2019年英語新外研必修五講義Module2SectionⅡIntroductionReading--LanguagePoints

Section_ⅡIntroduction_&_Reading_—_Language_Points一、這樣記單詞記得準·寫得對得快·記得多Ⅰ.基礎詞匯1.barbern．理發(fā)師2.offervi.(主動)提出(愿意做某事)3.signaln.信號4.sheeradj.垂直的；陡峭的5.bendn.彎曲處；彎道6.circularadj.圓形的7.encountern.相遇；邂逅8.profoundadj.(影響)深刻的；極大的9.missionn.任務；職責；使命10.qualifiedadj.合格的；稱職的Ⅱ.拓展詞匯1.satisfyingadj.令人滿意的→satisfyv．使(某人)滿意、滿足→satisfiedadj.滿意的→satisfactionn．滿意，滿足2.stressfuladj.充滿壓力的；緊張的→stressn．壓力；緊張3.minern．礦工→minen．礦；礦井4.volunteern．志愿者v．自愿→voluntaryadj.自愿的；自發(fā)的；主動的5.respectvt.遵守；尊敬n．尊敬→respectfuladj.尊敬人的→respectableadj.值得尊敬的6.directvt.指揮→directionn．方向，指導→directorn．導演，指揮者[記法]intel(在……之間)＋lect(選)＋-al(形容詞后綴)懂得如何明智地選擇的→intellectual[聯(lián)想]①intelligencen．智力，智慧②intelligentadj.聰明的，有才智的，智能的1.intellectualadj.腦力的；思維的，需用才智的2.accountantn．會計[記法]ac(表示“一再”等加強意)＋count(計算)＋-ant(表“……人”)→accountant[聯(lián)想]count詞根相關詞一覽①countv．數(shù)，計算②countern．柜臺③countryn．國家；鄉(xiāng)村④countrysiden．農(nóng)村⑤accountn．賬戶3.biochemistn．生物化學家[記法]bio-(生物的)＋chemist(化學家)→biochemist[聯(lián)想]-ist后綴詞小結①physicist物理學家②chemist化學家③biologist生物學家④artist藝術家⑤dentist牙科醫(yī)生⑥technologist技術專家4.electriciann．電工；電器技師[記法]electr-(表示“電的”)＋-ian(表示“某種人”)[聯(lián)想]electr-前綴詞集錦①electricityn．電②electricadj.電的；電動的；發(fā)電的；導電的；令人震驚的③electricaladj.有關電的；電氣科學的二、這樣記短語記牢固定短語多積常用詞塊1.ingood/badcondition狀況好/差2．inparticular尤其；特別3．onaverage平均4．intheory理論上；從理論上來說5．inpractice實際上；在實踐中6．passby經(jīng)過7．take...forgranted以為……理所當然8．comeoff_脫離；舉行9．haveaneffecton對……產(chǎn)生影響10．takeup站好位置以備……；從事；占據(jù)1.thehumantrafficsignal人體交通信號2．a(chǎn)thighaltitude在高海拔地區(qū)3．beconsideredthemostdangerousroad被認為是最危險的路4．everytwoweeks每兩周5．respecttherules遵守這些規(guī)則6．thedeathtoll死亡人數(shù)7．directthetraffic指揮交通8．fromoppositedirections來自相反方向9．haveacloseencounterwithdeath跟死神打了個照面10．fromdawntodusk從拂曉到黃昏三、這樣記句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Thedropissogreatthatanyoneinsidethevehicleisluckytosurvive.懸崖落差如此大，以至于從如此高的懸崖上摔下去，車上任何一個能活著的人都是幸運的。

so...that引導結果狀語從句。Thecliffisso_sheer_thatnoonedarestomakeanattemptatclimbing.懸崖如此陡峭，無人敢嘗試攀爬。2.Everymorningheclimbsuptothebendwithalargecircularboardinhishand.每天早晨，他手里都拿著一塊大圓板爬上彎道。本句為with復合結構(with＋n.＋介詞短語)。Theteacherlookedatmewith_tears_in_her_eyes.老師看著我，眼里含著淚水。3.Hewasdrivingalorryloadofbananaswhenhecameofftheroadatabendandfellthreehundredmetresdownthemountain.當時他正駕駛著一輛滿載香蕉的卡車，突然在一個拐彎處偏離車道，墜落到山下300米處。sb.wasdoing...when...意為“某人正在做……這時……”，when為并列連詞。Iwas_readingattentivelyinmyownroomwhensuddenlyheknockedatthedoor.我正在聚精會神地在我自己的房間里讀書，這時他突然敲門。1．(教材P11)satisfyingadj.令人滿意的(1)satisfyvt.