江蘇省南京市2021屆高三英語(yǔ)三?？荚囋囶}含解析

精品資料江省京屆高三語(yǔ)模試題含析第部英語(yǔ)識(shí)用共節(jié)滿35分）第節(jié)單填（15小題每分，分15分）認(rèn)閱下各，題所給A,B,C,D四選中選最選，在題紙將項(xiàng)黑1.Weliveinthissocietynow________literallysomeoneisalwayshelping.A.whenC.that

B.whereD.what【答案】【解析】【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句連接詞。句意：我們現(xiàn)在生活在這樣一個(gè)確實(shí)有人一直在幫助我們的社會(huì)里。本句為定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞society且先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用where相于inwhich。故選B2.Themapletreesturnabrilliantredinautumn,addinganothertotheintheharvestseason.A.themeC.category

B.versionD.dimension【答案】【解析】【詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：楓葉在秋天變成了鮮紅的顏色，為豐收的季節(jié)增添了另一抹色彩theme主version版category種類dimension維采dimension此處理解為“色彩；風(fēng)采”，故選。3.Patrickwaited________alltheluggagewasbuthisneverappeared.A.untilC.when

B.beforeD.while【答案】【解析】【詳解】考查狀語(yǔ)從句連接詞。句意：他一直等到所有的行李都清理完畢，但是他的行李遲

精品資料遲未出現(xiàn)。until直才B.before在…之前C.when當(dāng)…時(shí)候；while當(dāng)…時(shí)候。根據(jù)句意，表示“直到……才”應(yīng)用until/till，選A。4.—Look!iscrazilyforsomethingagain!—_____,shecan’tfindkeys.A.Typically

B.OccasionallyC.AccordinglyD.Particularly【答案】【解析】【詳解】考查副詞辨析。句意：——看!瑪麗在瘋狂地找東西了!——一向如此，她找不到鑰匙了A.Typically典B.Occasionally爾C.Accordingly因此D.Particularly特別是。這里typically相當(dāng)inawaythataorgroupisgenerallybelievedto“向如此”，故選A。的5.Cambridgegaveaanswerinquiriesonwhetheritrecognizesgaokaoscores.A.infavorofC.insaluteto

B.inresponsetoD.inconsequenceof【答案】【解析】【詳解】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：在回答是否承認(rèn)高考分?jǐn)?shù)的問題時(shí)，劍橋給出了積極的回答favorof支inresponseto回應(yīng)into致inconsequenceof由……的緣故。表示“回應(yīng)inresponseto，故選B。6.Wildanimalsinnaturereservesneedtotheirsurvivalskillsandtheirwildnature.A.displayC.maintain【答案】【解析】

B.possessD.monitor

精品資料【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：自然保護(hù)區(qū)的野生動(dòng)物需要發(fā)展他們的生存技能，保持他們的野生本性A.display表B.possess擁有；C.maintain保；monitor監(jiān)控。根據(jù)句意故應(yīng)選maintain，表示保持”。選C7.IneverwonderedbeforewhetherornothewasWithglance,IquicklythatheprobablywasnA.agreedC.explained

B.reportedD.decided【答案】【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我從沒有問過他是不是招孩子喜歡，但是乍一眼看到他，我覺得他并不是招孩子喜歡的那種類型A.agreed同B.reported報(bào)；explained解釋；decided決定明確。表示做出了這個(gè)判斷用，選D。8.Thesameboilingwatersoftensthepotatoandhardenstheegg.Itabout________you’remadeof,notthecircumstances.A.thatC.how

B.whatD.who【答案】【解析】【詳解】考查名詞性從句連接詞。句意：同樣的沸水使土豆變軟，使雞蛋變硬。重要的是你是由什么構(gòu)成的，而不是環(huán)境。本句位于介詞about后，是賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，指代事物，用what，選B。9.—Excuseme,doyoumindifIthewindow?—Well,ifyou__________.Icanputonmoreclothes.A.canC.must【答案】【解析】

B.mayD.shall

精品資料【詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：-不好意思，我把窗戶打開你介意嗎?-好，如果你必須這么做的話。我可以多穿點(diǎn)衣服A.能B.may可能C.must一定；必須；D.shall會(huì)；將。表偏要，必須做的事情，故選C10.Withthenumberofhomecomingoverseasstudents________upinyears,theattractionofforeigndegreehasgraduallyfaded.A.shotC.shooting

B.beingshotD.toshoot【答案】【解析】【詳解】考查固定用法。句意：近年來，由于歸國(guó)留學(xué)生人數(shù)的激增，外國(guó)學(xué)位持有者的吸引力逐漸減弱。本句為with的合結(jié)構(gòu)shoot與overseasstudents構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)，故選。11.---Haveyouheardtheyareworkingaroundtheclocktocompeteprize?---Donworry.Wearereadytothechallenge.A.buildupC.stickto

