職稱英語等級考試試題

2003年職稱英語等級考試試題-綜合A

2005102000:00來源:我要糾錯打印成藏大中外

第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第1~15題，每題1分，共15分）

下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語畫有底橫線，請從每個句子后面所

給的4個選項(xiàng)中選擇1個與畫線部分意義最相近的詞或短語。答案一律涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位

置上。

1Theunionrepresentativepulacrossherargumentveryeffectively.

AexplainedBinventedCconsideredDaccepted

2Hetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.

AheavyBstrongCkindDwild

3Itisnousedebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy.

AmakingBtakingCdiscussingDexpecting

4Ourstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing

AwasteBbuyCuseDsell

5Thefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.

AfunctionBabilityCpowerDvolume

6Ourlivesareintimatelyboundupwiththeirs.

AtenselyBnearlyCcarefullyDclosely

7Herfaithupheldherintimesofsadness

AsupportedBexcitedCinspiredDdirected

8Thebookprovidesaconciseanalysisofthecountry'shistory.

AcleanBperfectCrealDbrief

9Itislaiddownintheregulationsthatallmembersmustcarrytheirmembership

cardsatalltimes.

AsuggestedBwarnedCstatedDconfirmed

10Thecouncilmeetinglerminaledat2o'clock

AbeganBcontinuedCendedDresumed

11Aredflagwasplacedthereasatokenofdanger.

AsignBsubstituteCproofDtarget

12Howeverbadthesituationis,themajorityisunwillingtoriskchange.

AreluctantBeagerCpleasedDangry

13IthasbeensaidthattheActsprovidedanewcourseofactionanddidnot

merelyregulateorenlargeanoldone.

AlimitBcontrolCreplaceDoffset

14Thesecretaryisexpectedtoexploreideasforpost-warreconstructionof

thearea.

AdenyBinvestigateCstressDcreate

15Thesteadilyrisingcostoflaboronthewaterfronthasgreatlyincreased

thecostofshippingcargobywater.

AgraduallyBsuddenlyCexcessivelyDexceptionally

第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16~22題，每題1分，共7分）

閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷。如

果該句提供的是正確信息，請?jiān)诖痤}卡上把A涂黑；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請?jiān)诖痤}

卡上把B涂黑；如果該句的信息文章中沒有提及，請?jiān)诖痤}卡上把C涂黑

PrinciplesofGoverningPersuasion

Ifleadershipconsistsofgettingthingdonethroughothers,thenpersuasion

isoneoftheleader*sessentialtools.Manyexecutiveshaveassumedthatthistool

isbeyondtheirgrasp,availableonlytothecharismatic（有魅力的）andtheeloquent.

Overthepastseveraldecades,though,experimentalpsychologistshavelearnedwhich

methodsreliablyleadpeopletoconcede,comply,orchange.Theirresearchshows

thatpersuasionisgovernedbyseveralprinciplesthatcanbetaughtandapplied.

Thefirstprincipleisthatpeoplearemorelikelytofollowsomeonewhois

similartothemthansomeonewhoisnot.Wisemanagers,then,askpeerstohelpmake

theircases.Second,peoplearemorewillingtocooperatewiththosewhoarenot

onlylikethembutwholikethem,aswell.Soit'sworththetimetouncoverreal

similaritiesandoffergenuinepraise.

Third,experimentsconfirmtheintuitivetruththatpeopletendtotreatyou

thewayyoutreatthem.It'ssoundpolicytodoafavorbeforeseekingone.Fourth,

individualsaremorelikelytokeeppromisestheymakevoluntarilyandclearly.The

messageformanagershereistogetcommitmentsinwriting.Fifth,studiesshowthat

peoplereallydodeferto（月艮從）experts.Sobeforetheyattempttoexertinfluence,

executivesshouldtakepainstoestablishtheirownexpertiseandnotassumethat

it'sself-evident.Finally,peoplewantmoreofacommoditywhenit'sscarce;it

follows,then,thatexclusiveinformationismorepersuasivethanwidelyavailable

data.

16Experimentshaveconfirmedtheassumptionofmanyexecutives.