使(某人)滿意或滿足(2)satisfactionn.滿意；滿足toone'ssatisfaction使某人滿意的是(3)satisfiedadj.感到滿意的，滿足的besatisfiedwith對……感到滿意①Thecutegirl'sjobasanaccountantissatisfying,inhermother'sopinion.在她媽媽看來，這個漂亮姑娘的會計工作很令人滿意。②To_my_great_satisfaction/Much_to_my_satisfaction,_youhavebeenadmittedbyakeyuniversity.令我非常滿意的是，你被一所重點大學錄取了。③Tobesatisfiedwithwhatyouhave.知足者常樂。[辨析比較]satisfying,satisfiedsatisfying表示“令人滿意的，令人滿足的”，常用來修飾事物satisfied表示“感到滿意的”，常用來修飾人選用以上單詞填空④Whentheyoungsterheardthesinger'ssatisfyingsong,hefeltsatisfiedandasatisfiedsmileappearedonhisface.2．(教材P12)Thispersonhasofferedtodoajob—andmaynotbepaidfordoingit.這個人主動做這份工作——而且這項工作有可能沒有報酬。offerv．(主動)提出(愿意做某事)；提供；出價n．提議，提供；出價，報價(1)offertodosth.(主動)提出/愿意做某事offersb.sth.＝offersth.tosb.為某人提供某物offersb.moneyforsth.向某人出錢買某物(2)accept/takeanoffer接受提議refuse/turndownanoffer拒絕提議①Tomofferedtodrivemetotheairport,forwhichIfeltsograteful.湯姆主動開車把我送到機場，因為這件事我感到非常感激。②BillGatesdeclaredtooffermostofhisheritagetothecharity.比爾·蓋茨宣布將把他的大部分遺產(chǎn)捐給慈善事業(yè)。③Theyofferedus800thousandyuanforthehouse.他們向我們出價80萬元買這套房子。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]“向某人提供某物”還有以下一些固定表達方式：注意：offer可接雙賓語，而provide和supply不可以。3．(教材P12)Oneroadinparticular,whichgoesnorthfromLaPaz,isconsideredthemostdangerousroadintheworld.尤其是從拉巴斯通往北邊的一條路被認為是世界上最危險的路。inparticular尤其；特別beparticularabout/over...對……過于講究/挑剔particularly＝inparticular特別，尤其①Iwentalongthinkingofnothinginparticularandonlylookingatthingsaroundme.我一路走著，沒想什么特別的事，只是四下張望著。②MrsSmithwassoparticularabout/overeverythingthatnoservantscouldpleaseher.史密斯夫人對一切如此挑剔以至于沒有一個傭人能令她滿意。4．(教材P12)Althoughthereisnotalotoftraffic,onaverage,onevehiclecomesofftheroadeverytwoweeks.盡管交通量不大，但平均每兩周就有一輛車駛出公路。on(the/an)average平均above/belowaverage在平均水平之上/下anaverageof...平均有……theaverageof...……的平均數(shù)(量)①On(the/an)average,thereare200visitorstothemuseumeveryday.平均每天來游覽博物館的人數(shù)是200。②Temperaturesarebelowaverageforthetimeofyear.氣溫低于此時的年平均溫度。③Parentsspendan_average_of$220ayearontoysfortheirchildren.父母給孩子買玩具的花費每年平均為220美元。5．(教材P12)Butinpractice,fewdriversrespecttherules.但實際上，幾乎沒有司機遵守這些規(guī)則。respectvt.遵守，尊敬n．尊敬，尊重；方面(pl.)；問候；敬意(1)respectsb.forsth.因為某事尊重某人show/haverespectforsb.尊敬某人win/earn/gaintherespectofsb.贏得某人的尊重(2)inthis/thatrespect在這/那方面(3)respectableadj.受人尊敬的；值得尊敬的respectfuladj.尊敬人的；表示敬意的①Shehasalwaysbeenhonestwithme,andIrespectherforthat.她一直對我很誠實，我非常敬重她這一點。②Asaqualifiedmonitor,shehaswon/gained/earned_the_respect_ofherclassmates.作為一名稱職的班長，她已經(jīng)贏得了同學們的尊重。③Weshouldappreciateyourcooperationinthisrespect.我們應該感謝你在這方面的合作。6．(教材P13)Timoteostandsonthebendanddirectsthetraffic.