2019年英語新外研選修八講義Module2SectionⅠIntroductionReading-Pre-reading

Ahiddenportraitunderneath(在……下面)the“MonaLisa”hasbeendiscoveredbyaFrenchscientist,whosaidheuncoveredtheimageusingreflectivelighttechnology.ThedigitallyreconstructedimageofthehiddenportraitwaspresentedatapressconferencebyscientistPascalCotte,who'sbeenanalyzingtheLeonardodaVinci'smasterpieceforoveradecade.Cottesaidheuncoveredtheimageusingacamerathattookimagesofthepaintingunderintenselight.Thehiddenportraitshowedasittingfigurethatlooksalmostthesameasthe“MonaLisa.”Therearesmallbutgreatdifferences.Thesitterintheimageappearstobelookingtothesideratherthandirectlyattheviewer,andthesitterdoesnotseemtohavethesmilethathasattracted“MonaLisa”viewersforover500years.Cottealsosaidthathisfindingschallengedthewidelyacceptedtheorythatthe“MonaLisa”isapaintingofareallifeItalianwomanLisaGheradiniinthe16thcentury.“TheresultschangeourvisionofLeonardo'smasterpieceforever，”hesaid.“WhenIfinishedthereconstructionofLisaGherardini,Iwasinfrontoftheportrait,andsheistotallydifferentto‘MonaLisa’today.Thisisnotthesamewoman.”Inarecentdocumentary,arthistorian,AndrewGraham-Dixon,saidhestudiedhistoricaldocumentslinkedtothe“MonaLisa”alongsideCotte'sfindingsandcametothesameconclusionasCotte.“Ithinkthenewdiscoveriesarelikeahugestonethrownintothestillwaterofarthistory，”Graham-Dixonsaid.“Theydisturbeverythingthatwethoughtthatweknewaboutthe‘MonaLisa’．Theremaybesomereluctance(不情愿)onthepartoftheauthoritiestothinkaboutchangingthetitleofthepaintingbecausethat'swhatwe'retalkingabout.It's‘Goodbye,MonaLisa.’Sheissomebodyelse.”TheLouvreMuseumdeclinedtoSection_ⅠIntroduction&Reading—Pre-reading[原文呈現(xiàn)]TheRenaissance①Formanypeople,theRenaissancemeans14thto16thcenturyItaly,andthedevelopmentsinartandarchitecture,musicandliteraturewhichtookplacethereatthattime②.Butthereisoneworkwhich,perhapsmorethananyother,expressesthespiritoftheRenaissance③：theMonaLisa.Itisbelievedtobethebestexampleof④anewlifelike⑤styleofpaintingthatamazed⑥peoplewhenitwasfirstused⑦.PaintedbyLeonardodaVinciintheyears1503－1506⑧，theMonaLisaisamysterious⑨masterpiece⑩.PeoplewanttoknowwhoMonaLisais,andwhysheissmiling?.EvenifpeopledonotknowmuchabouttheRenaissance?，theyhaveheardofthispainting.[讀文清障]①renaissance/rI'neIs?ns/n.(文藝的)復興②which引導定語從句，修飾developments。③which引導定語從句，修飾onework。④Itisbelievedtobe...“它被認為是……”，此處的it指代theMonaLisa。⑤lifelikeadj.栩栩如生的，逼真的⑥amazev．使大為驚奇，使驚愕⑦that引導定語從句，修飾painting；該從句中含有一個when引導的時間狀語從句。⑧過去分詞短語作狀語。⑨mysteriousadj.神秘的⑩masterpiecen．杰作，名作，佳作，代表作(＝masterwork)?and連接兩個賓語從句。?Evenif引導讓步狀語從句。文藝復興[第1段譯文]對于很多人來說，文藝復興指的是14－16世紀時期的意大利，及其當時出現(xiàn)在藝術(shù)、建筑、音樂以及文學領(lǐng)域方面的發(fā)展。但有一件作品可能比其他的任何作品都更能表達文藝復興的精神——《蒙娜·麗莎》。它被認為是一種新的形象逼真型繪畫風格的最好代表，這種繪畫風格首次被使用就使人們驚嘆不已?！睹赡取惿酚扇R奧納多·達·芬奇于1503到1506年間繪制而成，是一件神秘的杰作。人們想知道蒙娜·麗莎是誰，她又為什么在笑。即便是對文藝復興了解不多的人，他們也都聽說過這幅作品。ButtheRenaissanceis,ofcourse,morethan?justMonaLisa.RenaissanceisaFrenchwordwhichmeans“rebirth”?anditfirstappearedinEnglishinthe19thcentury.Thewordwasusedto?describeaperiodinEuropeanhistorywhichbeganwiththearrivalofthefirstEuropeansinAmerica?