交換機(jī)快速生成樹協(xié)議配置

交換機(jī)生成樹協(xié)議配置實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模豪斫馍蓸鋮f(xié)議工作原理；掌握快速生成樹協(xié)議的配置方法。實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境：操作系統(tǒng)：windowsXPprofessionalSP3Cisco公司開發(fā)的packettracer軟件平臺。實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟：1.打開ciscopackettracer軟件平臺，構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)鋱D，如圖1.1；其中兩臺普通臺式機(jī)的FastEthernet端口分別與兩臺2960交換機(jī)的FastEthernetO/7端口用雙絞線連接，兩臺交換機(jī)再用雙絞線連接，端口號對應(yīng)都是fastEthernet0/1、FastEhernet0/2。2.配置PC1的IPAdd^ssi192.168.0.7，SubnetMask：255.255.255.0Gateway：192.168.0.1上厶2960-24TT 2960-24TT2.PC2的IP嘉d^s：192.168.0.17,Subnet喰住255?255.255.0Gateway：192.168.0.1此時(shí)兩臺主機(jī)是已經(jīng)彼此連通，可用ping此時(shí)兩臺主機(jī)是已經(jīng)彼此連通，可用ping命令檢測，如圖1.2；圖1.2交換機(jī)之間經(jīng)過傳送BPDU協(xié)議單元選出跟交換機(jī)和根端口，以確定各端口的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)狀態(tài)。有圖1.1可看出兩臺交換機(jī)相連之間的四個(gè)端口有三個(gè)是“綠色的”，即處于轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)，還有一個(gè)端口是“紅色的”，即處于堵塞狀態(tài)。一般交換的的生成樹協(xié)議是開啟的，生成樹協(xié)議的開啟保證了交換機(jī)之間的物理環(huán)路的斷開，在邏輯上讓一個(gè)端口處于“堵塞狀態(tài)”備用，這樣避免了網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的廣播風(fēng)暴；當(dāng)原來的網(wǎng)絡(luò)不通時(shí)，即啟用備用的堵塞端口，并進(jìn)行重新選舉根交換機(jī)和根端口。但是，要更改生成樹協(xié)議為快速生成樹協(xié)議，需要手動進(jìn)行配置。對兩個(gè)交換機(jī)都進(jìn)行配置快速生成樹協(xié)議，步驟相同如下：首先劃分fastEthernetO/7端口到vlan2(即portvlan)如圖1.3；然后設(shè)置fastEthernetO/1-2兩個(gè)端口為trunk端口(即tagvlan),如圖1.4；最后更改生成樹協(xié)議為“快速生成樹協(xié)議”，如圖1.5。勺Switch1匚口IQSCommandLineInterfacecopyPastePhysicmlConfigEntertonfi?T-irationci：niii￡La￡i,dsoneperline-EndwithCNTL/E.Switch(config-if)#suitchport?tn.uikingniodeinterfaceSwitch(config-if)#suitchportacccess?%UnrecoijRiizedcohullandSwitch(config-if)#suit.chport-access?Switch(config-f)switchportaccessvlaiiZSwitch(config-iaccessSetaccessmodecharacteristicsoftheinterface勺Switch1匚口IQSCommandLineInterfacecopyPastePhysicmlConfigEntertonfi?T-irationci：niii￡La￡i,dsoneperline-EndwithCNTL/E.Switch(config-if)#suitchport?tn.uikingniodeinterfaceSwitch(config-if)#suitchportacccess?%UnrecoijRiizedcohullandSwitch(config-if)#suit.chport-access?Switch(config-f)switchportaccessvlaiiZSwitch(config-iaccessSetaccessmodecharacteristicsoftheinterfacemodeSettn.uikingillodeoftheinterfaceSettn.uikingnativecharacteristicswheninterfaceisinDevicewillnotengageinnegotiationprotoco1onthispurt-securitySecurityrelatedcuiLLmaiidprioritytn.uikSettn.uikingcharacteristicsoftheinterfaceVoiceapp1iaiiceattributesvlaiiSetVLAflwheninterfaceisinacc圖1.3圖1.4VLAI-I0001默認(rèn)的生成樹協(xié)議的“重新選舉時(shí)間”要比快速生成樹協(xié)議的“重新選舉時(shí)間”長?？捎腥缦聢D1.3與1.4對比可知：（檢測網(wǎng)絡(luò)物理鏈路端口后，交換機(jī)進(jìn)行重新選舉的時(shí)間可有requesttimeout的請求發(fā)送條數(shù)顯示表明。）777777777CommandPromptReplyfrom19Z.163.0.7:bT,rr.es=3Ztime=93msTTL=1ZSPhysicalConfigDesktopPhysicalConfigDesktopPOping-t19Z.16S.0.7Pinging19Z_16S_0-7with3Zbytesofdata:Replyfrom19Z_16S_0_7:bytes=3Ztime=94msTTL=1ZSPingstatisticsfor19Z_16S_0_7:Approximateroundtriptimesinmilli-seconds:Hinimum=93msFMaximum=145msFAverage=106msRequesttimedout-Requesttimedout-Requesttimedout-Requesttimedout-Requesttimedout-Requesttimedout-Replyfrom19Z.16S.0.7Replyfrom19Z.16S.0.7Replyfrom19Z.16S.0.7Replyfrom19Z.16S.0.7CommandPromptPOping-t19Z.16S.0.7777777777CommandPromptReplyfrom19Z.163.0.7:bT,rr.es=3Ztime=93msTTL=1ZSPhysicalConfigDesktopPhysicalConfigDesktopPOping-t19Z.16S.0.7Pinging19Z_16S_0-7with3Zbytesofdata:Replyfrom19Z_16S_0_7:bytes=3Ztime=94msTTL=1ZSPingstatisticsfor19Z_16S_0_7:Approximateroundtriptimesinmilli-seconds:Hinimum=93msFMaximum=145msFAverage=106msRequesttimedout-Requesttimedout-Requesttimedout-Requesttimedout-Requesttimedout-Requesttimedout-Replyfrom19Z.16S.0.7Replyfrom19Z.16S.0.7Replyfrom19Z.16S.0.7Replyfrom19Z.16S.0.7CommandPromptPOping-t19Z.16S.0.7Pinging19Z_168_0_7with3Zbytesofdata:19Z.16S.019Z.16S.019Z.16S.019Z.16S.0time=7Sm.E19Z.16S.019Z.16S.019Z.16S.019Z.16S.0time=93m.stime=9Zm.stime=6Zm.sPingstatisticsfor19Z_16S_0_7:Packets:Sent=4FReceived=4FLost=0(0%loss)FApproximateroundtriptimesinmilli-seconds:Hinimum=6ZmsfMaximum=94msfAverage=SZms圖1.4快速生成樹協(xié)議四、實(shí)驗(yàn)總結(jié)：快速生成樹協(xié)議進(jìn)行新的選舉過程的確要優(yōu)于交換機(jī)默認(rèn)的生成樹協(xié)議。在設(shè)置快速生成樹協(xié)議的過程中，剛完成其中一個(gè)交換機(jī)的配置時(shí)，ping是斷開的（出現(xiàn)requesttimeout），在給第二臺交