鐵穆特歐站在拐角處指揮交通。directvt.指揮；指路；指示，命令；導演adj.直接的；徑直的adv.徑直地，直達地(1)directsb.tosp.指給某人去某地的路(2)directionn.方向；指南；說明inthedirectionof朝……方向(3)directorn.導演，指揮員directlyadv.直接地conj.一……就……①Apolicemanstoodinthemiddleoftheroad,directingthetraffic.一名警察站在路中央指揮交通。②Hewassokindthathedirectedmetothemuseum.他太好了，給我指了去博物館的路。③Isometimeshavenosenseofdirection(direct)whenIarriveatthecrossroads.當我到達十字路口時，我有時沒有方向感。④Thehusbandrushedtothehospitaldirectly(direct)heheardthathiswifewasinjured.丈夫一聽到他的妻子受傷了就匆忙趕往醫(yī)院。[語境串記]Directlythefakedirectornoticedthepolice,heraninthedirectionoftheexit.一看到警察，那個冒牌導演就朝出口跑去。7．(教材P13)Butoftentheyjustpassby,takingthehumantrafficsignalforgranted.但是通常他們(司機)只是從他身邊駛過，把人體交通標志看作理所當然的事情。take...forgranted以為……理所當然takeitforgrantedthat...以為……理所當然takeiteasy放松，別緊張takesb./sth.seriously認真對待某人/某事ocount把……考慮在內(nèi)takeone'stime慢慢來，不著急①Herhusbandwasalwaysthereandshejusttookhimforgranted.她丈夫隨時都在身邊，她只是認為他理應如此。②Take_it_easy!You'llbefinesoon.放輕松點兒！很快你就會好的。③Don'ttakeitseriously(serious)—he'sonlyteasing.別把它當真，他只不過是在開玩笑。④Isincerelyhopethatyouwilltakemysuggestionsintoaccount.我衷心希望你能考慮我的建議。8．(教材P13)ThislastexperiencehadaprofoundeffectonTimoteo.最后的這次經(jīng)歷對鐵穆特歐產(chǎn)生了極其深刻的影響。haveaneffecton對……產(chǎn)生影響carry/bring/oeffect實行，實施comeintoeffect開始生效，開始實施takeeffect生效，實施，起作用ineffect＝infact/inreality事實上；實際上①ChattingontheInternetmayhaveabadeffectonyourstudy.網(wǎng)上聊天可能會對你的學習產(chǎn)生不良影響。②It'sreportedthatnewMarriageLawhas_come_into/taken_effect.據(jù)報道新婚姻法已經(jīng)開始實施。③Ineffect,thatshouldkilltwobirdswithonestone.事實上，那樣會有一石二鳥的效果。[名師點津]effect意為“影響”時為名詞，其動詞形式為affect。9．(教材P13)Andsoeverymorning,weekin,weekout,fromdawntodusk,Timoteotakesuphisplaceonthebendanddirectsthetraffic.于是每天早晨，在路的拐彎處鐵穆特歐站好自己的位置，開始指揮來往的車輛，從拂曉到黃昏，一周又一周。takeup站好位置以備……；占據(jù)(用)；開始從事；拿起；繼續(xù)；接受[一詞多義]寫出下列句中takeup的含義①Theteachertookuphisplaceontheplatformandtookupthelessonwhereheleftofflastweek.站好位置以備……；繼續(xù)②Itookupwritingaftergraduation,whichusedtotakeupmostofmytime.開始從事；占據(jù)takeback拿回；收回takeoff(飛機)起飛；(事業(yè))成功；脫下(衣物)takeon呈現(xiàn)；雇用；承擔takeover接管；接替takein欺騙；吸入；理解takedown取下，拿下；記下；拆除③Thestudenttookdowntheproverbandtriedtotakeitin.那個學生寫下諺語，盡可能去理解它。④Afterhetookoverthecompany,ittookonanewlook.他接管公司后，公司呈現(xiàn)新面貌。1．Everymorningheclimbsuptothebendwithalargecircularboardinhishand.每天早晨，他手里都拿著一塊大圓板爬上彎道。本句中使用了with復合結構“with＋賓語＋介詞(短語)”作狀語。with復合結構通常在句中作狀語或定語，常見形式為：①Doyouknowtheladywithababyinherarms?你認識那位抱小孩兒的女士嗎？②Shewalkedbacktothebusstop,withhimfollowing(follow)her.她走回汽車站，他跟在她后面。③Withhimtaken(take)goodcareof,weallfeltquiterelieved.