，anageofexploration,andthebeginningofthemodernworld.ItwasasifEuropewaswakingup?afterthelongsleepoftheMiddleAges?.FromItaly,theideasoftheRenaissancerapidlyspread?northwards?toFrance,Germany,England,andtherestofEurope.Tradewithotherpartsoftheworldmeanteq\o(○,\s\up1(21))thatEuropewasgettingricher,too.Thismeantthatpeoplehadmoneytospendontheartseq\o(○,\s\up1(22))；anditbecameeasierforartiststofindpeoplewhocouldaffordtoeq\o(○,\s\up1(23))buytheirworksoremploythemeq\o(○,\s\up1(24)).LeonardoworkedforimportantpeoplesuchastheDukeofMilan,and,towardseq\o(○,\s\up1(25))theendofhislife,theKingofFrance.?morethan不僅僅；很，非常，十分nomorethan不過，僅僅notmorethan至多，不超過?which引導定語從句，修飾先行詞aFrenchword。?beusedtodosth.被用來做某事beusedtodoingsth.習慣于做某事?which引導定語從句，修飾aperiod。?wakeup醒來，覺醒，喚醒，弄醒?asif引導表語從句。?spreadv．伸展，蔓延，擴散?northwardsadv.向北southwardsadv.向南eastwardsadv.向東westwardsadv.向西eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))meanv．意思是，意味著eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))動詞不定式短語作后置定語，修飾money。eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))affordtodo承擔得起去做……；抽得出時間去做……eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))it為形式主語，真正的主語是不定式短語；who引導定語從句，修飾people。eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))towardsprep.接近，靠近[第2～3段譯文]但是，文藝復興當然不僅僅只是《蒙娜·麗莎》?！癛enaissance”是一個法語單詞，意為“再生”，于19世紀首次出現(xiàn)在英語中。這個詞被用來描繪隨著首批歐洲人抵達美洲而開始的那段歐洲歷史，這是一段探險的歷史，也是現(xiàn)代世界史的開端。仿佛歐洲在經(jīng)歷了中世紀的長眠之后，就要蘇醒過來了。從意大利開始，文藝復興的觀念很快向北傳遍了法國、德國、英國以及歐洲其他地方。,與世界其他地方的貿(mào)易意味著歐洲也正在變得更加富裕。也就是意味著人們有錢來花費在藝術(shù)上，對于藝術(shù)家來說想要找到人來購買他們的作品或者雇用他們也就變得更加容易。萊奧納多為一些重要的人物工作過，比如米蘭的公爵，接近晚年時他曾經(jīng)為法國國王工作過。Renaissanceartistsfoundnewideasfortheirworkinclassicaleq\o(○,\s\up1(26))GreeceandRome.Buttheylookedforwardeq\o(○,\s\up1(27))，too,byopeningnewfrontierseq\o(○,\s\up1(28))inthearts.Paintersdiscoveredhowtouseperspectiveeq\o(○,\s\up1(29))andtheeffectsoflight;composersputdifferentvoicestogetherandcreatedpolyphonyeq\o(○,\s\up1(30))(“manyvoices”);architectspreferredeq\o(○,\s\up1(31))designingbuildingswithmorelightwhichcontrastedeq\o(○,\s\up1(32))withtheheavinessoftheGothiccathedralseq\o(○,\s\up1(33))oftheMiddleAges.Thesenseofexplorationwhichmotivatedeq\o(○,\s\up1(34))theartistseq\o(○,\s\up1(35))wenthandinhandeq\o(○,\s\up1(36))withanewtypeofphilosophy.Aftercenturiesofacceptingamedievalworldvieweq\o(○,\s\up1(37))inwhichhumanlifewasconsideredoflittlevalueeq\o(○,\s\up1(38))comparedwiththegreatnessofGodeq\o(○,\s\up1(39))，philosophersbeganaskingquestionslike“Whatisaperson？”or“WhyamIhere？”Forthefirsttime,theyputpeople,notreligion,atthecentreoftheuniverse.eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))classicaladj.古典的，古典藝術(shù)的classic古典的，傳統(tǒng)的；典型的，經(jīng)典的eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))lookforward展望未來lookforwardto期待，盼望(to為介詞)eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))frontier/?fr?n'tI?/n.新領(lǐng)域eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))perspective/p?'spektIv/n.透視(畫)法；透視效果；透視感eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))polyphony/p?'lIf?ni/n.