RO反滲透系統(tǒng)技術(shù)培訓(xùn)課件

反滲透（RO）培訓(xùn)

2013年3月簡(jiǎn)介：膜/反滲透及其應(yīng)用

AnINTRODUCTIONTO

MEMEBRANE/REVERSEOSMOSIS

&ITSBESTPRACTICE（交叉流/膜）過(guò)濾方法

CrossFlowFiltrationMethods微過(guò)濾Microfiltration超濾Ultrafiltration超微過(guò)濾

Nanofiltration反滲透ReverseOsmosis范圍宏分子Macromolecular分子Molecular次分子Submolecular離子Ionic顆粒大小Particlesize1.0-0.1mm0.1-0.01mm0.01-0.001mm<0.001mm去除Removes固體懸浮物,大的膠體,細(xì)菌Bacteria蛋白質(zhì)Proteins,膠體Colloids,有機(jī)物Organics熱原(質(zhì))Pyrogens,二價(jià)離子Divalentions濾過(guò)性微生物Virus小的有機(jī)物,金屬M(fèi)etals,鹽alts分子量MolecularWeight>100,00010,000-100,000200-20,000<300操作壓OperatingPressure10psig10-100psig200-250psig200-800psigPretreatmentNeeds預(yù)處理需要LowMediumHighHigh投資成本CapitalCostLowMediumHighHigh膜系統(tǒng)MembraneSystem反滲透ReverseOsmosisP1WaterStrongSolutionH2OH2OH2O滲透過(guò)程/工藝WaterStrongSolutionH2OH2OH2O反滲透過(guò)程/工藝P2術(shù)語(yǔ)表GlossaryofTerms

Concentrateorreject濃縮或損失/未滲透

Permeateorproduct滲透或產(chǎn)物Percentrecovery回收率Percentsaltrejection鹽損率

/抗鹽率兩步驟RO系統(tǒng)Two-StageROSystem

元件ELEMENTS進(jìn)水FEED滲透PERMEATE高壓泵HIGHPRESSUREPUMPTRAIN#1TRAIN#2容器VESSEL2:1排列ARRAY進(jìn)水FEEDREJECTREJECT滲透PERMEATE第一步1stSTAGE第二步2ndSTAGEREJECTRO設(shè)備TypicalROMachine膜對(duì)比MembraneComparisons醋酸纖維素Cellulose

acetate薄膜合成Thinfilm

compositePH范圍TypicalpHrange5.0-6.52.0-11.0平均未滲透率Average%rejection95%99%微生物病體MicrobiosusceptibilityYesNo溫度限制Temperaturelimit35°C45°

C氯承受力ChlorinetoleranceExcellentPoor操作壓Typicaloperatingpressure400psig200psigRO的優(yōu)勢(shì)

WhatAretheAdvantagesofRO?去除非離子雜質(zhì)和溶解的固體（如：有機(jī)物，無(wú)水硅酸，細(xì)菌）Removesnonionicimpuritiesanddissolvedsolids(anics,silica,bacteria)

減少了危險(xiǎn)的化學(xué)品存儲(chǔ)和與離子交換相關(guān)的操Reductionofhazardouschemicalstorageandhandlingassociatedwithionexchange

減少了離子交換系統(tǒng)的裝載Reducesloadingonionexchangesystems:延長(zhǎng)運(yùn)行周期Extendsrunlengths延長(zhǎng)樹脂壽命Extendsresinlife降低操作成本ReducesoperatingcostsRO的劣勢(shì)

WhatAretheDisadvantagesofRO?25%的進(jìn)水未被滲透25%offeedstreamisrejected滲透的5%TDS對(duì)HP鍋爐不足5%TDSinpermeateinadequateforHPboilers最終過(guò)濾器易被堵塞Ultimatefilterwhichiseasilyfouled: -提高操作成本Increasingoperatingcosts -降低樹脂壽命Reducingmembranelife操作成本細(xì)分TypicalOperatingCostBreakdown膜更換費(fèi)MembraneReplacement31%化學(xué)藥品費(fèi)用Chemicals17%人工費(fèi)Labor15%過(guò)濾器更換費(fèi)Filter

Replacement3%其它7%電費(fèi)27%離子污垢IronFouling微生物污垢MicrobiologicalFouling無(wú)水硅酸污垢SilicaFouling膜退化/降解

MembraneDegradation膜問(wèn)題造成的結(jié)果ResultsofMembraneProblems水質(zhì)降低Reducedwaterquality

運(yùn)行周期縮短Shorterrunlengths

提早更換膜Prematuremembranereplacement

運(yùn)行成本提高Higheroperatingcosts廠商要求TypicalManufacturer’sRequirementsNS-NotSpecified各種污垢物質(zhì)的沉積DepositTendencyofVariousFoulants*假定沒(méi)有使用防水銹劑、防污垢劑和消毒殺菌劑Assumesnoantiscalant,antifoulantorsanitizerisused性能改善指導(dǎo)方法

