版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進行舉報或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡介
WSe2納米結(jié)構(gòu)的合成及減摩性能研究Abstract
Inthisstudy,wereportthesynthesisoftungstendiselenide(WSe2)nanoplatesusingasimplehydrothermalmethod,followedbytheircharacterizationandevaluationoftheirtribologicalproperties.TheWSe2nanoplateswerecharacterizedusingtransmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM),X-raydiffraction(XRD),andRamanspectroscopy,whichconfirmedtheirtwo-dimensionallayeredstructureandcrystallinenature.Thefrictionandweartestswereconductedusingaball-on-disktribometerunderdryslidingconditions.TheresultsshowedthattheWSe2nanoplatesexhibitexcellentanti-wearandfrictionreductionpropertiesunderthegiventestingconditions.TheincorporationofWSe2nanoplatesintolubricatingoilscanpotentiallyenhancethelubricatingperformanceandreducetheenergyconsumptioninvariousmechanicalsystems.
Introduction
Withtherapiddevelopmentofmodernmachineryandequipment,thedemandforhigh-performancelubricantshasincreasedsignificantly.Onewayofachievingthisgoalisthroughtheincorporationofnano-additivesintothelubricatingoils.Amongvariousnano-additives,tungstendiselenide(WSe2)hasattractedmuchattentionduetoitsuniquestructureandexcellenttribologicalproperties(Lietal.,2018).WSe2isatwo-dimensionallayeredmaterialconsistingofWandSeatomsarrangedinahexagonallattice.Ithasalowfrictioncoefficient,highhardness,andgoodchemicalstability,whichmakeitanidealcandidateforimprovingthetribologicalpropertiesoflubricatingoils(Zhangetal.,2016).
Inrecentyears,severalmethodshavebeendevelopedforthesynthesisofWSe2nanostructures,includingchemicalvapordeposition(CVD),solvothermalsynthesis,andhydrothermalsynthesis(Luoetal.,2019).Amongthesemethods,hydrothermalsynthesishasemergedasasimpleandefficientwayofproducingWSe2nanostructureswithhighyieldandquality(Xieetal.,2018).Thehydrothermalsynthesisprocessinvolvesthereactionofprecursormaterialsinahigh-temperatureandhigh-pressureaqueoussolution,whichpromotesthegrowthandself-assemblyofWSe2nanostructures.
Inthisstudy,wereportthesynthesisofWSe2nanoplatesusingasimplehydrothermalmethod,followedbytheircharacterizationandevaluationoftheirtribologicalproperties.TheobjectiveofthisstudywastoinvestigatethepotentialofWSe2nanoplatesasnano-additivesforimprovingthetribologicalpropertiesoflubricatingoils.
ExperimentalProcedure
SynthesisofWSe2nanoplates
WSe2nanoplatesweresynthesizedusingahydrothermalmethod.Inatypicalsynthesis,0.2gofWpowderand0.5gofSepowderweremixedina50mLTeflon-linedautoclave.Then,10mLofdeionized(DI)waterwasaddedtotheautoclave,andthemixturewasstirredfor30minutes.Theautoclavewassealedandheatedat200°Cfor24h.Aftercoolingtoroomtemperature,theresultingproductwascollectedbycentrifugationandwashedseveraltimeswithDIwaterandethanol.
CharacterizationofWSe2nanoplates
ThemorphologyandstructureofWSe2nanoplateswerecharacterizedusingtransmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM,JEM-2100F,JEOLLtd.,Japan)operatingatanacceleratingvoltageof200kV.X-raydiffraction(XRD)wasperformedusingaRigakuMiniFlexIIpowderX-raydiffractometeroperatingat40kVand20mAwithCuKαradiation(λ?=?1.5406?).RamanspectroscopywasconductedusingaRenishawinViaRamanmicroscopewithalaserwavelengthof532nm.
Tribologicaltests
ThetribologicalpropertiesofWSe2nanoplateswereevaluatedusingaball-on-disktribometer(UMT-2,Bruker,USA)underdryslidingconditions.Thetestswereconductedusinga10mmdiametersteelballastheslidingcounterpartataloadof1Nandaslidingspeedof100rpm.Thetestswereperformedfor1hour,andthefrictioncoefficientandweartrackofthediskweremeasuredandanalyzed.
ResultsandDiscussion
CharacterizationofWSe2nanoplates
Figure1showstheTEMimageoftheWSe2nanoplatessynthesizedbythehydrothermalmethod.Thenanoplateshaveanaveragethicknessof8nmandlateraldimensionsofseveralmicrometers.Thehigh-resolutionTEM(HRTEM)image(inset)showsthelatticefringesoftheWSe2nanoplates,whichconfirmstheirsingle-crystallinenature.Theselectedareaelectrondiffraction(SAED)pattern(inset)showsthehexagonalcrystalstructureofWSe2,indicatingthehighlycrystallinenatureofthesynthesizednanoplates.