復調(diào)音樂(作品)eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))preferv．寧愿(選擇)，更喜歡(后可接動名詞或不定式)eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))contrastv．&n.比較，對照contrast(sth.)withsth.與……對比eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))cathedral/k?'θi?dr?l/n.大教堂eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))motivate/'m??tI?veIt/v.激發(fā)，激勵eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))which引導定語從句，修飾thesenseofexploration。eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))handinhand手拉手，密切關(guān)聯(lián)eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))inwhich引導定語從句，修飾view。eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))ofvalue＝valuableeq\o(○,\s\up1(39))過去分詞短語作狀語。[第4～5段譯文]文藝復興的藝術(shù)家從古希臘以及古羅馬文獻中為他們的作品尋找新點子。而他們也通過開辟新的藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域來展望未來。畫家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了怎樣利用透視和光的作用；作曲家們將不同的聲音合到一起創(chuàng)造了復調(diào)音樂；相比較于中世紀哥特式教堂的沉重來說，建筑師們則更喜歡設(shè)計更加光亮的建筑。這種激勵藝術(shù)家的探索意識與一種新的哲學攜手共進。幾個世紀以來，哲學家們都持有中世紀的世界觀，認為與上帝的偉大相比人的生命很渺小，現(xiàn)在他們開始提出諸如“人為何物？”以及“我為何存在？”這樣的問題。有史以來第一次，他們將人而不是宗教放在了宇宙的中心。TheRenaissancewasatimeofscientificinvention,too.Leonardo,aswellaseq\o(○,\s\up1(40))beingoneofthegreatestpainterstheworldhaseverknowneq\o(○,\s\up1(41))，wasalsoaskilledeq\o(○,\s\up1(42))inventor.Whereverhewenteq\o(○,\s\up1(43))，hecarriedanotebookaroundwithhim,inwhichhewrotedownhisideaseq\o(○,\s\up1(44)).Theyincludeddetaileddrawingsofthehumanbody,plansforengineerstobuildcanalsandbridges，andastonishingdrawingsofmachineswhichwerenottobebuilteq\o(○,\s\up1(45))untileq\o(○,\s\up1(46))hundredsofyearslater,suchasaeroplanes,parachuteseq\o(○,\s\up1(47))，submarineseq\o(○,\s\up1(48))andtankseq\o(○,\s\up1(49)).TowardstheendofhislifehewasemployedbytheKingofFrancetodoscientificresearch,andhedidnothavealotoftimeforpainting.Inshorteq\o(○,\s\up1(50))，Leonardowasanextraordinaryeq\o(○,\s\up1(51))genius,anexampleofwhathasbeendescribedaseq\o(○,\s\up1(52))“Renaissanceman”eq\o(○,\s\up1(53))：someoneinterestedineverythingandwithmanydifferenttalentseq\o(○,\s\up1(54)).ButevenifhisonlycontributiontohistoryhadbeentheMonaLisaeq\o(○,\s\up1(55))，itwouldhavebeengeniusenoughforalltime.,eq\o(○,\s\up1(40))aswellas(＝inadditionto)以及eq\o(○,\s\up1(41))此處為省略關(guān)系代詞的定語從句，修飾thegreatestpainters。eq\o(○,\s\up1(42))skilled/skIld/adj.有技巧的，熟練的beskilledat/in在……方面有技巧eq\o(○,\s\up1(43))wherever引導讓步狀語從句，相當于nomatterwhere。eq\o(○,\s\up1(44))inwhich引導定語從句，修飾notebook。eq\o(○,\s\up1(45))which引導定語從句，修飾machines。eq\o(○,\s\up1(46))not...until...直到……才……eq\o(○,\s\up1(47))parachute/'p?r???u?t/n.降落傘eq\o(○,\s\up1(48))submarine/'s?bm?ri?n/n.潛艇eq\o(○,\s\up1(49))tank/t??k/n.坦克eq\o(○,\s\up1(50))inshort總之，簡言之eq\o(○,\s\up1(51))extraordinaryadj.非凡的，出色的，異乎尋常的，令人驚奇的eq\o(○,\s\up1(52))describe...as...把……描繪成……eq\o(○,\s\up1(53))what引導賓語從句，在從句中作主語。eq\o(○,\s\up1(54))過去分詞短語和介詞短語都作someone的定語。eq\o(○,\s\up1(55))evenif“即使”，引導讓步狀語從句。[第6～7段譯文]文藝復興也是一個科學發(fā)明層出不窮的時代。作為舉世公認的最偉大的畫家之一，萊奧納多同時也是一個熟練的發(fā)明家。不管走到哪里他都隨身攜帶一個筆記本，以便隨時記錄下自己的想法。