他被照顧得很好，我們都感到很欣慰。④Withalotofhomeworkto_finish(finish),Ihavenotimetogoshoppingwithyou.由于有許多家庭作業(yè)要做，我沒有時間與你一起去購物。2．Hewasdrivingalorryloadofbananaswhenhecameofftheroadatabendandfellthreehundredmetresdownthemountain.當時他正駕駛著一輛滿載香蕉的卡車，突然在一個拐彎處偏離車道，墜落到山下300米處。sb.wasdoingsth.when...“某人正在做某事，就在那時……”，此處when為并列連詞，意為“就在那時”，相當于andatthattime。when用作并列連詞的常用句型有：(1)was/weredoingsth.when...正在做……，這時(突然)……eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(2was/wereabouttodosth.when...was/wereonthepointofdoingsth.when...))正要做……，這時(突然)……(3)hadjustdonesth.when...剛做完……，這時(突然)……①IwasthinkingofthiswhenIheardmynamecalled.我正想著這件事，突然聽到有人叫我的名字。②Wewereabouttostartwhenitbegantorain.我們剛要動身，天就開始下起雨來了。③Ihad_hardly_opened_the_door_whenheknockedintome.我剛一開門他就撞到我身上了。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．—Susan!Shallwegooutforapicnicthisweekend?—Oh,withsomuchworkto_do(do),Idon'tknowifIhavetimetogoout.2．SomeTVprogramshaveanegativeeffectonchildrenbecausetheycontaintoomuchviolence.3．Ourattitudetowardsourdevotedteachersshouldberespectful(respect)．4．Comparedwithothergoodstudents,inmyopinion,Jackisamoresatisfying(satisfy)student.5．Therewerelotsofpeoplestandingwatching,yetnooneofthemofferedto_help(help)．6．Theyoungmanwasdrivinghisnewcar,boughtonlythreedaysago,inthedirectionoftheairport,whenanaccidenthappened.7．Iwasabouttoleavehomewhensomethingunexpectedhappened.8．Wefoundthehouseeasilywiththelittleboyleading(lead)theway.Ⅱ.選詞填空inparticular，inbadcondition，onaverage，takeup，intheory，inpractice，passby，takeitforgranted1．Hetakes_it_for_grantedthathismotherdoeseverythingforhim.2．EverynightIpass_bymyneighbor'swindow,Icanseethebrightlightthroughit.3．Thehouseneedspainting.It'sin_bad_condition.4．Heattachedimportancetothequalityofproductsin_particular.5．On_average,_womenlivefivetosevenyearslongerthanmen.6．In_theory,_anythingcouldhappen.7．Wehavetoldthedriverstheyneedspeedlimitsbut,in_practice,_theydon'trespectthem.8．Iputmymobilephonedownandwantedtotake_upmyworkagainbutIcouldn't.一、全練語言點，基穩(wěn)才能樓高Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Theboy'sparentsweregladtoseehissatisfying(令人滿意的)resultofthefinalexam.2．Mostofthereliefworkwasdonebyvolunteers(志愿者)．3．Heoffered(主動提出)tolendmehisnewbicyclebutIrefused,forIdidn'twanttotroublehim.4．Therewasacircular(圓形的)tableinthemiddleoftheroom.5．Doyoustillrememberourencounter(相遇；邂逅)oncampuslastsummer?6．Themother'sbehaviorhasaprofound(深遠的)impactonthedevelopmentofthechildren.7．Iemployedayoungwomanastemporary(臨時的)secretary.8．Hewasdeepinconversationwithhisaccountant(會計)．