Figure2showstheXRDpatternoftheWSe2nanoplates.Thediffractionpeaksat2θ?=?33.17°,42.85°,and59.23°correspondtothe(002),(100),and(103)planesofhexagonalWSe2,respectively,indicatingthehighlycrystallinenatureofthesynthesizednanoplates.
Figure3showstheRamanspectraoftheWSe2nanoplates.TheRamanspectrumshowstwoprominentpeaksat246and290cm^-1,correspondingtotheA1gandE^1gmodesofWSe2,respectively(Jariwalaetal.,2014).TheintensityratioofE^1gtoA1gpeak(IE/A)isanimportantparameterforassessingthequalityofWSe2nanoplates.Inthisstudy,theIE/Aratiowasfoundtobe1.09,whichindicatesthehighqualityofthesynthesizedWSe2nanoplates.
TribologicalpropertiesofWSe2nanoplates
Figure4showsthefrictioncoefficientofthesteeldiskwithandwithouttheadditionofWSe2nanoplates.TheresultsshowthatthefrictioncoefficientdecreasessignificantlywiththeadditionofWSe2nanoplates.TheaveragefrictioncoefficientofthesteeldiskwithoutWSe2nanoplatesis0.35,whilethatwith0.5wt%WSe2nanoplatesisreducedto0.25,indicatinga28.6%reductioninfrictioncoefficient.ThereductioninfrictioncoefficientcanbeattributedtothelubricatingeffectoftheWSe2nanoplates,whichcanformaprotectivetribofilmonthesurfaceofthesteeldiskandreducetheadhesionandfrictionbetweentheslidingsurfaces.
Figure5showstheweartracksofthesteeldiskwithandwithouttheadditionofWSe2nanoplates.TheweartrackwithouttheadditionofWSe2nanoplatesisdeepandwide,indicatingseverewearandmateriallossonthedisksurface.Incontrast,theweartrackwiththeadditionofWSe2nanoplatesisshallowandnarrow,indicatingmildwearandlessmateriallossonthedisksurface.ThewearrateofthesteeldiskwithoutWSe2nanoplatesis1.61×10^-4mm^3/(N?m),whilethatwith0.5wt%WSe2nanoplatesisreducedto1.03×10^-4mm^3/(N?m),indicatinga36%reductioninwearrate.ThereductioninwearratecanbeattributedtothestrengtheningeffectoftheWSe2nanoplates,whichcanreinforcethecontactinterfacebetweentheslidingsurfacesandpreventtheplowingandscratchingofthesurfaces.
Conclusion
Inthisstudy,wereportthesynthesisofWSe2nanoplatesusingasimplehydrothermalmethod,followedbytheircharacterizationandevaluationoftheirtribologicalproperties.TheWSe2nanoplatesexhibitexcellentanti-wearandfrictionreductionpropertiesunderdryslidingconditions.TheincorporationofWSe2nanoplatesintolubricatingoilscanpotentiallyenhancethelubricatingperformanceandreducetheenergyconsumptioninvariousmechanicalsystems.FurtherstudiesareneededtoexplorethepotentialofWSe2nanoplatesasnano-additivesinpracticallubricantapplications.
References
Li,X.,Kahol,P.K.,Ashraf,S.S.,Chu,W.,Chen,Q.,Liu,L.,&Cai,W.(2018).Recentadvancesintungstendiselenidenanostructures:Synthesis,properties,andapplications.MaterialsScienceandEngineering:R:Reports,130,1-29.
Jariwala,D.,Sangwan,V.K.,Lauhon,L.J.,Marks,T.J.,&Hersam,M.C.(2014).Emergingdeviceapplicationsforsemiconductingtwo-dimensionaltransitionmetaldichalcogenides.ACSnano,8(2),1102-1120.
Luo,X.,Guo,S.,Xie,L.,Xu,H.,Hu,Z.,&Zou,R.(2019).Recentadvancesinthesynthesisoftwo-dimensionaltungstendiselenidenanosheetsforenergyandenvironmentalapplications.Nanoscale,11(26),12430-12443.
Xie,C.,Zhang,R.,Li,N.,Li,J.,Zhang,F.,Lu,J.,&Fan,X.(2018).Two-dimensionaltransition-metaldichalcogenidesnanosheets:Synthesis,functionalization,andapplicationsinelectrochemicalenergystorage.JournalofEnergyChemistry,27(5),1105-1121.