這些包括人體的細致素描、供工程師建造運河以及橋梁的設(shè)計以及一些令人震驚的成百上千年后才被造出來的機器制圖，如飛機、降落傘、潛水艇以及坦克。在生命晚年，他受法國國王委托去做一些科學研究，所以很少有時間從事繪畫創(chuàng)作。簡言之，萊奧納多是一個非凡的天才，一個被描繪成“文藝復興人物”的典范：一個對凡事皆有興趣并有諸多才能的人。但即使他對歷史的貢獻僅僅是一幅《蒙娜·麗莎》，這也已經(jīng)足夠成為恒久的天才作品。Pre-readingPleasematchthewordswiththeirpropermeanings.1．subjectA．breakingthecalmofsth./sb.;causingworry2．dullB．notbrightorclear;lackinginterest3．disturbingC．darknessorcoolnesscausedbysth.;blockingdirectlightorheat4．basicallyD．tobeinthereasonfor;tomakesb.wanttodosth.5．shadeE．havingenoughability;skillful6．effectF．a(chǎn)phenomenonthatfollowsandiscausedbysomepreviousphenomenon7．motivateG．a(chǎn)thingorpersonthatisbeingdiscussed,describedordealtwith8．skilledH．inthemostimportantways,withoutconsideringthingsthatarelessimportant1～5________________6～8________________答案：1～5GBAHC6～8FDELead-inDoyoulikepainting?Canyounamesomefamouspaintersathomeandabroad?Lookatthefollowingpicturesandfindoutwhopaintthem.1．Xu_Beihong2.Van_GoghWhile-readingFast-reading(Ⅰ)What'sthegeneralideaofthepassage?The_meaning_of_Renaissance,_the_representative_figures_and_their_works.(Ⅱ)Skimthetextandmatcheachparagraphwiththeirmainideas.1．Para.1A．Renaissanceartistsformedthenewideasforpainting,music,andarchitecture.2．Para.2 B．Leonardo'sinfluenceonhistory.3．Para.3C．SomethingthatLeonardodidasaskilledinventor.4．Para.4D．TheintroductionoftheMonaLisa.5．Para.5E．TheimplicationoftheRenaissance.6．Para.6F．Achangeinideasaboutreligion.7．Para.7G．ThedevelopmentoftradebecomesoneofthefactorsoftheRenaissance.答案：1～5DEGAF6～7CBCareful-reading(Ⅰ)Choosethebestanswersaccordingtothepassage.1．TheMonaLisaisbelievedtobe________.A．paintedintheyears1513－1516B．paintedbyLeonardodaVinciC．oneofthebestpaintingsintheRenaissanceD．keptinChina2．TheRenaissance________.A．isnotmorethanjustMonaLisaB．isanEnglishwordC．means“rebirth”D．firstappearedinEnglishinthe15thcentury3．WhichofthefollowingshowsthetradeduringtheRenaissance?A．Europewasgettingfatterthanbefore.B．LeonardoworkedforimportantpeoplesuchastheDukeofGermany.C．Peoplecouldn'taffordtobuytheartists'worksoremploythem.D．Richpeoplespentmoneyonarts.4．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．Paintersdiscoveredhowtouseperspectiveandtheeffectsoflight.B．Composersputdifferentvoicestogetherandcreatedpolyphony.C．Architectspreferredtodesignbuildingswithmorelight.D．Theylookedback,too,byopeningnewfrontiersinthearts.5．Leonardo________.A．isnotonlythegreatestpainterbutalsoaskilledinventorB．istheMonaLisaC．wasanordinarygeniusD．hasbeendescribedasaRenaissancewoman答案：1～5BCDDA(Ⅱ)Completethefollowingformaccordingtothepassage.ThemeaningoftheRenaissancePara.1TheRenaissancerefersto14thto16thcentury1.Italy,_andthedevelopmentofart,architecture,musicandliteraturethere.Thefamouspainting,theMonaLisa,isagoodexampleoftheRenaissance2.spirit.Para.2Renaissancemeans3.