法律英語詞匯大全

法律英語詞匯大全（民事法律）法律翻譯詞匯

(2007-4-30)

法律淵源sourceoflaw

制定法statute

判例法caselaw;precedent

普通法commonlaw

特別法speciallaw

固有法nativelaw;indigenouslaw

繼受法adoptedlaw

實體法substantiallaw

程序法procedurallaw

原則法fundamentallaw

例外法exceptionlaw

司法解釋judicialinterpretation

習慣法customarylaw

公序良俗publicorderandmoral

自然法naturallaw

羅馬法RomanLaw

私法privatelaw

公法publiclaw

市民法juscivile

萬民法jusgentium

民法法系civillawsystem

英美法系systemofAnglo-Americanlaw

大陸法系civillawsystem

普通法commonlaw

大陸法continentallaw

羅馬法系Romanlawsystem

英吉利法

衡平法equity;lawofequity

日爾曼法Germanticlaw

教會法ecclesiasticallaw

寺院法canonlaw

伊斯蘭法Islamiclaw

民法法律規(guī)范normofcivillaw

授權規(guī)范authorizationnorm

禁止規(guī)范forbiddingnorm

義務性規(guī)范obligatorynorm

命令性規(guī)范commandingnorm

民法基本原則fundamentalprinciplesofcivillaw

平等原則principleofequality

自愿原則principleoffreewill

公平原則principleofjustice

等價有償原則principleofequalvalueexchange

誠實信用原則principleofgoodfaith

行為act

作為act

不作為omission

合法行為lawfulact

違法行為unlawfulact

民事權利權利能力civilright

絕對權absoluteright

相對權relativeright

優(yōu)先權rightofpriority

先買權preemption

原權antecedentright

救濟權rightofrelief

支配權rightofdominion

請求權rightofclaim

物上請求權rightofclaimforrealthing

形成權rightofformation

撤銷權rightofclaimingcancellation

否認權rightofclaimingcancellation

解除權rightofrenouncement

代位權subrogatedright

選擇權rightofchoice

承認權rightofadmission

終止權rightoftermination

抗辯權rightofdefense

一時性抗辯權momentaryrightofdefense

永久性抗辯權permanentcounter-argumentright

不安抗辯權unstablecounter-argumentright

同時履行抗辯權defenserightofsimultaneousperformance

既得權testedright

期待權expectantright

專屬權exclusiveright

非專屬權non-exclusiveright

人身權利personalright

人權humanright

人格權rightofpersonality

生命健康權rightoflifeandhealth

姓名權rightofname

名稱權rightofname

肖像權rightofportraiture

自由權rightoffreedom

名譽權rightreputation

隱私權rightofprivacy

私生活秘密權rightofprivacy

貞操權virginityright

身份權rightofstatus

親權parentalpower;parentalright

親屬權rightofrelative

探視權visitationright

配偶權rightofspouse

榮譽權rightofhonor

權利的保護protectionofright

公力救濟publicprotection

私力救濟self-protection

權利本位standardofright

社會本位standardofsociety

無責任行為irresponsibleright

正當防衛(wèi)justifiableright;ligitimatedefence

防衛(wèi)行為actofdefence

自為行為self-conductingact

緊急避險actofrescue;necessity

自助行為actofself-help

不可抗力forcemajeure

意外事件accident

行為能力capacityforact

意思能力capacityofwill

民事行為civilact

意思表示declarationofintention

意思表示一致meetingofminds;consensus

完全行為能力perfectcapacityforact

限制行為能力restrictivecapacityforact

準禁治產(chǎn)人quasi-interdictedperson

保佐protection

自治產(chǎn)人minorwhoiscapableofadministeringhisowncapacity

無行為能力incapacityforact

禁治產(chǎn)人interdictedperson

自然人naturalperson

公民citizen

住所domicile

居所residence

經(jīng)常居住地frequentlydwellingplace

戶籍censusregister

監(jiān)護guardianship

個體工商戶individualbusiness

農(nóng)村承包經(jīng)營戶leaseholdingruralhousehold

合伙partnership

合伙人partner

合伙協(xié)議partnershipagreement

合伙財產(chǎn)propertyofpartnership

合伙債務debtofpartnership

入伙joinpartnership

退伙withdrawalfrompartnership

合伙企業(yè)partnershipbusinessestablishment

個人合伙partnership

法人合伙partnershipoflegalperson

特別合伙specialpartnership