PerformanceEnhancementGuidelines污垢FoulantFoulantThreshold處理方法Treatment性能改善PerformanceEnhancement氯Chlorine0.1ppmfreeCl2(TFC)酸性亞硫酸鹽Bisulfite0ppmfreeCl2CaCO3LSIindex>0inreject防水銹劑UptoLSIindex=+2.3CaSO4Ca2++SO42->1000ppminreject防水銹劑3x溶解度Upto3xsolubilitylimitBaSO4Ba2+>0.2ppminfeed防水銹劑Upto11xsolubilitylimitFe

Fe2+>0.1ppminfeed防水銹劑Upto5xsolubilitylimit無(wú)水硅酸SilicaSiO2>120ppminreject防水銹劑Upto250ppminreject微生物Microbio進(jìn)水中細(xì)菌棒量Bacterialevel>104

CFU/cm2infeed生物殺滅劑BiocideUpto106CFU/cm2關(guān)鍵參數(shù)位置LocationofKeyParametersRO膜MEMBRANEPERMEATEREJECT高壓泵HIGHPRESSUREPUMP進(jìn)水FEEDWATERSDI,FeedPressureFeedFlowRate,pH,Conductivity,Turbidity,Temperature,andBiocide(TFCelements)RejectPressureRejectFlowRate,ConductivityPermeateFlowRate,Conductivity,PermeatePressure,andBiocide(CAandTFCelements)控制工具的位置

LocationofKeyMonitoringToolsROUNITS離子交換IONEXCHANGE鍋爐BOILERS進(jìn)水FEEDWATER筒式過(guò)濾器CARTRIDGEFILTERS沙過(guò)濾器SANDFILTERSORPORP顆?？刂芇ARTICLEMONITOR殘余聚合體測(cè)試RESIDUALPOLYMERTESTSDIROUNITS離子交換IONEXCHANGE鍋爐BOILERS進(jìn)水FEEDWATERCARTRIDGEFILTERSCIPSKIDCLEANERS進(jìn)消毒殺菌劑SANITIZERFEED進(jìn)氯CHLORINEFEED進(jìn)聚合體OLYMERFEED進(jìn)酸性亞硫酸鹽BISULFITEFEEDSANDFILTERSACIDFEED進(jìn)防水銹劑/防垢劑/ANTISCALANT/ANTIFOULANTFEED*SECONDARYPRIMARY*SECONDARY*當(dāng)進(jìn)水中離子水平>0.5ppm時(shí)推薦第二進(jìn)水點(diǎn)Secondaryfeedpointsarerecommendedwhenironlevels>0.5ppminfeedPRIMARY第一、第二進(jìn)水點(diǎn)的位置LocationofPrimaryandSecondaryFeedPoints原始數(shù)據(jù)比正?；蟮臄?shù)據(jù)RawDatavs.NormalizedData趨向數(shù)據(jù)TrendingData解決RO系統(tǒng)故障

TroubleshootinganROSystem檢查預(yù)處理控制系統(tǒng)Checkpretreatmentmonitoringsystem檢查儀表，校正Checkinstrumentcalibrationforaccuracy隔離RO問(wèn)題部分IsolatethelocationofproblemROelements尋找性能失誤的可能原因 Investigatepossiblecausesofperformanceloss控制運(yùn)行，保證問(wèn)題解決 Monitorperformancetoassureproblemisfixed

1/4”聚丙烯管TubingRO容器包括6個(gè)Elements探視RO容器ProbinganROVessel可采用的服務(wù)或工具

Services&ToolsAvailable降低能源,人工和清潔費(fèi)用降低能源,人工和清潔費(fèi)用降低能源,人工和清潔費(fèi)用降低能顯示目錄,人工和清潔費(fèi)用服務(wù)/工具特點(diǎn)FEATURES帶給客戶的價(jià)值VALUETOCUSTOMER顆?？刂破鱌articleMonitor·識(shí)別固體懸浮物·相對(duì)SDI更易使用··降低膜更換費(fèi)用ORP·優(yōu)化亞硫酸鹽的使用·查探滲透水中的消毒殺菌劑·降低化學(xué)物處理費(fèi)用·降低IE樹脂更換費(fèi)用水分析WaterAnalysis·識(shí)別潛在污垢物質(zhì)

(Fe,Ba,Ca,bio,有機(jī)物質(zhì))··降低膜更換費(fèi)用SacrificialMembrane·識(shí)別水銹物和污垢物·使用低成本膜··降低膜更換費(fèi)用ROTestSkid·評(píng)估chemicalprograms·進(jìn)行pilottrials·降低化學(xué)物處理費(fèi)用·降低/避免資產(chǎn)成本capitalcosts咨詢/檢測(cè)Consulting/Inspections·確認(rèn)問(wèn)題起因·識(shí)查新機(jī)會(huì)·降低運(yùn)行成本·提高生產(chǎn)力,縮短停工期膜剖析MembraneAutopsy·識(shí)別水銹物和污垢物(Fe,Ba,Ca,bio,有機(jī)物質(zhì))··降低膜更換費(fèi)用污染位置和影響

