。結(jié)合前后兩部分的內(nèi)容可知后半句引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語從句。A項(xiàng)表示“因此”，C項(xiàng)表示“因?yàn)椋詮摹?，D項(xiàng)表示“除非”，語意邏輯都不恰當(dāng)。9．—DoyoumindifItakeoffmyjacket?—________.A．Ofcoursenot！MakeyourselfathomeB．Oh,it'sverykindofyoutodosoC．I'llbehappyifIcanbeofanyhelpD．Yes,it'sprettywarm解析：選A。答句意為“當(dāng)然不介意！別拘束”。makeoneselfathome“別拘束”故選A。10．You'llneverbe________untilyoueatlessandtakemoreexercise.A．incommon B．inshapeC．instyle D．introuble解析：選B?？疾榻樵~短語辨析。incommon“共同的，共有的”；inshape“身體好”；instyle“有氣派，有風(fēng)度”；introuble“遇到麻煩”。根據(jù)句意知選B。Ⅳ.閱讀理解AIntheUSA,drivinglawsdiffersomewhatfromstatetostateandconsiderablyfromwhatyouareusedto.Hereisalistofsomeimportantdifferences.SpeedLimitsSpeedlimitsaredesignatedinmilesperhour(MPH),notkilometers.Onemileequals1.6093kilometers.Withincitiesthespeedlimitisusually25mph.Majorstreetswithtwoormorelinesmaypostahigherlimitof35mph,butyoushouldassumea25mphlimitunlessyouseeasignwithahigherlimit.Highwayshaveaspeedlimitof55DrivingontheRightUnliketheUK,somecountriesinAsia,andinAustralia,intheUnitedStatescarsdriveontherightsideoftheroad,andsteeringwheels(方向盤)arelocatedontheleftsideofthecar.Evenifyoudon'tdriveacar,youneedtobeawareofthisrule.Everyyearafewinternationalstudentsarehitbycarsbecausetheystepofftheroadsidesintothepathofoncomingtraffic.Onmoststreetscarswillbecomingfromyourleft,notyourright.InsuranceMoststatesrequireyoutomaintaincertainminimumlevelsofinsuranceonyourcarincaseyouareinvolvedinanaccident.Theinsurancecoversyourliability(責(zé)任)fordamagetoothercarsandinjuriescausedtoallthepeopleinvolvedintheaccident.Westronglyrecommendgettinginsurancethatcoversmorethanthelegalminimum.Youcanalsogetcollision(碰撞)insurancetocoverthecostoffixingyourcarandtheftinsuranceincasethecarisstolen,butthisisonlyworthwhileforanewcaroramodelofrecentyears.Ifyoudon'thavecarinsurance,youwon'tbeabletoregisterthecar.語篇解讀：沒有規(guī)矩，不成方圓。在美國開車可得悠著點(diǎn)兒。限速是多少？開車靠哪邊？如何辦保險(xiǎn)？入鄉(xiāng)要隨俗，習(xí)慣成自然。1．WhendrivinginanAmericancity,you'dbetterlimityourspeedwithinabout________.A．25mphC．55mph解析：選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“SpeedLimits”中第三句的內(nèi)容可知當(dāng)你開車行駛在美國的城市里時，最好將車速限制在每小時25英里左右。2．Ifyoudrivebeyondthespeedlimits,you'll________.A．besentintoprisonB．getnocarinsuranceC．havetopaymuchmoneyD．betakentothepolicestation解析：選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“SpeedLimits”中最后一句的內(nèi)容可知如果超速行駛，駕車者須付巨額罰金，駕照也會被扣留。3．WelearnfromthepassagethatinternationalstudentsinAmerica________.A．a(chǎn)lwaysdrivecarsontheleftB．canhardlyaffordtohavetheirowncarsC．knowabouttherulesclearlyD．shouldpaymoreattentiontotherules解析：選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)“DrivingontheRight”中第二段第二句可推知在美國的外國留學(xué)生應(yīng)該多注意交通規(guī)則。4．Whichcarinsuranceshouldyougetinordertosaveyourmoneytorepairyourcar?A．Liabilityinsurance. B．Theftinsurance.C．Collisioninsurance. D．Injuryinsurance.解析：選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Insurance”中的“Youcanalsogetcollision(碰撞)insurancetocoverthecostoffixingyourcar...”可知，如果你想省下修車的錢，可以辦理“碰撞險(xiǎn)”。BFormanyyearsthere'sbeenadebateaboutrewardingourchildren.Doesiswork？Isiteffective？Ifso,whatkindofrewardsshouldbeused?Touserewards,weestablishastandardwithourkidsandgivethemsomethingformeetingthisstandard.Punishmentisgivenoutinmuchthesameway,butit'susedwhencertainstandardsofperformance，behavior,etc.havenotbeenmet.Theproblemhereisnotthatrewardsandpunishmentsdon'thaveimmediateresults.Theyoftendohavequickresults.Kidsoftenwillbecomemoreobedientwhenthreatenedwithpunishment,andworkhardwhenpromisedavaluablereward.Buttheproblemiswhathappenswhenyouaren'taround.Todevelopresponsible,self-disciplinedkids,parentsneedtopromotecertainideas.Oneoftheseideasisthateveryoneparticipatesinandhelpsinyourfamily，evenifyou'renotcrazyabouthelping.Anotherideaisthattherecanbeenjoymentindoinganytaskifwechoosetomakeitso.Whenataskisforaworthycause(ourfamilycanenjoythehousemorebecauseIhelpcleanit),andwhenparentsarecheerfulabouttheirchores(日常事務(wù)),thismessagecanhaveabigimpact(影響)．Thisishowwehelpourkidsdevelopanintrinsic(內(nèi)在的)senseofresponsibility.Whenourchildrendevelopthisresponsibility,they'llbemoredisciplined,andthey'llcontroltheiremotionsbetter.Whenwegiverewardstoourkids,wereducethisintrinsicsenseofresponsibi