普通合伙generalpartnership

有限合伙limitedpartnership

民事合伙civilpartnership

隱名合伙sleepingpartnership;dormantpartnership

私營企業(yè)privateenterprise;proprietorship

法人legalperson

企業(yè)法人legalbodyofenterprise

企業(yè)集團groupofenterprise

關聯(lián)企業(yè)affiliateenterprise

個人獨資企業(yè)individualbusinessestablishment

國有獨資企業(yè)solelystate-ownedenterprise

中外合資企業(yè)Sino-foreignjointventureenterprise

中外合作企業(yè)Sino-foreigncontractualenterprise

社團法人legalbodyofmassorganization

財團法人legalbodyoffinancialgroup

聯(lián)營jointventure

法人型聯(lián)營associationoflegalpersons

合伙型聯(lián)營coordinatedmanagementinpartnership

協(xié)作型聯(lián)營cooperation-typecoordinatedmanagement

合作社cooperative

民事法律行為civillegalact

單方民事法律行為unilateralcivillegalact

雙方民事法律行為bilateralcivillegalact

多方民事法律行為jointactcivillegalact

有償民事法律行為civillegalactwithconsideration

無償民事法律行為civillegalactwithoutconsideration;civillegalactwithoutaward

實踐性民事法律行為practicalcivillegalact

法律翻譯公司

諾成性民事法律行為consentalcivillegalact

要式民事法律行為formalcivillegalact

不要式民事法律行為informalcivillegalact

要因民事法律行為causativecivillegalact

不要因民事法律行為noncausativecivillegalact

主民事法律行為principalcivillegalact

從民事法律行為accessorycivillegalact

附條件民事法律行為conditionalcivillegalact

附期限民事法律行為civillegalactwithterm

生前民事法律行為civillegalactbeforedeath

死后民事法律行為civillegalactafterdeath

準民事法律行為quasi-civillegalact

無效行為ineffectiveact

可撤銷民事行為revocablecivilact

違法行為illegalact;unlawfulact

侵權行為tort

欺詐fraud

脅迫duress

乘人之危takingadvantageofothers’precariousposition

以合法形式掩蓋非法目的legalformconcealingillegalintention

惡意串通maliciouscollaboration

重大誤解grossmisunderstanding

顯失公平obviousunjust

誤傳misrepresentation

代理agency

本人principal

被代理人principal

受托人trustee

代理人agent

本代理人originalagent

法定代理人statutoryagent;legalagent

委托代理人agentbymandate

指定代理人designatedagent

復代理人subagent

再代理人subagent

轉(zhuǎn)代理人subagent

代理權rightofagency

授權行為actofauthorization

授權委托書powerofattorney

代理行為actofagency

委托代理agencybymandate

本代理originalagency

復代理subagency

次代理subagency

有權代理authorizedagency

表見代理agencybyestoppel;apparentagency

律師代理agencybylawyer

普通代理generalagency

全權代理generalagency

全權代理委托書generalpowerofattorney

共同代理jointagency

獨家代理soleagency

居間brokerage

居間人broker

行紀commission;brokerhouse

信托trust

時效timelimit;prescription;limitation

時效中止suspensionofprescription/limitation

時效中斷interruptionoflimitation/prescription

時效延長extensionoflimitation

取得時效acquisitiveprescription

時效終止lapseoftime;terminationofprescription

期日date

期間term

涉外民事關系civilrelationswithforeignelements

沖突規(guī)范ruleofconflict

準據(jù)法applicablelaw;governinglaw

反致renvoi;remission

轉(zhuǎn)致transmission

識別identification

公共秩序保留reserveofpublicorder

法律規(guī)避evasionoflaw

國籍nationality

國有化nationalization

法律責任legalliability

民事責任civilliability/responsibility

行政責任administrativeliability/responsibility

刑事責任criminalliability/responsibility

違約責任liabilityofbreachofcontract;responsibilityofdefault

有限責任limitedliability

無限責任unlimitedliability

按份責任shared/severalliability

連帶責任jointandseveralliability

過失責任liabilityfornegligence;negligentliability

過錯責任faultliability;liabilityforfault

單獨過錯solefault

共同過錯jointfault