ArightBWrongCNotmentioned

17Peoplearemorelikelytocooperatewiththosewholikethem.

ArightBWrongCNotmentioned

18Managersdonotemploythosewhoarequitedifferentfromthem.

ArightBWrongCNotmentioned

19Thereisnoneedforamanagertofindoutthemeritsofhisemployees.

ArightBWrongCNotmentioned

20Experimentshaveshownthat,contrarytoourexpectation,peopletendtotreat

youthewayyoutreatthem.

ArightBWrongCNotmentioned

21Thereareasmanywisemanagersastherearestupidones.

ArightBWrongCNotmentioned

22Exclusiveinformationismorepersuasivethanwidelyknowndata.

ArightBWrongCNotmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子（第23~30題，每題1分，共8分）

閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項(xiàng)測試任務(wù)：

（1）第23~26題要求從所給的6個選項(xiàng)中為第2,3,5和6段每段選擇1個正確的小標(biāo)

題；

（2）第27~30題要求從所給的6個選項(xiàng)中選擇4個正確選項(xiàng)，分別完成每個句子。請

將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

KeepingCutFlowers

1Whileeverybodyenjoysfreshcutflowersaroundhishouse,fewpeopleknow

howtokeepthemforaslongaspossible.Thismaybedonebykeepinginmindafew

simplefacts.

2Animportantthingtorememberaboutcutflowersisthattheyaresensitive

totemperature.Forexample,studieshaveshownthatcutcarnations（康乃馨）retain

theirfreshnesseighttimeslongerwhenkeptat12oCthanwhenkeptat260c.Keeping

freshlyharvestedflowersattherighttemperaturesisprobablythemostimportant

aspectofflowercare.

3Flowersarenotintendedbynaturetoliveverylong.Theirbiologicalpurpose

issimplytoattractbirdsorinsects,suchasbees,forpollination（授粉）.After

that,theyquicklydryupanddie.Theprocessbywhichflowersconsumeoxygenand

producecarbondioxide（二氧化碳），calledrespiration（呼吸），generatestheenergy

theflowerneedstogivethefloweritsshapeandcolour.Themakingofseedsalso

dependsonthisenergy.Whilealllivingthingsrespire,flowershaveahighlevel

ofrespiration.Aresultofallthisrespirationisheat,andforflowersthelevel

ofheatrelativetothemassoftheflowerisveryhigh.Respirationalsobrings

abouttheeventualdeathoftheflower.Thusthegreaterthelevelofrespiration,

thesoonertheflowerdies.

4How,then,tocontroltherateatwhichflowersdie?Bycontrollingrespiration.

Howisrespirationcontrolled?Bycontrollingtemperature.Weknowthatrespiration

producesheat,butthereverseisalsotrue.Thusbymaintaininglowtemperatures,

respirationisreducedandthecutflowerwillagemoreslowly.

5Anothervitalfactorinkeepingcutflowersisthequalityofthewaterin

whichtheyareplaced.Flowersfinditdifficultto“drink“waterthatisdirty

orotherwisepolluted.Evenwhenwaterlooksandsmellsclean,italmostcertainly

containsharmfulsubstancesthatcanendangertheflowers.Toridthewaterofthese

unwantedsubstances,householdchlorinebleach（含氯漂白劑）canbeusedinsmall

quantities.Itisrecommendedthat15dropsofchlorinebleach（at4%solution）be

addedtoeachlitreofwater.Thewaterandsolutionshouldalsobereplacedeach

day.

AControlofRespirationBBeautyofFreshCutFlowers

CRoleofRespirationDMostImportantAspectofFlowerCare

ENeedforCleanWaterFWaysofStoppingRespiration

23Paragraph2___________________

24Paragraph3___________________

25Paragraph4___________________

26Paragraph5___________________

27Afewsimplefactswillhelpyoukeepcutflowers

28Respirationplaysakeyrole

29Theagingofcutflowerscanbesloweddown

30Anotherimportantwaytoprolongthelifeofcutflowersis

Abykeepingitsoriginalshapeandcolour

Binthelifeofthecutflower

Ctoproducecarbondioxide

Dforaslongaspossible

Ebycontrollingtemperature

Ftoreplacethewaterandsolutioneveryday

第4部分：閱讀理解（第3廣45題，每題3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個選項(xiàng)。請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，

從每題所給的4個選項(xiàng)中選擇個最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

第一篇"Salty"RicePlantBoostsHarvests

Britishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbe

abletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirworkmayenableabandonedfarms

tobecomeproductiveoncemore.