B.takeupD.leadto【答案】【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意你聽說了他們晝夜不停地為爭(zhēng)奪獎(jiǎng)品而工作-不要擔(dān)心。我們準(zhǔn)備迎接挑戰(zhàn)了。A.buildup增進(jìn)；加強(qiáng)B.up開從事；C.stickto堅(jiān)持；to導(dǎo)。短語(yǔ)takeupthechallenge迎接挑戰(zhàn)”，故選B。12.---Isthereanychanceofbeingpromoted?---Ifyouapromotion,you’dbetterrathergetyourway.A.playthegameC.raisethe【答案】【解析】

B.crossyourfingersD.killthefattedcalf

精品資料【詳解】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：-我有升職的機(jī)會(huì)嗎-如果你想升職，你最好循規(guī)蹈矩，不要為所欲為playthegame章辦事規(guī)矩crossyourfingers祈好運(yùn)C.raisetheredflag警告；the設(shè)宴歡迎。根據(jù)句意，故選A。13.—Howcouldtheymisunderstandthat?—Justkeepsilent!Itthebestwayletthemknowtheyyouwrong.A.doC.aredoing

B.didD.haddone【答案】【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意-們?cè)趺茨苣菢诱`解我?保持默這讓他們知道他們做錯(cuò)了你的最好方式。根據(jù)howcould可知件事情發(fā)生在過去，所以用didyouwrong來表示過去他們錯(cuò)怪了你。故選B14.Ourteamisworld-classanditwasnosurprisethatwebysuchamargin.A.lowC.wide

B.highD.narrow【答案】【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：我們的球隊(duì)是世界級(jí)的，我們以如此大的優(yōu)勢(shì)獲勝并不令人驚訝。low低；high高的C.wide的；D.narrow窄。短語(yǔ)wide表示差距很大，故選C。15.---I’lltheblueone.Thisistwentydollars.---’sthechange..A.BestwishesC.Haveaniceday

B.MypleasureD.Let’scallitaday【答案】【解析】【詳解】考查習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。句意:-要藍(lán)色這個(gè)。給你20美-這是零錢。祝您生活愉快。

A.Bestwishes

精品資料最美好的祝愿；B.My很幸C.aday過得愉快；D.Let’scallita收。haveaniceday是售貨員與顧客告別的告別語(yǔ)。D.let'scallita是帶頭人對(duì)下屬，我們今天到此結(jié)束。故選C。第節(jié)完填What'sallthistree--plantingfor?"wasaskedwhenIbeganwritingabout___16___apieceoflandIhadboughtinSomerset.Thetruthis,Ijustlovetrees.AndIamnot___17___AsIgetolder,allIreally___18___istoplanttrees,PrinceCharlessaysinaBBCdocumentaryinwhichheis___19___inthewoodheplantedonthedayPrinceGeorgewasborn.Thereare___20___andwonderfultreesinourcitiesandvillages.Theywereplanted,orself-sown,years,evencenturiesago.Wetakeforgranted,___21___thecreatureslivingamonginignoranceofthetreesaredoingus(cleaningtheair,forinstance)andcutthemdownfornew___23___.Yetwekeepaof___24___forthem.Thismayaccountforthe___25___thegovernmentfacedin2010whensoughttooffpubliclyownedwoods,forthesupportthattheWoodlandTrusttree-protecting___26___.Treesneed___27___,whichiswhyI,acity-resident,mySomersetwoodlandin1999.Atthattime,changewasalreadywellproved,___28___myhopesofplantinglong-livedoakspinesgraduallydevelopedintoanxietyabouttheir___29___.TreediseasesnewtoUK,wind,droughtandfloodwereall___30___againstthem.ButIdidnot___31___thingstomovesofast.Thewoodlandisstillgood,thenewtreesaregrowinglikemad,butthecreatures___32___.Therabbitshavedisappearedandtheowlhasmoved.Thebeesandbutterfliesare___33___therebutinnumbers.Howcanthishappenonland___34___pesticides(殺蟲劑)？Surely,itindicatesweneedtogivenaturethechancetorestoreitsown___35___.Meanwhile,Ilovemywood,andsodomanyofvisitors.Andtree-plantingwondersforrestoringmybalancetowncountry.16.A.replacingB.restoringC.recyclingD.