混合過錯mixedfault

被害人過錯victim’sfault

第三人過錯thirdparty’sfault

推定過錯presumptivefault

惡意badfaith;malice

故意deliberateintention;intention;willfulness

過失negligence

重大過失grossnegligence

疏忽大意的過失carelessandinadvertentnegligence

過于自信的過失negligencewithundueassumption

損害事實factsofdamage

有形損失tangibledamage/loss

無形損失intangibledamage/loss

財產(chǎn)損失propertydamage/loss

人身損失personaldamage/loss

精神損失spiritualdamage/loss

民事責任承擔方式methodsofbearingcivilliability

停止侵害ceasetheinfringingact

排除妨礙exclusionofhindrance;removalofobstacle

消除危險eliminationofdanger

返還財產(chǎn)restitutionofproperty

恢復原狀restitution;restitutionoforiginalstate

賠償損失compensateforaloss;indemnifyforaloss

支付違約金paymentofliquidateddamage

消除影響eliminateilleffects

恢復名譽rehabilitateone’sreputation

賠禮道歉extendaformalapology

物權jusadrem;rightinrem;realright

物權制度realrightsystem;rightinremsystem

一物一權原則theprincipalofOnething,OneRight

物權法定主義principaloflegalityofrightinrem

物權公示原則principalofpublicsummonsofrightinrem

物權法jusrerem

物property

生產(chǎn)資料rawmaterialforproduction

生活資料meansoflivelihood;meansofsubsistence

流通物resincommercium;athingincommerce

限制流通物limitedmerchantablething

禁止流通物resextracommercium;athingoutofcommerce

資產(chǎn)asset

固定資產(chǎn)fixedasset

流動資產(chǎn)currentasset;floatingasset

動產(chǎn)movables;chattel

不動產(chǎn)immovable;realestate

特定物rescertae;acertainthing

種類物genus;indefinitething

可分物resdivisibiles;divisiblethings

不可分物resindivisibiles;indivisiblethings

主物rescapitalis;aprincipalthing

從物resaccessoria;anaccessorything

原物originalthing

孳息fruits

天然孳息naturalfruits

法定孳息legalfruits

無主物bonavacatia;vacantgoods;ownerlessgoods

遺失物lostproperty

漂流物driftingobject

埋藏物fortuna;hiddenproperty

貨幣currency

證券securities

債券bond

物權分類classificationofrightinrem/realright

自物權jusinrepropria;rightoffullownership

所有權dominium;ownership;title

所有權憑證documentoftitle;titleofownership

占有權dominiumutile;equitableownership

使用權rightofuse;righttouseof

收益權righttoearnings;righttoyields

處分權rightofdisposing;jusdispodendi

善意占有possessioningoodfaith

惡意占有maliciouspossession

按份共有severalpossession

共同共有jointpossession

他物權jusinrealiena

用益物權realrightforusufruct

使用權righttouse;rightofuse

土地使用權righttotheuseofland

林權forestownership

采礦權miningownership

經(jīng)營權managerialauthority;powerofmanagement

承包經(jīng)營權righttocontractedmanagement

相鄰權neighboringright;relatedright

地上權superficies

永佃權jusemphyteuticum;righttolandedestategrantedinperpetuitythroughacontract

地役權servitude;easement

人役權servituspersonarum;personalservitude

擔保物權realrightforsecurity

物的擔保securityforthing

物的瑕疵擔保warrantyagainstdefectofathing

抵押權hypotheca;hypothecation;righttomortgage

抵押權的設定creationofrighttomortgage

抵押人mortgagor

抵押權人mortgagee

抵押標的物collateral;estateundermortgage

抵押權的效力deffectofrighttomortgage

抵押權的次序sequenceofrighttomortgage

抵押權的拋棄abandonmentofrighttomortgage

抵押權的讓與alienationofrighttomortgage

抵押權的實現(xiàn)materializationofrighttomortgage

抵押權的消滅extinctionofrightto

mortgageregistrationofestateundermortgage

抵押物登記registrationofestateundermortgage

抵押優(yōu)先權priorityofmortgage

留置權l(xiāng)ien

一般留置權generallien

特別留置權speciallien

