2019年英語新外研選修七講義Module6SectionⅢGrammar-虛擬語氣和狀語從句

SectionⅢGrammar—虛擬語氣和狀語從句語法圖解探究發(fā)現(xiàn)①Theyhaverecommendedthatthesitebeclosedandrepaired.②Theyhavesuggestedthatthegeneralpublicbeencouragedtohelpwiththeproblem.③AprofessorattheAcademyhasproposedthatafundbeestablishedtoraisemoney.④MaryspeaksasifshewereChinese.⑤It'shightimethatweshouldhave/hadarest.⑥Aslongasyou'vegotaraincoat,you'llbeOK.⑦Juststaywhereyouareanddon'tmove.⑧Heroasheis,hehassomeshortcomings.⑨Whateverhappens,you'regoingtohaveamarveloustime.⑩Thelittlechildeatswhateverwegivehim.[我的發(fā)現(xiàn)](1)以上句中，①～⑤句謂語動詞均使用了虛擬語氣。①、②、③從句中用should＋動詞原形，should可以省略。(2)⑥～⑧句中黑體部分分別引導(dǎo)條件、地點(diǎn)、讓步狀語從句。(3)由⑧句可知，as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，句子要采用倒裝語序。(4)⑨句中黑體部分引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，⑩句中引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。一、虛擬語氣虛擬語氣用于賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句或同位語從句中，常可表示要求、建議、命令、提議、意愿等，其虛擬語氣往往是由“(should＋)動詞原形”構(gòu)成。1．賓語從句中的虛擬語氣(1)一般用法在表示命令、建議、勸告、欲望、要求、主張這一類動詞后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣，即should＋動詞原形，should可以省略。這類動詞有suggest(建議),insist(堅持要求),demand,request,desire,order,advise,propose,command,recommend等。Shesuggestedthatwe(should)startoffearlythenextday.她建議我們第二天早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。Thedoctorinsistedthepatient(should)besenttohospitalimmediately.醫(yī)生堅決要求這個病人立刻被送往醫(yī)院。Thebossrequestedthatthesecretary(should)typeouttheplaninfiveminutes.老板要求秘書在五分鐘內(nèi)把計劃打印出來。Theworkerrecommendedthatthemachine(should)becheckedonceaweek.工人建議這臺機(jī)器應(yīng)該一周檢查一次。[名師點(diǎn)津]①當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“堅持說”之意時，suggest/insist后的賓語從句不用虛擬語氣，應(yīng)使用陳述語氣。②表示“堅持”“命令”“建議”“要求”等的名詞后面接同位語從句、表語從句時，從句中謂語用should＋動詞原形，should可以省略。(2)wish后面的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，從句中謂語動詞主要有三種形式：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(虛擬過去：從句謂語用“had＋過去分詞”,虛擬現(xiàn)在：從句謂語用一般過去時，be動詞通常用were,虛擬將來：從句謂語形式為“would/could/should/might,＋動詞原形”))Wewishwehadstudiedmorehardwhenatschool.我們上學(xué)時能學(xué)習(xí)再努力一點(diǎn)就好了。IwishIweretaller.我的個子要是再高一點(diǎn)兒就好了。IwishIcouldfly.我要是能飛就好了。Iwishhewouldtryagain.我希望他能再試一次。(3)wouldrather后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，從句謂語主要有兩種形式：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(虛擬現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚篸idbe動詞一般用were,虛擬過去：haddone))Iwouldratheryoucametoseemetomorrow.我寧愿你明天來看我。Iwouldratheryouhadn'ttoldmethefact.我寧愿你沒有告訴我實(shí)情。[即時演練1](1)用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Theywishthatpriceswoulddecline(decline)．②Heorderedthatthestudents(should)wash(wash)theclotheseveryweekbythemselves.③I'dratheryoudidn'tmake(not,make)anycommentontheissueforthetimebeing.④(陜西高考改編)Mymomsuggeststhatwe(should)eat(eat)outforachangethisweekend.(2)完成句子①HeinsistedthatIhadreadhisletter.他堅持說我看過他的信。②HeinsistedthatI(should)seethefilm.他堅持要我看看那部電影。③Hesuggestedthatwe(should)stayfordinner.他建議我們留下吃飯。④Whathesaidsuggestedthathewasacheat.他說的話表明他是一個騙子。2．主語從句中的虛擬語氣(1)在Itis/wassuggested(requested,required,ordered,proposed,decided,etc.)that...句型中，it是形式主語，從句常用虛擬語氣，謂語為“(should＋)動詞原形”。Itisrequiredthatthestudents(should)wearschooluniformsatschool.學(xué)校要求學(xué)生在學(xué)校必須穿校服。