精品資料returning17.A.rich18.A.applyfor19.A.filmed

B.weakB.waitforB.tracked

C.aloneC.makeforC.reflected

D.socialD.longforD.discovered20.A.holymysterious

B.youngC.matureD.21.A.raise22.A.honor23.A.use24.A.trust

B.watchB.goodB.spiritB.sadness

C.ignoreC.creditC.lifeC.betrayal

D.abuseD.justiceD.hopeD.affection25.A.approval26.A.wins

B.oppositionB.rejects

C.optionC.requires

D.dilemmaD.withdraws27.A.spacenutrition

B.timeC.companyD.28.A.since29.A.benefits

B.forB.chances

C.yetC.location

D.soD.appearance30.A.pilingup31.A.wish32.A.inplace

B.speedingupB.intendB.inorder

C.keepingupC.allowC.indecline

D.mixingupD.expectD.inquestion33.A.even34.A.shortof35.A.glory

B.stillB.sickofB.function

C.everC.freeofC.impact

D.onceD.fullofD.balance【答案】16.B17.C18.D19.A20.C21.22.B23.A24.D25.B26.A27.A28.D29.30.31.D32.C33.B34.C35.D

精品資料【解析】這是一篇議論文。作者寫樹木給人帶來的好處，和自己買下一塊薩默塞特林地種樹，種樹的目的就是維持人與自然的平衡?！?6題解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我寫我在恢復(fù)薩默塞特購(gòu)買的那片土地時(shí)，我被問道：種這些樹是為了什么？A.replacing替代restoring復(fù)recycling回收用returning歸還。根據(jù)最后一句Andtree-plantinghasdonewondersrestoringmybalancetownandcountry，得知作者種樹是了恢復(fù)土地，故選?！?7題解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：不是只有我一個(gè)人有這種想法A.富的B.weak虛的；alone獨(dú)自；D.social社會(huì)的?？崭窈笠昧薖rince的—“我開始變老我想的就是種樹”可他作者有相同的觀點(diǎn)，因而作者說自己notalone。選C?！?8題解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析意著齡增長(zhǎng)唯渴望的就是種樹applyfor申waitfor等待C.make有于D.long渴望。作者唯一渴望的就是種樹，故選D?！?9題解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意PrinceCharles在參演的BBC錄片里面說到“我開始變老。我所想的就是種樹”filmed拍B.tracked蹤C(jī).reflected反射D.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)documentary(紀(jì)錄)可知選filmed故選A【20題解】考查形容詞詞義辨析成熟美麗的大樹holy神圣的young年輕的成熟的；mysterious神的空格后面一句寫到這些樹被種或者自己成長(zhǎng)在幾年以前或者是幾個(gè)世紀(jì)前，因而推測(cè)出我們村莊的這些樹是成熟(mature)，選C?！?1題解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們認(rèn)為這些樹是理所當(dāng)然的，忽視了生活在其中的其他生物，忽視了樹給我們帶來的凈化空氣等等的好處砍下樹木另作他用A.raise上升；B.watch看；C.ignore忽；abuse濫用空格后有Ignorance,所以這里選擇Ignore。故選C。【22題解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：忽視了樹給我們帶來的凈化空氣等等的好處砍下樹木另作他用。A.榮B.good好處C.credit信D.justice義空后有cleantheair(凈

精品資料化空氣等處所選擇good揚(yáng)樹木。故選?！?3題解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：忽視了生活在其中的其他生物，忽視了樹給我們帶來的凈化空氣等等的好處砍下樹木另作他用A.use途；spirit精；C.生；hope希。人們忽視樹木的好處，為了新的用途而砍樹，故選A【24題解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們對(duì)樹木有喜愛之情。A.trust信；B.sadness悲傷C.背；affection喜。根據(jù)上文表示轉(zhuǎn)折，上文寫我們忽視了樹木給我們帶來的好處，砍伐他們，然而我們內(nèi)心對(duì)樹木還是有喜愛之情的。故選D?！?5題解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這可以解釋政府在2010年試圖賣掉公有樹木時(shí)遭遇了反對(duì)，因?yàn)楂@得了廣泛的支持approval支B.反C.選擇；dilemma困境。WoodlandTrust(樹木保組織)獲勝。上文是公眾喜愛樹木,所以該是反對(duì)政府賣樹的。故選B?！?6題解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：樹木保護(hù)組織贏了A.wins贏；B.rejects拒絕；C.requires要求；withdraws撤退。因?yàn)榈昧藈idesupport所以WoodlandTrust(樹木保護(hù)組織)贏了。故選A。【27題解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：樹木生長(zhǎng)需要空間space空B.time

時(shí)間C.company公司；nutrition營(yíng)養(yǎng)。,我1999年買下薩默塞特林地的原因是樹木需要空間。故選A。【28題解】考查連接詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)時(shí)，氣候變化已經(jīng)得到了很好的證明，所以我種植長(zhǎng)壽橡樹和松樹的希望逐漸變成了焦慮。A.since從；for因；yet但是；so因。前后是因果關(guān)系。故選D?！?9題解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)時(shí)，氣候變化已經(jīng)得到了很好的證明，所以我種植長(zhǎng)壽橡樹和松樹的希望逐漸變成了焦慮benefits益；B.chances機(jī)；location位置D.appearance外表氣候變化已證,所以我對(duì)樹木是否有生長(zhǎng)機(jī)會(huì)的憂慮。故選B?！?0題解】