質(zhì)權hypotheque;pledge;rightofpledge

佃權tenantright

債權jusinpersonam;righttogiveorprocure;claim;creditor’sright

債權人creditor

債務人debtor

相對人counterpart;offeree

給付give;pay

債務debt;liability;obligation

債務的償還paymentofdebt

債務的償清dischargeofdebt

債務的擔保guaranteeofdebt

債務的合并consolidationofdebt

法律翻譯公司

債務的給付日期debtmaturity

債務的免除exemptionofdebt

債的分類obligatio;obligation

法定之債legalobligation

任意之債voluntaryobligation

簡單之債

simpleobligation

選擇之債alternativeobligation

主債prime/principalobligation

從債accessoryobligation

單一之債singleobligation

按份之債severalobligation

連帶之債jointobligation

特定之債certainobligation

種類之債indefiniteobligation

合同之債contractualobligation

侵權行為之債tortobligation

損害賠償之債obligationofcompensationforinjury;obligationofdamages

人身損害damagetoperson

精神損害moral/mental/spiritualdamage

醫(yī)藥費hospitaltreatmentexpense

醫(yī)療費medicalcharge

撫恤金pension

慰問金consolationmoney

產(chǎn)品瑕疵defectofproduct

不當?shù)美鹵njustenrichment

無因管理voluntaryservice

債的擔保guaranteeofobligation

財產(chǎn)擔保propertyguarantee

信用擔保creditguarantee

讓與擔保alienationguarantee

保證guaranty

明示保證expressguaranty

默示保證

impliedguaranty

保證人guarantor

保證合同contractofguaranty/suretyship

保證金guarantybond;securitydeposit

押金deposit;foregift

預付款advancedpayment

定金earnestmoney;deposit

違約金liquidateddamages

法定違約金liquidateddamagesbylaw

約定違約金liquidateddamagesbyagreement

債的履行performanceofobligation

實際履行原則doctrineofspecificperformance

情事變更原則doctrineofchangeofcircumstances

不當履行misfeasance

清償discharge;satisfaction

提存debtor’ssubmissionofthesubjectmatterofobligationtocompetentauthority

抵銷setoff

知識產(chǎn)權intellectualproperty

知識產(chǎn)權國際保護internationalprotectionofintellectualproperty

國民待遇原則doctrineofnationaltreatment

優(yōu)先權原則arightofprioritydoctrine

自動保護原則doctrineofautomaticprotection

特許權使用費royalties

智力成果intellectualproperty

著作權copyright

版權copyright

著作權人copyrightowner

創(chuàng)作creation

作品opus;product;work

著作人格權rightofpersonalityofcopyright

發(fā)表權rightofpublication

署名權rightofauthorship;rightofpaternity

修改權rightofmodification;rightofrevision

完整性保持權righttomaintainintegrity

不可侵犯權inviolability

收回權rightofrecall;rightofretrieval

自費出版publishabookattheauthor’sownexpense

著作財產(chǎn)權propertyrightinwork

使用收益分享權righttoshareusufruct

利用權righttomakeuseof

獲得報酬權righttogetpayment

重播權rightofrebroadcasting

錄制權rightoffixation

機械復制權rightofmechanograph;rightofmechanicalreproduction

著作鄰接權neighboringrightofcopyright

剽竊plagiary;plagiarism

盜版pirate

盜版VCDpiratedVCD

偽造forge

工業(yè)產(chǎn)權industrialproperty

專利權patentright

優(yōu)先權日prioritydate

申請在先原則priorapplicationrule

使用在先priorityofuse

新穎性novelty

創(chuàng)造性creativity

實用性practicability

發(fā)明創(chuàng)造inventionandcreation

實用新型utilitymodel

外觀設計design;industrialdesign

發(fā)明權rightofinvention

發(fā)現(xiàn)權rightofdiscovery

專利申請patentapplication

專利異議objectiontoapatent

專利公告patentgazette

專利續(xù)展費renewalfeeofpatent

專利許可協(xié)議patentlicensingagreement

技術訣竅know-how

專有技術know-how

專利證書certificateofpatent

專利事務所patentoffice

專利代理patentagency

中華人民共和國專利局PatentOfficeofthePeople’sRepublicofChina

商標權trademarkright