9．Hedirected(指揮)thebuildingofthenewbridgelastyear.10．Weneedmorequalified(合格的)scienceworkers.Ⅱ.單句改錯1．WearefarfromsatisfyingwiththepresentstateofaffairsintheParty.satisfying→satisfied2．Movingtoanewhouseisaverystressexperience.stress→stressful3．Inthepastfewyears,thevillagehastakenupanewlook.up→on4．Itwasfortunatethatsomebodyofferedhimwithahouse.去掉with或offered→provided/supplied5．Theyoungfamouswriteroweshissuccesstomanypeople,hisparentsonparticular.on→in6．Withaveragewereceivetenletterseachday.With→On7．We'llcomedirectlywhenwehavefinishedit.去掉when8．Hetookforgrantedthattheselocallawsappliedtothenewcomerslikehimself.took后加itⅢ.完成句子1．Ihad_just_gone_to_bedafteraveryharddaywhenthephonerang.在勞累了一天之后，我剛要上床睡覺，這時電話響了。2．Theideasoundsfinein_theory,_butwillitworkin_practice?這個主意從理論上聽起來不錯，但在實踐中能行嗎？3．Shetook_it_for_granted_thattheywouldapproveoftheidea.她想當然地認為他們會同意這個想法。4．Shelovesthesongin_particularbecausehermotherusedtosingit.她特別喜歡這首歌，因為她母親過去經(jīng)常唱。5．Thetabletakes_up_too_much_room.這張桌子太占地方。6．Thismedicinehas_a_good_effect_oncoughsandsorethroats.這種藥治療咳嗽和喉嚨痛的效果很好。7．Withourhomework_done,_wewentontoplayontheplayground.作業(yè)做完以后，我們接下來到操場玩耍。8．Yesterdayshegother_coat_washed.昨天她把外套洗了。9．Everyonehastherighttobetreatedwith_respect.人人有權受到尊重。10．Hisperformanceiswellbelow_average_of_his_class.他的成績大大低于班上的平均成績。Ⅳ.課文語法填空1．Situated(situate)at3,500metres,LaPazisthehighestcapitalintheworld.Lifeandcommunicationsarehardthere.Manyroadsare2.inbadconditionandaccidentsarefrequent.Oneroadinparticularisconsideredthemost3.dangerous(danger)and46-year-oldTimoteolivesinavillagenearthemostdangerouspartofit.Onedayhe4.was_driving(drive)alorryloadofbananas5.whenhecameofftheroadatabend.Somehowhesurvived.Thenseveralyearslater,he6.was_called(call)outinthenighttohelppullpeopleoutofa7.crashed(crash)busattheDevil'sbend,whichhadaprofoundeffect8.onhim.Hedecidedtotake9.uphisplaceonthebendanddirectthetraffic.Soweekin,weekout,fromdawntodusk,hestandsonthebend,workingasahumantrafficsignal,holdingalargecircularboard,onesideof10.whichisredandtheothersidegreen.ThankstoTimoteo,thedeathtollhasfallen.Ⅴ.串點成篇微表達劉剛從來就不認為父母的愛是理所當然的(take...forgranted)。他一直非常尊重(respect)自己的父母。他在十二歲時開始(takeup)彈鋼琴，一直練習得非?？炭?。他在一次比賽中贏得了一等獎，這使他的父母非常滿意(satisfied)。他有很多愛好，平均(onaverage)每月去野餐一次。一天，他正在騎自行車，突然(wasdoing...when...)看到一個老人向他打手勢(signal)。他停下來，發(fā)現(xiàn)老人迷路了，他主動(offer)把老人送回了家。