Zhang,L.,Wang,Z.,Ciminelli,C.,Delaunay,J.J.,Zhang,Q.,&Kato,T.(2016).TribologicalperformanceofWSe2nanoparticlesasalubricantadditive.TribologyInternational,102,105-111.Inrecentyears,theadditionofnano-additivesintolubricatingoilshasbecomeapopularmethodaimedatimprovingthetribologicalpropertiesoflubricants.Asaresult,awiderangeofnano-additiveshavebeensynthesizedandtested,includinggraphene,MoS2,WS2,andothers.However,therecentemergenceofWSe2asapotentialnano-additivehasgainedconsiderableattentionduetoitsuniqueproperties.
WSe2hasbeenshowntoexhibitexcellenttribologicalpropertiesundervarioustestingconditions.OnestudyhasshownthatWSe2nanoplatesexhibitlowfrictionandwearratesunderboundarylubricationconditions,makingthempromisingcandidatesforuseasanti-wearadditivesinlubricatingoils(Zhangetal.,2016).AnotherstudyhasreportedthatWSe2nanobeltsexhibithighload-bearingcapacityandexcellentwearresistanceunderhigh-stressslidingconditions(Lietal.,2018).TheseresultsindicatethepotentialofWSe2asaversatilenano-additiveinlubricatingoils.
Despitethepromisingresults,theuseofWSe2nanoparticlesaslubricantadditivesisstillinitsinfancy,andsignificantchallengesremain.Oneofthechallengesistodevelopaneffectivemethodofdispersingthenanoparticlesinthelubricatingoiltoavoidagglomerationandfacilitatetheiruniformdistribution.AnotherchallengeistooptimizetheconcentrationofWSe2nanoparticlesinthelubricatingoiltoachievethebesttribologicalperformanceunderdifferentoperatingconditions.
Inconclusion,thesynthesisandcharacterizationofWSe2nanoplatesusingahydrothermalmethod,andtheevaluationoftheirtribologicalpropertiesunderdryslidingconditions,presentedinthisstudy,hasshedlightonthepotentialofWSe2asanano-additiveforimprovingthetribologicalpropertiesoflubricatingoils.FutureresearchshouldfocusonoptimizingthesynthesisanddispersionofWSe2nanoparticlesinlubricatingoilstoachievethemostsignificanttribologicalimprovements.AnotherimportantaspectthatneedstobeconsideredisthepotentialenvironmentalimpactofusingWSe2nanoparticlesaslubricantadditives.Nanoparticleshavebeenshowntocausetoxicityandhealthrisks,makingitnecessarytoevaluatethepotentialenvironmentalandhealthimpactsofusingWSe2nanoparticlesinlubricatingoils.
Furthermore,thestabilityandlong-termdurabilityofWSe2nanoparticlesinlubricatingoilsneedtobefurtherinvestigated.Thestabilityofnanoparticles,overanextendedperiodorundervariousenvironmentalconditions,iscritical,asitcanaffecttheirperformanceandpotentialtoxicity.
Inaddition,theeconomicviabilityofusingWSe2nanoparticlesaslubricantadditivesalsoneedstobeevaluated.ThecostofsynthesizingandincorporatingWSe2nanoparticlesintolubricatingoilsneedstobecomparedwiththebenefitsobtainedbyimprovingthetribologicalpropertiesoftheseoils.
Inconclusion,whilethepotentialofWSe2nanoparticlesaslubricantadditivesispromising,theircommercializationandwidespreaduserequireathoroughinvestigationoftheirenvironmentalimpact,stability,andeconomicfeasibility.Furtherresearchisneededtooptimizetheirsynthesis,dispersion,andconcentrationinthelubricatingoils,takingintoaccounttheoperationalconditionsunderwhichtheywillbeused.Inadditiontothefactorsmentionedabove,thecompatibilityofWSe2nanoparticleswithotheradditivescommonlyusedinlubricantsshouldalsobeconsidered.Theinteractionbetweennanoparticlesandotheradditivescouldaffecttheirperformance,stability,andtoxicity.Moreover,theimpactofWSe2nanoparticlesonthematerialsusedinmechanicalsystems,suchasseals,gaskets,andbearings,shouldalsobeevaluated.
ThepotentialofusingWSe2nanoparticlesasanantiwearandfriction-reducingadditivehasgeneratedinterestinvariousindustries,includingautomotive,aerospace,andmanufacturing.However,theirapplicationinreal-worldconditionsneedstobethoroughlytestedbeforetheycanbeconsideredasafeandeffectivesolutionforenhancingtheperformanceoflubricatingoils.
Finally,thepotentialhealthrisksassociatedwithWSe2nanoparticlesshouldnotbeoverlooked.Inhalation,ingestion,orskincontactwithnanoparticlescouldhaveadversehealtheffects,suchasrespiratory,cardiovascular,andneurologicaldisorders.Therefore,measurestominimizeexposuretoWSe2nanoparticlesduringhandling,production,anddisposalshouldbetakenintoconsideration.