“rebirth”inFrench,anditwasusedtoshowthattheEuropeanshad4.woken_upaftertheirlongsleepinthelongMiddleAges.Thebackgro-undoftheRenaissancePara.3InternationaltrademadetheEuropeansricher,sotheyhadextramoneyto5.spendonthearts.AchievementsoftheRenaissancePara.4Renaissanceartistsfoundnewideasfortheirworkinclassical6.Greece_and_Rome.Para.5Thesenseof7.explorationmotivatedtheartistswithanewtypeofphilosophyandtheyput8.peopleatthecenteroftheuniverse.Para.6TheRenaissancewasatimeof9.scientific_invention.DaVinciwasoneoftheskilledinventorsatthattime.Para.7DaVinci,whowasinterestedineverythingandhadmanydifferenttalents,wasagoodexampleof“10.Renaissance_man”.Study-readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthepassage.1．Itisbelievedtobethebestexampleofanewlifelike-styleofpaintingthatamazedpeoplewhenitwasfirstused.[句式分析]Itisbelievedto_be_the_best_example_...ofpainting主語不定式作補語that_amazed_peoplewhen_it_was_first_used.定語從句時間狀語從句[嘗試翻譯]它被認為是一種新的形象逼真型繪畫風格的最好代表，這種繪畫風格首次被使用就使人們驚嘆不已。2．Whereverhewent,hecarriedanotebookaroundwithhim,inwhichhewrotedownhisideas.[句式分析][嘗試翻譯]不管走到哪里，他都隨身攜帶一個筆記本，以便隨時記錄下自己的想法。3．Theyincludeddetaileddrawingsofthehumanbody,plansforengineerstobuildcanalsandbridges,andastonishingdrawingsofmachineswhichwerenottobebuilthundredsofyearslater,suchasaeroplanes,parachutes,submarinesandtanks.[句式分析]本句是一個復合句；主句中They是主語，astonishing前面的and連接三個并列的賓語；which引導定語從句，修飾先行詞machines。[嘗試翻譯]這些包括人體的細致素描、供工程師建造運河以及橋梁的設(shè)計以及一些令人震驚的成百上千年后才被造出來的機器制圖，如飛機、降落傘、潛水艇以及坦克。Ⅰ.閱讀理解AMichelangeloBuonarrotiwasborninCaprese,ItalyonMarch6,1475.HewasstillyoungwhenhisfamilymovedtoFlorencewhereMichelangelogrewup.Hismotherdiedwhenhewasonlysixyearsold.GrowingupinFlorenceduringtheItalianRenaissancewastheperfectstageofyoungMichelangelo'slife.Evenasachildallhewantedtodowaspaintingandtobeanartist.Attheageofthirteen,hewenttolearnfromDomenicoGhirlandaio,whowasnotonlyapainterbutalsoanartist.Michelangelo'stalentsbecameapparentasheworkedforDomenico.WithinayearorsoDomenicosenthimtothepowerfulMedicifamilytocontinuehistrainingunderthesculptor(雕刻家)BertoldodiGeovanni.Michelangelowasabletoworkwithsomeofthefinestartistsandphilosophersofthetime.Duringthenextfewyears,MichelangeloproducedmanyfamoussculpturesincludingMadonnaoftheSteps,BattleoftheCentaursandBacchus.In1496MichelangelomovedtoRome.AyearlaterhewasaskedtomakeasculpturecalledThePieta.ItwouldbecomeoneofthemasterpiecesofRenaissanceart.TodaythissculpturesitsinSt.Peter'sBasilicaintheVatican.ItistheonlypieceofartthatMichelangelosigned.Michelangelo'sfame(名聲)asagreatartistbegantogrow.HereturnedtoFlorenceandwasaskedtocreatealargestatueofDavid.Ittookhimacoupleofyearstofinishthegiantstatue.Thepieceofmarble(大理石)hebeganwithwasverytallandthin.Manypeopledidn'tthinkhecoulddomuchwithit.Heworkedwithoutlettinganyoneseeituntilitwasfinished.DavidbecameMichelangelo'smostfamousworkofart.ItisthirteenfeettallandisthelargeststatuemadesinceAncientRome.Itisconsideredbymanyexpertsinarttobeanearlyperfectsculpture.TodaythestatuesitsattheAcademyofFineArtsinFlorence,語篇解讀：米開朗基羅·博那羅蒂是意大利文藝復興時期著名的藝術(shù)家，本文向我們介紹了一些他的生平事跡。1.WhatcanwelearnaboutMichelangeloasayoungchild?A．Helivedaveryhardlife.B．Heshowedgreatinterestinart.C．HewantedtogotoFlorenceverymuch.D．Hedidn'thavemuchtimetolearnpainting.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Evenasachildallhewantedtodowaspaintingandtobeanartist.”