精品資料考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析句狂干旱洪水共同抵抗他們pilingup堆B.speedingup加；C.keepingup

保持；mixingup混。這里講到影響樹木生長(zhǎng)的阻礙。故選A?！?1題解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但是我沒預(yù)料到事態(tài)發(fā)展的如此之快A.wish祈；intend打算；allow允；D.expect期；預(yù)料。因?yàn)榱值啬壳昂芎?，但新樹苗在瘋長(zhǎng)。故選。【32題解】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：生物的數(shù)量在減少A.inplace適當(dāng)；inorder整；indecline下inquestion考慮中的提到樹木在瘋長(zhǎng)轉(zhuǎn)可知creatures的數(shù)量應(yīng)該在減(indecline)。故選。【33題解】考查副詞辨析。句意：螞蟻和蝴蝶仍然有，但是數(shù)量減少了A.甚；B.still仍；C.ever曾；D.一。根據(jù)減少得知前面是雖然still存在故選B?！?4題解】考查形容詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：我們?nèi)绾巫屵@片土地上的生物擺脫殺蟲劑呢？shortof缺乏；of厭惡C.freeof擺D.of滿。殺蟲劑阻礙生物生長(zhǎng)，要擺脫它們。故選C?！?5題解】考查名詞詞義辨析句我要給自然機(jī)會(huì)去維持自身的均衡glory榮function功能；impact影；balance平。我們要給自然機(jī)會(huì)去維持自身的均,和最后一句restoremybalance呼。故選D第部閱讀解共15；小2分，分30分）請(qǐng)真讀面文從文各所的A、B、D四個(gè)項(xiàng)中選最選，在答紙講題黑

.WelcometoFraserIslandYouradventureunfoldsOncedepartingBeachwestartfromInskipPointbyvehicleferry.Watchoutdolphins.Northwardbound—travelby4WD(4wheeldrive)alongthegoldenhighwayof75MileBeachSwimatcrystalclearfreshwaterLAKEMCKENZIE—famousforitsturquoisecolorsandwhitesands.Delicious“Aussiestyle”sizzlingbushBBQwithicycolddrinks.Primitiverainforest—luxuriantcanopyofpalmsandvines.EliCreek—timeforalazydip.ShipwreckoftheSSMaheno-builtinScotland1904-apermanenttotheNorthernBeachsince1935.IntriguingColoredSandsformations—partofthisWorld’slargestsandisland.※Rememberthisisa4WDsafariandmaynotbesuitableiforifyouhaveabadback.※Dresscomfortably—it’snotfashionparade!Bringyourswimmers

精品資料ComplimentarycolddrinksPrimeRibFilletSteakORlocalawardwinning100%beefsausagesandonionsORFish—delicatewhitefilletswithlemon,ORVegetarian.Burger—specialblendseasonalvegetables.GENERALCONDITIONS:Toursmayduetotidalorweatherconditions.Asweareasmallcompanyandprepareourownfood,cancellationfeeshavetoapply.NOTRECOMMENDEDFORYOUNGCHILDREN.CodfordPty.Ltd.TradingasFraserIslandNatureToursABN80010870729

精品資料andcamera.36.WhichofthefollowingismentionedaboutFraserIsland?A.Considerablesizeandcheapsouvenirs.B.Authenticfoodimpressivefood.C.Targetvisitorsandmodernarchitecture.D.Convenienttransportationandlonghistory.37.Accordingtotheleaflet,visitorsshouldA.dresstheirfashionableclothesC.payextramoneyforcancellation【答案】36.B37.C

B.provideahealthcertificateD.followthefixedtripplans

精品資料【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了Fraser島特色飲食和旅游事項(xiàng)?！?6題解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Delicious“Aussiestyle”BBQwithcolddrinks.Primitiverainforest—luxuriantcanopyofpalmsand可FraserIsland有正宗的、令人印象深刻的食物。故選。【37題解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)全文最后一句Asweareasmallandprepareourownfood,cancellationfeeshaveapply.可取消是要額外付費(fèi)的，故選。BLikealotofhealth-careprofessionals,Dr.BrianGoldmanfindsitextremelydifficulttodrawboundariesbetweenhisworkandpersonallives.“There’sthisviewthatyoushouldsuckitupdoonemorething,saystheERphysicianandhostofCBC’sCoat,BlackArt.Goldmanexpense.