商標國際注冊internationalregistrationoftrademark

商品商標commoditytrademark

服務商標servicetrademark

馳名商標reputedtrademark

廣告商標advertisementtrademark

近似商標similartrademark

商標評審委員會tradereviewandappraisalboard

商標審查trademarkexamination

商標侵權trademarkinfringement

商標注冊registeredtrademark

商標公告trademarkgazette

注冊商標使用許可licensingofregisteredtrademark

注冊商標轉(zhuǎn)讓assignmentofregisteredtrademark

商標使用許可協(xié)議trademarklicensingagreement

商標事務所trademarkoffice

商標代理trademarkagency

婚姻、家庭、繼承、收養(yǎng)marriage,family,inheritance,adoption

婚姻法maritallaw;marriagelaw

包辦婚姻arrangedmarriage

財產(chǎn)分割partition;dismembermentofproperty

重婚bigamy

獨生子女onlychild

法律婚legalmarriage

非婚生子女illegitimatechild

夫妻共同財產(chǎn)communityproperty

夫妻關系conjugalrelationship

夫妻分居divorceamensaetthoro;divorcefrombedandboard

復婚resumptionofmarriage

感情破裂incompatibility

婚后財產(chǎn)公證notarizationofpostnuptialproperties

婚姻登記marriageregistration

婚生子女ligitimatechild

計劃生育birthcontrol

結(jié)婚marry

離婚divorce

買賣婚姻mercenarymarriage

擬制血親bloodrelationsinfictionoflaw

旁系血親collateralrelationbloodrelation

涉外婚姻marriagewithforeignelements

配偶spouse

事實婚defactomarriage

訴訟離婚divorcebylitigation

探視權visitationright

同居cohabitation

晚婚latemarriage

無效婚姻voidmarriage

協(xié)議離婚divorcebyagreement

一夫一妻制monogamy

早婚earlymarriage

直系血親linealdescent

自然血親naturalbloodrelation

收養(yǎng)法adoptionlaw

收養(yǎng)協(xié)議adoptionagreement

收養(yǎng)人adoptiveparent

送養(yǎng)人personorinstitutionplacingoutachildforadoption

涉外收養(yǎng)adoptionwithforeignelements

繼承法inheritancelaw;lawofsuccession

法定繼承l(wèi)egalseccession

遺囑繼承intestatesuccession

遺贈繼承successionbydevise

自然繼承naturalsuccession

代位繼承representation;successionbysubrogation

世襲繼承hereditarysuccession

間接繼承indirectsuccession

轉(zhuǎn)繼承subsuccession

共同繼承jointsuccession

單獨繼承singlesuccession

繼承人heir;successor

第二順序繼承人successorsecondinorder

第一順序繼承人successorfirstinorder

繼承參與人successionparticipant

遺產(chǎn)inheritance;heritage

遺產(chǎn)繼承人heirtoproperty;inheritor

遺言lastwillandtestament

遺書lastwords

遺贈bequest;legacy;devise

遺贈撫養(yǎng)協(xié)議legacy-supportageement

四、商事法律

會計法accountinglaw

稅法taxlaw;taxationlaw

反不正當競爭法anti-unfaircompetitionlaw

消費者權益保護法consumer’sinterestprotectionlaw

產(chǎn)品責任法productionliabilitylaw

消費者權益法consumerrightsandinterestslaw

公司法companylaw;corporatelaw

公司company;corporation

有限責任公司limitedliabilitycompany

股份有限公司companylimitedbyshares

無限公司unlimitedcompany

股份兩合公司jointstocklimitedliabilitypartnership

兩合公司jointliabilitycompany

控股公司holdingcompany

集團公司groupcompany

合資公司jointventurecompany

聯(lián)營公司associatedcompany;affiliatedcompany

國營公司state-owncompany

國有公司state-ownedcompany

民營公司civilian-runcompany

本國公司national/domesticcompany

外國公司foreigncompany

上市公司listedcompany

母公司parentcompany

子公司subsidiary

皮包公司briefcasecompany;fundlesscompany

募集設立incorporationbystockfloatation

發(fā)起人floater;initiator

公司名稱nameofcompany

公司住址domicileofcompany

出資contribution;capitalsubscription

現(xiàn)金出資investmentincash

實物出資investmentinkind

工業(yè)產(chǎn)權出資investmentinindustrialpropertyright

非專有技術出資investmentinnon-patenttechnology

勞務出資investmentinlabor

高新技術成果出資investmentinhi-techachievements