TimFlowersandTonyYeo,fromSussexUniversity'sSchoolofBiologicalSciences,

havespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcrops,suchasrice,couldbemadetogrow

inwaterthathasbecomesalty.

Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogramme,fundedbytheBiotechnology

andBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil,toestablishwhichgenesenablesome

plantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocrops,

startingwithrice.

Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan10mhectares（公頃）ofagricultural

landarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts（妨礙生長）plants.Theproblem

iscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropics,mangroves（紅樹林）thatcreateswamps

（沼澤）andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawaterhavebeencutdown.Inthe

Mediterranean,aseriesofdroughtshavecausedthewatertabletodrop,allowing

seawatertoseep（滲透）in.inLatinAmerica,irrigationoftencausesproblems

whenwaterisevaporated（蒸發(fā)）bytheheat,leavingsaltdepositsbehind.

Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.Heavy

concentrationsofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneed

tosurvive.

Toovercometheseproblems,FlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthat

takeinverylittleslatandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthatdonotaffect

theplants'growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanew

ricecrop,butitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresultingseedsare

readytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.

Oncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknown,FlowersandYeo

willtrytobreedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsandplants.Land

thathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagain,providingmuch

neededfoodinthepoorercountriesoftheworld.

31WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoistrue?

ATheyarestudentsatSussexUniversity.

BTheyarericebreeders.

CTheyarehusbandandwife.

DTheyarecolleaguesataninstitutionofhigherlearning.

32FlowersandYeohavestartedaprogramme

Atofindwaystopreventwaterpollution.

Btoidentifygenesthatpromotegrowthinsaltysoil.

Ctobreedriceplantsthattastesalty.

Dtofindwaystoremoveexcessivesaltfromsoil.

33WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseoftheproblemdiscussed

inthepassage?

ANaturalbarrierstoseawaterhavebeendestroyed.

Bthewatertablehasgonedownafterdroughts.

CSealevelhasbeencontinuouslyrising.

DEvaporationofwaterleavessaltbehind

34Theword“affect”inParagraph6couldbebestreplacedby

A“influence”

B“effect”

C"stop”

Dupresent

35Theattitudeoftheauthortowardstheresearchprojectis

Apositive

Bnegative.

Csuspicious

Dindifferent.

第二篇Ford'sAssemblyLine

Whenitcomestosinglingoutthosewhohavemadeadifferenceinallourlives,

youcannotoverlookHenryFord.Ahistorianacenturyfromnowmightwellconclude

thatitwasFordwhomostinfluencedallmanufacturing,everywhere,eventothis

day,byintroducinganewwaytomakecars-one,strangetosay,thatoriginated

inslaughterhouses（屠宰場）。

Backintheearly1900，s,slaughterhousesusedwhatcouldhavebeencalled

audisassemblyline"。Fordreversedthisprocesstoseeifitwouldspeedup

productionofapartofanautomobileenginecalledamagneto.Ratherthanhaveeach

workercompletelyassembleamagneto,oneofitselementswasplacedonaconveyer,

andeachworker,asitpassed,addedanothercomponenttoit,thesameoneeach

time.ProfessorDavidHounshelloftheUniversityofDelaware,anexperton

industrialdevelopment,tellswhathappened.

“Thepreviousday,workerscarryingouttheentireprocesshadaveragedone

assemblyevery20minutes.Butonthatday,ontheline,theassembleteamaveraged

oneevery13minutesand10secondsperperson.”