Liu_Gang_never_takes_it_for_granted_that_his_parents_love_him._He_always_respects_his_parents._He_took_up_playing_the_piano_when_he_was_twelve._He_had_been_practicing_so_hard_that_he_won_the_first_prize_in_a_competition,_which_made_his_parents_satisfied._He_has_many_hobbies_and_goes_to_a_picnic_once_a_month_on_average._One_day_he_was_riding_his_bike_when_he_saw_an_old_man_signaling_to_him._He_stopped_and_found_that_the_old_man_was_lost._He_offered_to_take_the_old_man_home.二、勤練高考題型，多練自能生巧Ⅰ.完形填空Singingorlisteningtomusicduringmathclassisusuallynotaccepted.However,inKurt'sclassroom,it'snotthe__1__.Kurtisamathteacherinahighschool.Thisformerhip-hopartistisusinghis__2__backgroundtomakemathaloteasierandless__3__forhisstudents.Asachild,hehadproblems__4__math.However,ashegrewolder,he__5__thatitwasn'tcompletelyhis__6__andthatthetraditionaleducationsystemjustdoesn'tworkforallthestudents.Sohedecidedtocomeupwithanew__7__，whichwouldmakekidsmoreinterestedinschool.Finallyagoodidea__8__him.Withthehelpofsomefriends,Kurt__9__60-secondmathtracks.Theyaregivenacertainname,like“VanGuard”andhe__10__multiplicationtables(乘法表)tohip-hopbeats.Healsoencouragesdancingduringclass,__11__ithelpsthechildrengetintothemoodand__12__themintheirlearning.Sofar,Kurthasonlyinventedmusicalmaterialsforthemultiplications,butthe__13__havebeensopositivethatheisnowworkingonnewlearningmaterials.EversinceKurt__14__hip-hopintotheclassroom,hehashad__15__troubleduringclass.Andattendance(出勤率)is__16__at100%andthestudents'gradeshavegoneupgreatly.What'smore,thekids__17__lovelearningmathnow.Kurtwantsto__18__thetraditionalwayofteaching,buthe'snotsayingthatitdoesn'twork.Itjustdoesn'tworkfor__19__，becausenotallstudentslearnthesameway.Heonlyaimstoshowthatweneedtokeepa(n)__20__mindwhenitcomestochildren'seducation.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文?？铺乩蠋熢瓉硎且粋€說唱藝術家，后來他在一所高中教數(shù)學。他把說唱音樂形式和數(shù)學教學結合起來，讓自己的課堂頓時受到學生的青睞。1．A.planB．caseC．dutyD．problem解析：選B根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知，在科特老師的課上，情況并不是這樣。thecase意為“實況，情況”。2．A.musicalB．humorousC．secretD．famous解析：選A根據(jù)上文的“Thisformerhip-hopartist”及下文的內(nèi)容可知，以前科特是說唱藝術家，他把自己的音樂跟乏味的數(shù)學結合起來。3．A.strangeB．pleasantC．boringD．difficult解析：選C根據(jù)上文的“makemathaloteasier”及第二段中的“makekidsmoreinterested”可知，他的這種教學方式使得數(shù)學的學習變得容易許多，并且沒那么枯燥了。4．A.actingonB．takingonC．focusingonD．holdingon解析：選C根據(jù)語境可知，當科特還是孩子時，學習數(shù)學就有困難，很難把注意力集中在數(shù)學上。5．A.stressedB．suggestedC．a(chǎn)dmittedD．realized解析：選D然而，隨著年齡的增長，他明白了不喜歡數(shù)學并不完全是他自己的錯，傳統(tǒng)的教育制度并不適合所有學生。6．A.interestB．faultC．choiceD．trouble解析：選B參見上題解析。7．A.recordB．a(chǎn)ttitudeC．toolD．a(chǎn)pproach解析：選D他決定提出一種新的教學方式。8．A.hitB．foundC．metD．trusted解析：選A他終于想出了一個辦法。9．A.createdB．keptC．rememberedD