FoulingLocation&Impact

位置LocationofFoulinginROplants

Fouling

Wheredoesitoccurfirst

Scaling/silica

Lastmembranesinlaststage

Metaloxides

Firstmembranesoffirststage

Colloids

Firstmembranesoffirststage

Organic

Firstmembranesoffirststage

Biofouling(rapid)

Firstmembranesoffirststage

(slow)

Throughoutthewholeinstallation

根據(jù)對(duì)運(yùn)行的影響識(shí)別污染

Identifyingfoulingbyimpactonperformance

Fouling

NormalizedFlux

PressureDrop

SaltPassage

Where

Scaling

ˉ

-

YEnd

Metaloxides

?

Y

Y

Front

Colloids/silica

ˉ

-

-

Front/End

Organic

ˉ-

ˉ

Front

Biofouling

?

Y-

Front

使用運(yùn)行變量

UsingthePerformanceVariables清潔RO系統(tǒng)的時(shí)間：TimetocleantheROsystemwhen:降低10-15%的正?；鬂B透水的流速（運(yùn)行的前200個(gè)小時(shí)后）10-15%decreaseinnormalizedpermeateflowrate(afterfirst200hoursofoperation),or降低1-2%的抗鹽率1-2%decreaseinpercentsaltrejection,or提高10-15%的壓差10-15%increaseindifferentialpressure正確的清潔維護(hù)

ProperCleaningMaintenance正常化滲透水流速NormalizedPermeateFlowrateTime當(dāng)下降10-15%后清潔Cleaningafter10-15%decline下降10-15%后清潔最優(yōu)化RO運(yùn)行性能Cleaningaftera10-15%DeclinemaximizesROperformance正?；瘽B透水流速NormalizedPermeateFlowrateTime不正確的清潔維護(hù)當(dāng)下降>15%后清潔Cleaningafter>15%decline等太久再清潔,降低RO運(yùn)行性能WaitingtoolongtocleanreducesROperformanceCleaning-In-Place(CIP)SkidLLPP清洗罐CleaningTank加熱器HeaterP壓力容器2:1PressureVessels滲透水Permeate濃鹽水ConcentrateBrine進(jìn)水Feed筒式過(guò)濾器CartridgeFilter(5or10micron)再流通Recirculation采樣Sample最佳膜清潔作法

MembraneCleaningBestPractice一步一步StagebyStage正確的化學(xué)品使用方案RightChemicalProgram充足的流速SufficientFlowRate清潔時(shí)間CleaningDuration重開始運(yùn)行時(shí)的問(wèn)題Problemswhenbacktotheservice.維護(hù)RO的益處

BenefitsofMaintaininganRO

降低運(yùn)行成本Reducedoperatingcosts

降低維護(hù)費(fèi)用Reducedmaintenancecosts

縮短停工期Reduceddowntime

延長(zhǎng)膜壽命Extendedmembranelife

提高水質(zhì)和產(chǎn)量Improvedwaterqualityandoutput設(shè)計(jì)RO系統(tǒng)DesigningaROSystem我需要多少滲透水產(chǎn)量

HowmuchpermeateproductiondoIneed我需要怎樣的水質(zhì)

WhatwaterqualitydoIneed是否對(duì)濃水有任何需要

Isthereanyusefortheconcentrate監(jiān)測(cè)控制裝

Monitoringandcontrolpackages我需要多少train

HowmanytrainsdoIneed進(jìn)水溫度,變化,熱回收如何

Whatisthefeedwatertemperature,variation,heatrecovery進(jìn)水質(zhì)量如何

Whatisthefeedwaterquality 預(yù)處理Pretreatment過(guò)濾Filtration重力/壓力 Gravity/pressure多媒/綠砂 Multimedia/Greensand濾筒類型和尺寸 Cartridgetypeandsize微生物MicrobiopH值控制pHcontrol化學(xué)品使用Chemicalapplications分析器/自動(dòng)操作Analyzers/automationORP/氯監(jiān)控ORP/chlorinemonitors膜處理方案

MembraneTreatmentProgram傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)用水的管理

ConventionalIndustrialWaterManagementSurfaceWater進(jìn)水處理FeedWaterTreatment鍋爐Boiler澄清器Clarifier冷卻塔CoolingTowersProcessDischarge廢水處理工廠WastewaterTreatmentPlant-Coagulant-Flocculant-凝結(jié)劑-凝聚劑膜性能MembranePerformance

21st世紀(jì)工業(yè)用水系統(tǒng)IndustrialWaterSystemsCustomerNeeds客戶需求降低運(yùn)行總成本自動(dòng)操作的可靠性提高運(yùn)行效果DischargeSurfaceW