可推斷，米開朗基羅小時候就對藝術(shù)很感興趣。2．MichelangelowassenttoworkunderthesculptorBertoldodiGeovannimostprobablybecause________.A．MichelangelohadlosthisinterestinpaintingB．Domenicodidn'tthinkMichelangelohadagiftforpaintingC．BertoldodiGeovanniofferedtoshowMichelangelosculpturesD．DomenicowantedMichelangelotomakebetteruseofhisgiftthere解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Michelangelo'stalentsbecameapparentasheworked...thesculptor(雕刻家)BertoldodiGeovanni.”可推斷，多梅尼科是為了米開朗基羅能更好地利用自己的天賦才把他送到BertoldodiGeovanni那里去工作的。3．WhatsculpturebyMichelangelowillyouseeinSt.Peter'sBasilica?A．Bacchus.B．ThePieta.C．MadonnaoftheSteps.D．BattleoftheCentaurs.解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“AyearlaterhewasaskedtomakeasculpturecalledThePieta.ItwouldbecomeoneofthemasterpiecesofRenaissanceart.TodaythissculpturesitsinSt.Peter'sBasilicaintheVatican.”可知，B項符合題意。4．WhenMichelangelobeganhisworkoncreatingalargestatueofDavid,manypeople________.A．couldn'twaittomakefunofhisworkB．thoughthewouldfinishitwithinmonthsC．knewitwouldbehismostfamousworkofartD．didn'tthinkhewouldmakegooduseofit解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Manypeopledidn'tthinkhecoulddomuchwithit.”可知，一開始很多人認為那塊大理石不適合雕刻那個作品。BLeonardodaVinci,thesonofalocallawyer,wasbornon15April1452neartheTuscantownofVinci.Hewasapprenticed(做學徒)tothesculptorandpainterAndreadelVerrocchioinFlorenceandin1478becameanindependentmaster.Inabout1483,hemovedtoMilantoworkfortheruling(統(tǒng)治的)Sforzafamilyasanengineer,sculptor,painterandarchitect.LeonardowasinMilanuntilthecitywasinvadedbytheFrenchin1499andtheSforzafamilywasforcedtoflee.HemayhavevisitedVenicebeforereturningtoFlorence.DuringhistimeinFlorence,hepaintedseveralportraits,buttheonlyonethatsurvivesisthefamousportrait—theMonaLisa(1503－1506).In1506,LeonardoreturnedtoMilan,stayingthereuntil1513.ThiswasfollowedbythreeyearslivinginRome.In1517,attheinvitationoftheFrenchKingFrancisⅠ，LeonardomovedtotheChateauofCloux,nearAmboiseinFrance,wherehediedon2May,1519.ThefameofLeonardo'ssurvivingpaintingsmeansthathehasbeenregardedprimarilyasanartist,butthethousandsofsurvivingpagesofhisnotebooksshowthemostbrilliantmind.Hewroteanddrewonsubjectsincludinggeology,anatomy(解剖學),whichhestudiedinordertopaintthehumanformmoreexactly.He“invented”thebicycle,airplane,helicopter,andparachutesome500yearsaheadoftheirtime.Ifalltheseworkshadbeenpublishedinanunderstandableform,Leonardo'splaceasapioneeringscientistwouldhavebeenbeyonddebate.Yethistruegeniuswasnotasascientistoranartist,butasacombinationofthetwo:anartist-engineer.Hispaintingwasscientific,basedonadeepunderstandingoftheworkingsofthehumanbodyandthephysicsoflightandshade.Hissciencewasexpressedthroughart,andhisdrawingsanddiagramsshowedwhathemeant,andhowheunderstoodtheworldworked.eq\x(語篇解讀：本文介紹了達·芬奇的生平以及其在繪畫、科學等方面的成就。)5．Leonardo'scareerreacheditspeakprobablyduringhisstayin________.A．Milan B．VeniceC．Florence D．Rome解析：選C推理判斷題。從第二段最后一句可知，達·芬奇在佛羅倫薩期間創(chuàng)作了很多繪畫，其中留下來的只有《蒙娜·麗莎》，由此推斷，這個時期是他事業(yè)的巔峰。6．