Itissuggestedthatparents(should)spendmoretimewiththeirchildren.人們建議父母應(yīng)該花更多的時間和孩子在一起。(2)Itis/wasimportant/necessary/natural/strange/apity/nowonder...＋thatsb.shoulddo...Itisapitythatheshouldfailtopassthedrivingtest.真遺憾他竟然沒有通過駕駛測試。Itwasnecessarythatwe(should)makeeverythingreadyaheadoftime.我們有必要事先做好準(zhǔn)備。Itisimportantthateverypupil(should)beabletounderstandtherulesofschool.重要的是學(xué)生都能了解校規(guī)。[即時演練2](1)完成句子①Itisrequiredthatnobody(should)smokehere.要求任何人不要在此抽煙。②Itisimportantthatenoughmoney(should)becollectedtofundtheproject.重要的是募集足夠的錢，為這個項(xiàng)目提供資金。③It'ssuggestedthatwe(should)takegoodcareofthepatient.有人建議我們應(yīng)該照顧好病人。(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Itisimportantforteenagerstolearnskills.→Itisimportantthatteenagersshouldlearnskills.②Peoplerequiredthattheearthshouldbeprotectedwell.→Itisrequiredthattheearthshouldbeprotectedwell.3．表語從句中的虛擬語氣基本結(jié)構(gòu)：(表示建議、提議、命令、要求等的)名詞＋be＋that＋主語＋(should＋)動詞原形Thedoctor'sadvicewasthatyou(should)giveupsmoking.醫(yī)生的建議是你應(yīng)該戒煙。4．同位語從句中的虛擬語氣基本結(jié)構(gòu)：(表示建議、提議、命令、要求等的)名詞＋that＋主語＋(should＋)動詞原形Theyoungmanfollowedhisdoctor'sadvicethathe(should)giveupdrinking.那個年輕人接受了醫(yī)生讓他戒酒的建議。[名師點(diǎn)津]表語從句和同位語從句中，表示請求、要求、命令、建議等的名詞有advice,desire,order,proposal,recommendation,request,plan,idea,requirement,suggestion,demand等。[即時演練3](1)完成句子①Hisorderisthattheproblem(should)besolvedatonce(問題應(yīng)馬上解決)．②Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)holdameetingtonight(今晚我們應(yīng)該開個會)．③Wefollowedhisadvicethatwe(should)askourteacherforhelp(我們應(yīng)該請求老師幫忙)．④Hisdemandisthatwe(should)doourworkmorecarefully(我們做工作應(yīng)該更細(xì)心些)．(2)單句改錯①HisfathergaveanorderthathekeepsadiaryinEnglisheveryday.keeps→keep②Imadeasuggestionthathewillputanadvertisementinthelocalpaper.will→should或去掉will③Ourdesireisthatthematchwillbeputoff.will→should或去掉will④Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthematerialmustbeheatedtoitsburningtemperature.must→should或去掉must5．在asif/though引導(dǎo)的從句中的虛擬語氣從句用過去時表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑從句用過去完成時表示對過去事實(shí)的假設(shè)Itseemsasifitwerespring.現(xiàn)在好像是春天似的。Sheappearedasifshehadknownnothingaboutit.她看上去對此一無所知。6．It's(high)time...句式中的虛擬語氣在Itis(high)time...句式中，time后的從句要用虛擬語氣，從句謂語動詞用過去式或“should＋動詞原形”。Itistimewedid/shoulddosomethingforourcountry.到了我們該為國家做些事情的時候了。Itishightimeyoucleaned/shouldcleantheclassroom.到了你該打掃教室的時候了。[即時演練4]用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Theytalkedaboutthecityasthoughtheyhadbeen(be)therebefore.②Johnpretendsasifhedidn'tknow(not,know)thethingatall.③It'shightimethatwegot/shouldget(get)downtoourwork.④Thattreelooksasifitwasn'twatered(not,water)foralongtime.⑤It'stimethatpeoplepaid/shouldpay(pay)attentiontotheenvironment.⑥(遼寧高考改編)Jackisagreattalker.It'shightimethathedid/shoulddosomethinginsteadofjusttalking.二、狀語從句狀語從句是在復(fù)合句中作狀語的從句，本單元主要講的是地點(diǎn)狀語從句、條件狀語從句和讓步狀語從句。1．地點(diǎn)狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句可置于句首、句中或句尾，常用where,wherever等引導(dǎo)。Wherethereisnorain,farmingisdifficultorimpossible.在沒有雨水的地方，耕作是困難的，或根本是不可能的。Youarefreetogowhereveryoulike.你可以隨意到你喜歡的任何地方去。[名師點(diǎn)津]where表示特指的某個地方；wherever表示泛指任何地方。[即時演練5]選詞填空(where,wherever)/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Hemustgowhereverwesendhim.②Makeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestion.③(重慶高考改編)Halfanhourlater,Lucystillcouldn'tgetataxiwherethebushaddroppedher.④Wemustcampintheplace,wherewecangetwater.→Wemustcampwherewecangetwater.2．條件狀語從句條件狀語從句可置于句首或句尾，常用if,unless,as/solongas,incase,onconditionthat等引導(dǎo)。Ifitdoesn'traintomorrow,wewillgohiking.如果明天不下雨，我們就去遠(yuǎn)足。Iwillnotgotothepartyunlesshegoesthere,too.除非他也去，否則，我也不會去參加聚會的。Youcangoouttoplayaslongasyoustayinthebackyard.只要不出后院，你就可以出去玩。Incaseyouneedsomething,pleasedon'thesitatetoletmeknow.如果你需要什么東西，請告訴我，別客氣。[即時演練6]連詞填空①Youcangoswimmingonconditionthatyoudon'tgotoofarawayfromtheriverbank.②Youmayborrowthebookso/aslongasyoukeepitclean.③(湖南高考改編)Youwillnevergainsuccessunlessyouarefullydevotedtoyourwork.④Ifheisnotintheoffice,hemustbeoutforlunch.3．讓步狀語從句常見引導(dǎo)詞有though,while(一般位于句首)，although,evenif/eventhough,as,nomatter＋疑問詞等。Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandthen,eventhoughhe'sinhisnineties.(2016·北京高考)我爺爺盡管已經(jīng)九十多歲了，仍然不時地打打網(wǎng)球。Althoughbirdsusetheirfeathersforflight,someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes.(2017·北京高考)雖然鳥類用羽毛飛行，但是它們的一些羽毛也有其他用途。Nomatterhow(＝However)difficultitis,Iwillovercomeit.無論它多么難，我都會克服它。[名師點(diǎn)津](1)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句需倒裝，將表語、狀語或部分謂語提前；表語是名詞時，其前不帶冠詞；though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句可倒裝，也可不倒裝。(2)nomatter＋疑問詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；疑問詞＋ever既可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，又可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。[即時演練7](1)連詞填空①However/Nomatterhowpurethewaterlooks,Idonotwanttodrinkit.②Whetheryoubelieveitornot,it'strue.③Although/Thoughhewasexhausted,hekeptonworking.④Objectas/thoughyoumay,I'llgo.⑤Wewon'tbediscouragedevenif/thoughwefailtentimes.(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Thoughsheisapopstar,shestillneedstoimprove.→Popstaras/thoughsheis,shestillneedstoimprove.②Whateveryousay,I'llneverchangemymind.→Nomatterwhatyousay,I'llneverchangemymind.③Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustkeepthelaw.→Whoeveryouare,youmustkeepthelaw.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Theymadeanrequirementthatwe(should)accompany(accompany)themonthetrip.2．Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI'dratherhefocused(focus)moreonitsculture.3．It'simportantthathe(should)ask(ask)adviceofotherpeopleabouthiswork.4．Onecanalwaysmanagetodomorethings,nomatterhowfullone'sscheduleisinlife.5．Although/Thoughlifeisfullofupsanddowns,wherethereislife,thereishope.6．Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisenwheretherewasnothingayearagobutruins.7．Hotasthenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.8．Unlesswehaveenoughevidence,wecan'twinthecase.9．Youcanborrowmycaras/solongasyoupromisenottodrivetoofast.10．Itishightimewestudied/shouldstudy(study)harder.Ⅱ.完成句子1．WhereverIam,Iwillbethinkingofyou.不管我在哪里我都會想到你。2．Let'sgooutforawalkunlessyouaretootired.如果你不太累，我們出去散散步。3．Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.雖然是個小孩，該做什么不做什么，他全知道。4．Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itisreallytrue.信不信由你，這確實(shí)是真的。5．Whateverhappened,hewouldnotm