注冊資本registeredcapital

實繳資本paid-incapital

驗資報告capitalverificationreport

會計師事務所certifiedpublicaccountants

注冊會計師certifiedpublicaccountant

資本三原則threedoctrineofcapital

資本確定原則doctrineofcapitaldetermination

資本維持原則doctrineofcapitalmaintenance

資本不變原則doctrineofunchangingcapital

最低資本額制度minimumcapitalsystem

公司章程articlesofassociation;articlesofincorporation;bylaw

公司登記incorporation;corporateregistration

公司存續(xù)existenceofcompany

公司合并分立mergerandsplitofcompany

公司并購corporatemergerandacquisition

公司管理corporategovernance;companymanagement

公司法律顧問corporatecounsel

公司整頓companyrectification

公司歇業(yè)closureofbusiness

公司和解companycomposition

公司解散companydissolution

公司清算companyliquidation

公司清理companywinding-up

競業(yè)禁止non-commpete;competitionprohibition

招股章程prospectus

股本stockcapital

股東shareholder

股東大會shareholders’meeting

股東大會決議resolutionofshareholders’meeting

股東大會議事規(guī)則ruleofprocedureofshareholders’meeting

表決權votingright;righttovote

董事director

法律翻譯公司

董事長president/chairmanoftheboard

首席執(zhí)行官chiefexecutiveofficer(CEO)

首席運營官chiefoperationofficer(COO)

執(zhí)行董事executivedirector

常務董事managingdirector

董事會boardofdirectors

董事會領導下的經(jīng)理負責制responsibilitysystemofthechiefexecutiveofficerundertheleadershipoftheboardofdirectors

經(jīng)理獨立負責制managerindependentresponsibilitysystem

監(jiān)事supervisor

監(jiān)事會boardofsupervisors

股share;stock

普通股commonstock

特別股specialstock

資格股qualificationstock

優(yōu)先股preferredstock

劣后股inferiorstock

表決權股stockwithvotingpower

溢價股premiumstock

折價股convertingstock

國家股state-ownedshare

集體股collectiveshare法人股corporateshare

企業(yè)股enterpriseshare

個人股individualshare

股息dividend

紅股bonusstock;dividendstock

法定公積金legalaccumulationfund

資本公積金capitalaccumulationfund

盈余公積金surplusaccumulationfund

任意公積金optionalaccumulationfund

公司犯罪corporatecrime

證券法securitieslaw

證券發(fā)行issuanceofsecurities

證券上市l(wèi)istsecurities;floatanissue

證券交易所stockexchange

證券商securitiesdealer

證券公司securitiescompany

證券承銷商consortiumofunderwriters

證券承銷合同underwritingcontract

證券經(jīng)紀人securitiesbroker

披露制度disclosingsystem

交割日closingdate

風險投資基金venturecapitalfund

上海證券交易所ShanghaiStockExchange

深圳證券交易所ShenzhenStockExchange

證券監(jiān)督委員會securitiessupervisioncommittee

票據(jù)法lawofnegotiableinstrument

票據(jù)notes;bills;commercialinstruments

商業(yè)票據(jù)bill;commercialinstrument

遠期票據(jù)timebill;;long-datedbill

到期票據(jù)maturedbill

即期票據(jù)sightbill

記名票據(jù)billpayabletoorder;notetoorder

不記名票據(jù)bearerinstrument

本票promissorynote

支票cheque

匯票billofexchange

發(fā)票日ticketday

出票日dateofdraft/issue

發(fā)票地placeofdraft/issue

票據(jù)到期日billtomature

票據(jù)金額sumofbill

票面價額facevalue

票據(jù)出票人drawer

票據(jù)持票人billholder

票據(jù)承兌人billacceptor

票據(jù)行為actoncommercialpaper

承兌票據(jù)honorabill

票據(jù)議付negotiation

拒付票據(jù)protestabill

票據(jù)付款人drawee

票據(jù)支付人payeroncommercialinstrument

票據(jù)收款人billcollector

票據(jù)背書人endorser/indorserofabill

被背書人endorsee

票據(jù)保證人billguarantor

票據(jù)被保證人billpledgee/warrantee

再追索人renewedrecourser

前手remoteholder

后手subsequentendorser

票據(jù)權利rightofbill

票據(jù)期限termofbill;tenor

票據(jù)債務