Withinayear,thetimehadbeenreducedtofiveminutes.In1913,Fordwent

alltheway.Hookedtogetherbyropes,partiallyassembledvehiclesweretowed

（拖，拉）pastworkerswhocompletedthemonepieceatatime.Ithasntlongbefore

Fordwasturningoutseveralhundredthousandcarsayear,aremarkableachievement

then.Andsoefficientandeconomicalwasthisnewsystemthathecutthepriceof

hiscarsinhalf,to$260,puttingthemwithinreachofallthosewho,upuntil

thattime,couldnotaffordthem.Soon,automakerstheworldovercopiedhim.

Infact,heencouragedthemtodosobywritingabookaboutallofhisinnovations,

entitledTodayandTomorrow.TheAgeoftheAutomobilehasarrived.Today,aided

byrobotsandotherformsofautomation（自動化），everythingfromtoastersto

perfumesismadeonassemblylines.

36WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutHenryFordisNOTtrue?

AHeintroducedanewwayofproduction.

BHeinfluencedallmanufacturing.

CHeinspiredotherautomakers.

DHechangedahistorian'smind.

37Thewritermentions,,slaughterhousesbecausetheyweretheplaceswhere

AFord,sassemblylineoriginated

BFordmadehisfirstcar.

CFordreadjustedtheassemblyline.

DFordinnovatedthedisassemblyline.

38Amagnetoisatechnicaltermfor

Aanautomobile.

Baproductionline

Capartofanautomobileengine.

Dadisassemblyline

39thephrase“turningout“inthelastparagraphcouldbebestreplacedby

A“producing”

B"selling,,

C“buying”

D“fixing”

40TheinventionoftheassemblylineenabledHenryFord

Atocreatemorejobsfortheunemployed

Btowriteabookonhistory

Ctoreducethepriceofhiscarsto$260

Dtocuttheproductionofhiscarsby50%

第三篇Play

Playistheprincipalbusinessofchildhood,andinrecentyearsresearchhas

shownthegreatimportanceofplayinthedevelopmentofahumanbeing.Fromearliest

infancy,everychildneedsopportunityandtherightmaterialsforplay,andthe

maintoolsofplayaretoys.Theirmainfunctionistosuggest,encourageandassist

play.Tosucceedinthistheymustbegoodtoys,whichchildrenwillplaywithoften,

andwillcomebacktoagainandagain.Thereforeitisimportanttochoosesuitable

toysfordifferentstagesofachild,sdevelopment.

Inrecentyearsresearchoninfantdevelopmenthasshownthatthestandarda

childislikelytoreach,withintherangeofhisinheritedabilities,islargely

determinedinthefirstthreeyearsofhislife.Soababy'sabilitytoprofitfrom

therightplaymaterialsshouldnotbeunderestimated.Ababywhoisencouragedand

stimulated,talkedtoandshownthingsandplayedwith,hasthebestchanceofgrowing

upsuccessfully.

Inthenextstage,fromthreetofiveyearsold,curiosityknowsnobounds.Every

typeofsuitabletoyshouldbemadeavailabletothechild,fortryingout,

experimentingandlearning,fordiscoveringhisownparticularability.Bricksand

jigsaws（七巧板）andconstructiontoys;painting,scribbling（涂鴉）andmakingthings;

sandandwaterplay;toysforimaginativeandpretendingplay;thefirstsocialgames

forlearningtoplayandgetonwithothers.

Btthethirdstageofplaydevelopment-fromfivetosevenoreightyears-the

childisatschool.Butforafewmoreyearsplayisstillthebestwayoflearning,

athomeoratschool.Itiseasiertoseewhichtypeoftoysthechillsmostenjoys.

Untiltheageofsevenoreight,playandworkmeanmuchthesametoachild.

Butoncereadinghasbeenmastered,thenbooksandschoolbecomethemainsource

oflearning.Toysarestillinterestingandvaluable,theyleadontonewhobbies,

buttheirsignificancehaschanged-toachildofniceortenyears,toysandgames

mean,astoadults,relaxationandfun.

41Thepassagetellsusthatasachildgrowsup

Aheshouldbeallowedtochoosehisowntoys.

Bheshouldbegivenidenticaltoys.

Cheshouldbegivendifferenttoys.