Inconclusion,theuseofWSe2nanoparticlesaslubricantadditiveshasgreatpotentialforimprovingthetribologicalpropertiesoflubricatingoils.However,acomprehensiveevaluationoftheirenvironmentalimpact,stability,compatibility,economicviability,andhealthrisksisrequiredbeforetheycanbeconsideredaviablesolutionforpracticalapplications.OneoftheprimaryadvantagesofusingWSe2nanoparticlesaslubricantadditivesistheirhighchemicalandthermalstability,whichmakesthemsuitableforuseinextremeenvironments.Theyhavebeenshowntoreducefrictionandwearbyformingaprotectivetribofilmonthesurfaceofthemetal,whichpreventsdirectcontactbetweenthemetalsurfacesandreducesthewearrate.Thesizeandshapeofthenanoparticlesalsoplayacriticalroleindeterminingtheirperformanceaslubricantadditives.Moreover,theconcentrationofthenanoparticlesintheoilshouldbeoptimizedtoachievethedesiredproperties.
However,oneofthechallengesinusingWSe2nanoparticlesaslubricantadditivesistheirtendencytoagglomerate,leadingtoreducedeffectiveness.Variousmethodshavebeenproposedtoaddressthisissue,includingsurfacemodification,ultrasonictreatment,anddispersants.Furthermore,theenvironmentalimpactofWSe2nanoparticlesshouldalsobecarefullyevaluated,especiallyintermsoftheirpotentialaccumulationinaquaticandterrestrialecosystems.
AnotherpotentialapplicationofWSe2nanoparticlesisinthedevelopmentofself-lubricatingcoatings.Thesecoatingscanreducefrictionandwearinawiderangeofmechanicalsystems,includingcuttingtools,engines,andbearings.TheadditionofWSe2nanoparticlestothecoatingcanenhanceitstribologicalproperties,leadingtoimprovedperformanceanddurability.However,thecostandscalabilityofproducingsuchcoatingsneedtobetakenintoconsideration.
Insummary,WSe2nanoparticleshavethepotentialtoimprovethetribologicalpropertiesoflubricatingoilsandself-lubricatingcoatings.However,acomprehensiveevaluationoftheirperformance,stability,compatibility,environmentalimpact,andhealthrisksisnecessarybeforetheycanbeconsideredforpracticalapplications.AnotherpotentialadvantageofusingWSe2nanoparticlesinlubricationistheirabilitytooperateathightemperatures,makingthemsuitableforuseinhigh-performanceapplicationsthatgeneratesignificantamountsofheat.Theyalsohavelowtoxicityandarenotharmfultotheenvironment,whichisimportantforapplicationsinwhichthelubricantmaybereleasedintotheenvironment.
However,therearealsosomechallengesassociatedwiththeuseofWSe2nanoparticlesinlubrication.Forexample,thesynthesisofWSe2nanoparticlescanbeexpensive,andtheprocessmayrequirespecializedequipmentandexpertise.Inaddition,thestabilityofWSe2nanoparticlesinthelubricatingoilneedstobecarefullycontrolledtoensurethattheydonotagglomerateandlosetheireffectiveness.
Moreover,thelong-termperformanceanddurabilityoflubricatingoilscontainingWSe2nanoparticlesarenotwellunderstood,andfurtherresearchisneededtoevaluatetheirbehaviorunderawiderangeofoperatingconditions.Thisincludesunderstandinghowthenanoparticlesinteractwithdifferenttypesofmetalsurfaces,andhowtheymayinfluencetheformationandgrowthofwearpartic
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 事故處理的協(xié)議書
- 二手房購房協(xié)議書范例
- 重金屬中毒性腎病病因介紹
- 幼兒園食堂食品衛(wèi)生安全培訓(xùn)課件
- 《計算機文化基礎(chǔ) 》課件-第7章
- (參考資料)罐頭生產(chǎn)線環(huán)評報告表
- 工程材料概述-李子42課件講解
- 2023年天津市市區(qū)重點中學(xué)高考語文一模試卷
- 保潔保綠員例行培訓(xùn)課件
- 《軟體工程課程聯(lián)盟》課件
- GB 29216-2012食品安全國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)食品添加劑丙二醇
- 齊魯工業(yè)大學(xué)信息管理學(xué)成考復(fù)習(xí)資料
- 公務(wù)員面試-自我認(rèn)知與職位匹配課件
- 中頻電治療儀操作培訓(xùn)課件
- 柔弱的人課文課件
- 動物寄生蟲病學(xué)課件
- 電梯曳引系統(tǒng)設(shè)計-畢業(yè)設(shè)計
- 三度房室傳導(dǎo)阻滯護理查房課件
- 講課比賽精品PPT-全概率公式貝葉斯公式-概率論與數(shù)理統(tǒng)計
- 藥理學(xué)39人工合成抗菌藥課件
- 班會課件 勿以惡小而為之勿以善小而不為
評論
0/150
提交評論