Butthat“onemorething”oftencomesat“Youexhaustedandapatientortheirfamilylookatyouwithbeggingeyes,”hesays.“Sohavethisdilemma:thatyourshiftisovergiveuntil’retotallyspent?”Goldman’sworkcombinedwithfamilytensionafterhismotherwasdiagnosedwith20yearsago.Caringforheroveradecadewasdifficult,aswasdealingwithhisfather’sgrief.“Whenelseisyouhavetograbalifepreserverandsaveyourself,Goldman.Settingboundariesisn’tjustimportantforbusyprofessionals;everyonecanbenefitfrommanagingsituationsthatcauseunduestresspain.Herearesometips.First,“Ifsomeone’sbehaviormakesyouanditcouldbefromthewaytheyspeaktoyoutorepeatedlysticktotheirpromise---thenthere’sroomtosetlimits,”PatrickKeelan,aCalgarypsychologist.Weoftenavoidsettinglimitsbecauseweprioritizethehappinessandcomfortofothersoverours.Inordertocontrolhisimpulse,Goldmansuggeststhedevelopmentofboundariesasofself-kindness.Whenfacinganoverwhelming

精品資料situationliketheonehewasinwithhisfather,Goldmansuggestsreflectingonwhatismakingyoufeeluncomfortable,orunappreciated.“Youcan’trelatetoothersorbekindtoothersif’tkindtoyourself,”hesays.Second,onceyou’veofneeds,settingandmaintainingboundariesrequiresclearverbalcommunication.Therearethreeobstaclestoenforcingboundariesarelationship:fear,guiltandself-doubt,sayspsychologistNicoleMaCance.Weoftenfearifwesetlimits,theotherpersonwillrejectus,orwefeelbadclaimingourneeds.KeelanproposessettinggroundrulesbeforerelationshipsbecomeStartbycooperativelylistingvalues---likerespect,support,and---andthenbuildingtheguidelinesfromtheseIfyou’restrugglingtoreachaconsensus,Keelanrecommendsengagingathirdparty,suchasatherapist,tohelp.Now,ifyouwantaboundarystickto,can’tenablesomeoneinbreakingit.Assuch,itcrucialtoconsequencesfortransgressions(越軌).Otherwise,McMancesays,“you’repermissiontoviolatethatboundary.”Ifthey’trespectboundaries,havetodosomesoul-searchingaboutthevalueoftherelationship.“Whenyoufeelmoreyoufeelgoodthispersonpresence,andwhenrelationshipisimpactingyourandhappiness,it’stimetoreassess,”saysMcCance.Sayingnoishard,butshesuggestsframingitasyeshealthierrelationships.“We’reallbettermothersandpartnersandbrotherswhenwehaveboundaries.38.WhatdoweaboutGoldman?A.Heisinneedofsupportinhiswork.B.Heiscaughtbetweenhisworkandlife.C.Heslidesintothestateofdesperation.D.Healwaysputshisfamilyatthefirstplace.39.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thisimpulse”referto?A.prioritizingothers’happinessC.failingtosticktotheirpromiseboundaries

B.avoidingsettingD.framingthedevelopmentof

40.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Docommunicate.C.Identifyyourlimits.

精品資料B.Donotcross.D.Saynoandmeanit.【答案】38.B39.A40.B【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章提到設(shè)定界限對(duì)忙碌的職場(chǎng)人士很重要。同時(shí)作者給出兩點(diǎn)保持界限的建議：第一是設(shè)限，第二是清晰的口頭溝通。作者認(rèn)為當(dāng)我們有界限的時(shí)候，我們都是更好的母親、更好的伴侶、更好的兄弟?！?8題解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Goldmanfindsitextremelydifficulttodrawboundariesbetweenhisworkandpersonallives可知Goldman發(fā)他很難在他的工作和個(gè)人生活之間劃清界限。因此答案選擇B?！?9題解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線部分含義為“這種沖動(dòng)”，那么這種沖動(dòng)是什么要根據(jù)前一句提到的是weprioritizehappinessandcomfortof可知是指“我們把他人的快樂和舒適放在首位”，故選。【40題解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一句’reallbettermothersandpartnersandbrotherswhenwehaveboundaries.可知作者認(rèn)為我們有界限的時(shí)候，我們都是更好的母親、更好的伴侶、更好的兄弟。且結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容為一致講到界限邊界，提醒人們?cè)谔幚砣撕腿酥g關(guān)系的時(shí)候不要越界。因此選擇B最符合。CBabieshaveanastonishingtalentthatadultsentirelylose.Bytheageofone,theycanrecognisethesignificantnoisesthemandgroupthemintoalanguage.Whenwehavelostthiscapacityasadults,becomesenormouslydifficulttodistinguishbetweenareglaringlydifferenttoanativespeaker.ItallsoundsGreektous.Thisisbecausetherangeofpossiblesoundsthathumansusetoconveymeaningmaybeashighas2,000,butlanguagesusemorethan100andeventhenthesignificant－thephonemes音)ofalanguage－eachcoverarange