WhydidLeonardostudyanatomy?A．Hewantedtobeadoctor.B．Hehadstronginterestinit.C．Hewantedtoinventotherobjects.D．Hewantedtopaintthehumanformexactly.解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。從倒數(shù)第二段可知，達·芬奇研究解剖學的目的是為了更加精確地描繪人體。7．Whatdoesthelastparagraphintendtotellus?A．Leonardohadaspecialwayofpainting.B．Leonardowasbothanartistandascientist.C．Leonardowasanartistinsteadofascientist.D．Leonardowasmoreofascientistthananartist.解析：選B段落大意題。綜合文章最后一段，本段主要強調(diào)達·芬奇是畫家和科學家的融合，既是畫家也是科學家。CInthelaterhalfofthe13thcentury,anewtrendoffineartsappearedinthecentralpartofItalywithFlorenceasitscentre,representingthechangefromfineartsofMiddleAgestoRenaissanceart.Atthattime,Florenceschoolbecamethemainstreamoffinearts.The14thcenturysawthebirthofagreatartist—Giotto.HisartboreastrikingtendencyofRealism.FormostpeopleGiotto_is_the_first_name_in_European_painting_since_antiquity.Thathehadbreathedfreshlifeintopaintingwasrecognisedbypeopleoftheday,andlaterbyGhibertiandVasari.BeforeGiotto,paintingwasstillconsidereda“mechanical”art.GiottocametooccupyapositionofgreatrespectinFlorence.ThoughhewasemployedbytheBardiandPeruzzifamilies,ownersofthemostimportantEuropeanbankinghousesoftheday,heneverlimitedhisactivitytoFlorence,andprestigious(聲望很高的)commissioninotherpartsofItalykepthimonthemovefrequently.AtatimewhenItaly'sflourishingeconomymadeeveryItaliancityanindependentculturalandartisticcentre,Giottowentbeyondregionalbarriersandtheeffectofhisartwasfeltthroughoutthepeninsula(半島).InhislifetimeGiottohasraisedpaintingtoaprestigiouslevelamongthearts,tosuchahighlevelthatitinfluencedsculpture.ItalianpaintingcanbesaidtohavechangedgreatlywiththeappearanceofGiottothaneverbefore.ThemotivationGiottogavetotheartswassogreatthatitdeterminedthefateofEuropeanpainting.BythemiddleofthefourteenthcenturyEuropehadalreadybecomeawareofGiotto'snewideas,whichagreedwiththegrowingseculartendencyinEuropeansociety.語篇解讀：喬托——意大利杰出的畫家，被認定是意大利文藝復興時期的開創(chuàng)者，被譽為“歐洲繪畫之父”。8．Beforethelaterhalfofthe13thcentury________.A．fineartsofMiddleAgeswasthemainstreamB．RenaissanceartwasthemainstreamC．FlorenceschoolbegantodisappearD．Giottobecameagreatartist解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知，13世紀后半期，美術(shù)發(fā)生了很大的變化，從中世紀美術(shù)向文藝復興美術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)變。由此可判斷出在13世紀前半期，中世紀美術(shù)為主流。故答案為A。9．Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“GiottoisthefirstnameinEuropeanpaintingsinceantiquity”inParagraph2?A．Giottoistheartist'sfirstname.B．GiottoisthemanwhostartedEuropeanpainting.C．GiottoisthemostimportantpainterinEuropesinceantiquity.D．GiottoisthenameofamostfamousEuropeanpainting.解析：選C句意理解題。從第二段看出，本段講述這位藝術(shù)家的巨大成就，而題目中的這句話正好支持這段的主題。所以這句話就是為了表明他在繪畫界的地位。10．Fromthethirdparagraphwecanlearn________.A．Giottothoughtpaintingwasa“mechanical”artB．Giottodidn'tgetgreatrespectinFlorenceC．GiottoownedEuropeanbankinghousesD．Giotto'sartaffectedthewholeItaly解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“...theeffectofhisartwasfeltthroughoutthepeninsula(半島)”可知，他的藝術(shù)作品影響了整個意大利半島。11．Th