Dheshouldbegivenfewerandfewertoys.

42Accordingtothepassage,theabilitiesachildhasinheritedfromhisparents

Adeterminehischaracter

Bwillnotchangeaftertheageofthree.

Cpartlydeterminethestandardheislikelytoreach.

Dtoalargeextentdeterminethechoiceoftoys.

43Whohavethebestchanceofgrowingupsuccessfully?

AThosewhotendtoovereat

BThosewhoaregivenalotoftoys.

CThosewhoaregiventoys,talkedtoandplayedwith.

DThosewhocansharetheirtoyswiththeirplaymates.

44Welearnfromthepassagethatachildhasboundlesscuriosity

Awhenheistwo

Bwhenheisaroundfour.

CwhenheISSIX.

Dwhenheiseight.

45Thepassageismainlyabout

Atheimportanceofpre-schooleducation

Btheimportanceofschooling.

Ctheroleofplayinachild*sdevelopment

Dthechoiceoftoysforadolescents.

第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文(第46~50題，每題2分，共10分)

閱讀下面的短文，文章中有5處空白，文章后面有6組文字，請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇5

組文字，將其分別放回文章原來位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

ScienceandTechnology

Thereisadifferencebetweenscienceandtechnology.(46).Sciencehas

todowithdiscoveringthefactsandrelationshipsbetweenobservablephenomenain

natureandwithestablishingtheoriesthatservetoorganizethesefactsand

relationships;technologyhastodowithtools,techniques,andproceduresfor

applyingthefindingsofscience.(47)

Progressinscienceexcludesthehumanfactor.Scientists,whoseekto

understandtheuniverseandknowthetruthwithinthehighestdegreeofaccuracy

andcertainty,cannotpayattentiontotheirownorotherpeopleJslikesordislikes

ortopopularideasaboutthefitnessofthings.(48).Butevenanunpleasant

truthismorethanlikelytobeuseful;besideswehavethechoiceofrefusingto

believeit!Buthardlysowithtechnology;wedonothavethechoiceofrefusing

tohearthesoundproducedbyasupersonic(超音速的)aircraftflyingoverhead;we

cannotrefusetobreathepollutedair.(49)Thepurposeoftechnologyisto

servepeople-peopleingeneral,notmerelysomepeople;andfuturegenerations,not

merelythosewhopresentlywishtogainadvantageforthemselves.

(50)Manypeopleblametechnologyitselfforwidespreadpollution,

resourcedepletion(枯竭)andevensocialdecayingeneral-somuchsothatthepromise

oftechnologyis“obscuredThatpromiseisacleanerandhealthierworld.If

wiseapplicationsofscienceandtechnologydonotleadtoabetterworld,whatelse

will?

AAnotherdistinctionbetweenscienceandtechnologyhastodowiththeprogress

ineach.

BUnlikescience,progressintechnologymustbemeasuredintermsofthehuman

factor.

CWhatscientistsdiscovermayshockorangerpeople—asdidDarwin*stheory

ofevolution.

DScienceandtechnologyaredifferent.

EWeareallfamiliarwiththeimproperuseoftechnology.

FScienceisamethodofansweringtheoreticalquestions;technologyisamethod

ofsolvingpracticalproblems.

第6部分：完形填空(第51飛5題，每題1分，共15分)

閱讀下面的短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出了4個選項(xiàng)同，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容

從4個選項(xiàng)中選擇1個最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上

CostasaFactorinSupply

Inapurelycompetitivemarket,thesupplierofgoodsandserviceshasnocontrol

overthemarketprice,becauseheproducestoolittletoinfluencemarketconditions.

Withnodifferencebetweenhisproductsandtheproducts(51)hiscompetitors,

hewillsellnothingifhechargesabovethemarketpriceandhewillsellallif

hechargesator(52)themarketprice.However,inconsideringtheprice,

hemusttakethe(53)ofproductionintoconsideration.Therearetimes

whenhemaybewillingtosellbelowhiscost.Thismighthappenwhenpricestumble

for(54)hebelieveswillbeashorttime.Howeve