,,精品資料,,ofandsovaguedistinctionswhichwouldchangethemeaningofawordinotherlanguages.Butwheredothesephonemescomefromandwhydotheyshiftovertime?Newresearchsuggeststhattheapparentlyarbitrarydistributionofsomesoundsaroundworldmaybepartiallyexplainedbydiet.Thisisunexpected.We’dratherthinkoflanguageasproductofourthought,ratherthanofthearrangementofourteeth.Inreality,though,anygivenlanguagemustbeboth.Huntergathererlanguagesveryseldomusethesoundsknownaslabiodentals齒音)－thosesuchasfandarebytouchingthelowerlipwiththeupperteeth.OnlytwoofthehundredsofAustralianaboriginallanguagesusethemforexample.Butindiscoveredfarming,theseconsonants)aremuchmorecommon.Theargumentgoesthatfarmerseatmoreandmoredairythangatherers.Eitherway,theytochewmushless,tobitelesswiththeirfrontSofarmersgrewupwithsmallerlowerjawsandmoreofanoverbitethantheirancestorswhohadtobitethroughharderfoods.Itbecameeasierforthemtomakethelabiodentalconsonantsinsteadofpurelylabial(唇音)ones:oneexampleisthatfcometotakeplaceofp.Romanssaid“pater”butEnglishspeakers(unlessthey’reRees－Moggs)say“father”.Beyondtheseparticularchangesthestoryhighlightsthewayinwhicheverythingdistinctivelyhumanisbothmaterialandspiritual:speechmustcombinesoundandmeaning,andthemeaningcan’texistorbetransmittedwithoutarealobject.Butneithercanitbereducedthephysical,asourinabilitytounderstandoreventorecogniseforeignlanguagesmakesclear.foodweeatshapesjaws,andourjawsinturnshapetheofourlanguage.Theeasewhichweeatprobablyourthoughttoo,asanyonewhohassufferedtoothachecouldtestify.Whatweeatmayhaveshapedtheourlanguage,butwechangeshowwefeelandwhatweuselanguageexpress.familymealisverydifferentfromasandwichatofficedesk,evenifcalorieisthesame.FoodhaspurposesandmeaningsfarbeyondkeepingusaliveandpleasingthePalate味覺.

精品資料41.Comparedwithadults,babiescouldmore.A.createsignificantnoisesC.understandtheGreeklanguage

B.classifytheformsofD.distinguishmeaningfulsounds42.Accordingtothepassage,whichoffollowingfactorshelpshapelanguage?A.Lipsandteeth.C.Ageandregions.

B.Jobsandhabits.D.Foodandthinking.43.Thereasonforfarmers'makingsoundsof“f”“vis.A.enjoyingmorecookedfoodsC.constantlyharderfoods

B.bitingmorefrontteethD.growingupwithlagerlowerjaws44.Bywritingthispassage,theintendstoreveal.A.jawshelpshapeourB.fooddeterminesourthoughtC.diethassomeinfluenceonlanguageD.languageconsistsofsoundandmeaning【答案】41.D42.D43.A44.【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要敘述了人們一直以來認(rèn)為語(yǔ)言是思想的產(chǎn)物，但是有新的研究表明飲食對(duì)于語(yǔ)言也會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些影響。且以f和v的音為例，揭示了農(nóng)民們發(fā)“f”和“v”音的原因是他們喜歡吃更多的熟食。同時(shí)這也強(qiáng)調(diào)了人類特有的一切都是物質(zhì)和精神的結(jié)語(yǔ)言必須把聲音和意義結(jié)合起來，沒有真實(shí)的物體，意義就不可能存在或傳播。41題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Bytheageofone,theyrecognizethesignificantnoisesaroundthemandgroupthemalanguage.可知一歲的嬰兒和成人相比更能識(shí)別出周圍的重要聲音，故選D?！?2題解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段第二句Newresearchsuggeststhattheapparentlyarbitrarydistributionofsomesoundsaroundtheworldmaybepartiallyexplainedbydiet.可知某些聲音在世界范圍內(nèi)的任意分布，部分可以用飲食來解釋。本段提到和diet是有關(guān)系的也就是food食；另外也和思考有關(guān)theproductof本最后說到和兩者都有關(guān)系。因此答案選擇D。

精品資料【43題解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Theargumentfamerseatmorecookedandmoredairythanhuntergatherers.可知農(nóng)民比狩獵采集者吃更多的熟食和奶制品，即農(nóng)民們發(fā)“f”和“v”音的原因是他們喜吃更多的熟食。故選A【44題解】主旨大意題據(jù)二段We’dthinkofasproductofourthought,ratherthanofthearrangementofourteeth.Inreality,anygivenlanguagemustbeboth.可知任何一種語(yǔ)言的誕都必須同時(shí)具備思想和飲食這兩種因素的影響。以及文章內(nèi)容可知敘述的都是日常飲食和發(fā)音對(duì)語(yǔ)言的影響，故選。DBritishchildrenusedtoplayconkers板栗游戲)intheautumnwhenthehorse-chestnuttreesstartedtodroptheirshinybrownnuts.Theywouldselectasuitablechestnut,drillaholeinitandthreaditontoastring,thenswingtheirconkeratthatofanopponentuntiloneofthembroke.Butthegamehasfallenoutoffavour.Childrenspendlesstimeoutdoorsandrarelyaccesstochestnuttrees.Besides,manyschoolshaveconkersgames,mightcauseinjuriesornutallergies.Thatsortof規(guī)風(fēng))nowspreadsthrougheveryaspectofchildhood.Playgroundshavealltheexcitementdesignedoutthemtomakethemsafe.Manygovernments,particularlyinsocietiessuchasAmerica,tighteneduptheirrules,requiring監(jiān)管youngchildrenfarmorecloselyinthepast.FrankFuredioftheUniversityofKent,amodernparenting,arguesthatallowingchildrentounsupervisedorleavingthemathomealoneisincreasinglydescribedasaofirresponsibleparenting.Inpart,suchincreasedcautionaresponsetoofchanges.Large-scaleurbanization,andmoremobilefamilies,themoveofwomenintothelabormarketthedigitizationofmanyoflifehaveunavoidablychangedthewaythatpeoplebringuptheirchildren.Thereischancethatanyofthesetrendswillbechanged,sotoday'smoreintensive(精化)parentingstyleislikely

精品資料togoon.Suchparentingpracticesnowbywealthyparentsinpartsoftherichworld,particularlyinAmerica,gofarbeyondanadjustmenttochangesinexternalconditions.Theymeanastrongbidtoensurethattheadvantagestheparents’generationarepassedontheirchildren.Sincesuccessinlifenowturnsmainlyoneducation,suchwilldotheirbesttoprovidetheirchildrenwiththeschooling,thecharactertrainingandthesocialskillsthatwillaccesstothebestuniversitiesandlaterthemostattractivejobs.Tosomeextentthathasthecase.Buttherearemoresuchparentsnow,andtheyarecompetingwitheachotherforwhateconomistscallpositionalgoods.Thiscompetitionstartsevenbeforethechildrenareborn.Thewealthyclasseswilltaketheirtimetoselectasuitablespouseandgetandwillstartafamilyonlywhentheyfeelreadyforit.Childrenlessadvantagedbackgrounds,bycontrast,oftenbeforetheirparentsarereadyforthem.In60%ofbirthstosinglewomenunder30areunplanned,andover40%ofchildrenbornoutsidemarriage.Theresult,certainlyinAmerica,hasbeentowidenalreadymassivesocialinequalitiesyetfurther.Alltheevidencesuggeststhatchildrenfrompoorerbackgroundsareatadisadvantagealmostasasareborn.Bytheageoffiveorsixtheyarefarless“school-ready”thantheirbetter-offpeers,soanyattemptstohelpthemcatchuphavetostartlongbeforetheygettoschool.Americahassuccesswithvariousschemesinvolvingregularhomebynursesorworkerstolow-incomefamilieswithalsohaslongexperiencewithprogrammesforyoungchildrenfrompoorfamiliesthatcombinesupportforparentswithgood-qualitychildcare.Suchprogrammesdoseemtomakedifference.Withoutextraeffort,childrenfromlow-incomefamiliesinmostcountriesaremuchlesslikelythantheirbetter-offpeerstoattendpreschooleducation,thoughtheyaremorelikelytobenefitit.Anddatafrom’sprogrammesuggestthatchildrendatleasttwoyearsofpreschooleducationtoperformattheirbestwhentheyare15.Sothemostpromisingwaytoensuregreaterequalitymaybetomakeearly-years

精品資料educationandcareforwidelyavailableandmoreaffordable,asitisintheNordics.Somegovernmentsarealreadyrethinkingtheireducationalpriorities,shiftingsomeoftheirspendingtotheearlyyears.Mostrichcountriesdecidedmorethancenturyagothatfree,compulsoryeducationforallchildrenwasworthwhileinvestmentforThereisnowanargumentforstartingpreschooleducationsomecountrieshavealreadydone.Inthefaceofcrushingnewinequalities,amodernversionapproachisworthtrying.45.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Moreattentionisonchildren’ssafety.B.Moreandmoreparentsarebecomingirresponsible.C.Childrenarenolongerinterestedinactivities.D.Parentsareadvisedtospendmoretimewiththeirchildren.46.WhichofthefollowingaboutintensiveparentingstyleisTRUE?A.Chancesarethatthisstylecouldbechanged.B.Financialpressureforcesparentstostricter.C.Richfamiliesadoptsuchstyletokeeptheiradvantages.D.Suchstyleislargelyinfluencedthesizeoffamily.47.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceimply?A.Economistsofferpracticaladvicetoguideparenting.B.Ahappymarriagesecureschildren’ssocialpositions.C.Unfairdivisionofresourcesparentsmad.D.Parentsarestrugglingfortheirchildren’sedgeoverpeers.48.Whichisthepropermeasuretonarrowthegapbetweentherichpoor?A.ParentsarepersuadedtobirthtobabiesintheirlaterB.Fundsareprovidedforpoorchildrenaftertheyareadmittedtoschool.C.Newbabiesinlow-incomefamiliesaresenttoorsocialD.Childrenfromlow-incomefamiliesareensuredreceiveearlyeducation.49.What’stheauthor’stowardsinvestmentinpre-schooleducation?A.SupportiveB.Disapproving

精品資料C.SkepticD.Unconcerned50.Theauthorbeginsthepassagewiththegameofconkersto.A.showcompetitionoverweighscooperationB.implyeducationalinequalitiesshouldbebrokenC.makereadersawareoftherulesofD.indicatethegameitstochildren【答案】45.A46.C47.D48.49.50.B【解析】這是一篇說明文。如今兒童安全被密切關(guān)心著。大規(guī)模的城市化、規(guī)模更小、流動(dòng)性更強(qiáng)的家庭、女性進(jìn)入勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)以及生活方方面面的數(shù)字化，都不可避免地改變了人們撫養(yǎng)子女的方式。這些趨勢(shì)幾乎不可能被改變，所以今天更精細(xì)化的教育方式可能會(huì)繼續(xù)下去。【45題解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Thatsortofrisk-averseness(規(guī)風(fēng)險(xiǎn))nowspreadsthrougheveryaspectchildhood.Playgroundshaveexcitementdesignedoutofthemtomakethem可現(xiàn)在很多地方都過分強(qiáng)調(diào)兒童的安,并舉了板栗游戲被禁止的例子可知兒童安全被密切心,故選A?！?6題解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句Suchparentingpracticesnowembracedbywealthyinmanypartsoftherichworld,particularlyingofarbeyondanadjustmenttochangesinexternalconditions.知如今，在許多富裕國(guó)家，尤其是美國(guó)，富有的父母?jìng)兯邮艿倪@種育兒方式，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了對(duì)外部環(huán)境變化的適應(yīng)。即富裕家庭采用精細(xì)化教育方式來保持他們的優(yōu)勢(shì)。故選C?！?7題解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文第四段最后一句suchparentswilldotheirbesttoprovidetheirchildrenwiththeschooling,thecharactertrainingandthesocialsecureaccesstothebestuniversitiesandlaterthemostattractivejobs.可知多家長(zhǎng)都想要給孩子最好,最的教最好的看,最好的培訓(xùn)?？赏茰y(cè)劃線句所在的意思為現(xiàn)這種情況在家長(zhǎng)中愈演愈導(dǎo)致家長(zhǎng)想要去跟其他家長(zhǎng)進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。故選D?！?8題解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第八段第一句themostpromisingwaygreaterequalitymaybe

精品資料tomakeearly-yearseducationandcareforwidelyavailableandmoreaffordable,asitisinthe可讓孩子們的生活水平變得更好地最有希望的辦法就是讓他們接受早期教,故選D。【49題解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第八段第一句可知要讓這些早期教育變得能讓更多的人支付得起，以及下文后一句Somegovernmentsarealreadyrethinkingtheireducationalpriorities,shiftingsomeoftheirspendingtotheearlyyears.可知現(xiàn)在有些政府也在重新思考他們的教育支,投入更多的錢在早教上，可知作者是支持這一行為的，故選A?！?0題解】推理判斷題。本題可用排除法項(xiàng)提到展示了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的分量已經(jīng)大過了合,文章中并沒體現(xiàn)故除A選項(xiàng)；選中提到使讀者知道這個(gè)游戲的辦法，結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知文章不是要介紹這個(gè)游,故排除C選D項(xiàng)表這個(gè)游戲?qū)⒆觽兪チ宋?文中說的是不讓孩子們玩這個(gè)游戲，故排除D；上，故選。第部任務(wù)閱（10小題每題分滿10分請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯?。注意：?qǐng)將答案謝在答題紙上相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上，每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞。Onthesurface,onewouldbehard-pressedtofindmanysimilaritiesbetweenchancellorAngelaMerkel,BangladeshiprimeSheikhHasina,andpresi