叉車充電站規(guī)劃設計技術要求Batterychargingroomrequirement200510

液態(tài)鉛酸電池充電站計劃Planingofchargingstations

forliquidacidPb-batteries林德■廈門叉車有限公司Linde-XiamenForkLiftTruckCo.,Ltd2002.11Planingofcha單mgstationsfbiliquidacidPb-battenes液態(tài)鉛酸電池充電站計劃目錄Content充電站的定義和說明Definitionsanddescriptionsofchargingstations 電池房Battery-Rooms 電池充電站Batterychargingstations 建筑結構Buildingconstruction 充電站內的車輛空間Truckplaceinchargingstations 電池房的空間Placeinbatteryrooms 地板條件Floorcondition 電氣安裝Electricalinstallation 視在功率ApparentPower 取暖Heating 充電機Charger 通風Ventilation 總則General 根據(jù)DINVDE0510計算CalculationaccordingDINVDE0510 必要的空閑房屋空間計算Calculationofthenecessaryfreeroomspace 必要的空氣流量計算Calculationofthenecessaryvolumeofairflow 通風結構Constructionofaventilation 房屋MS和氣候Roomtemperatureandclimate 加水Watertopping 搬運電池Batterychangingarrangements 起重設備和貨車CraneEquipmentsandchanginglorries 維護和維修地方Maintenanceandrepairplaces 和規(guī)定Labelsandregulations 急救措施Firstaid 重要的規(guī)范和規(guī)定Importantnormsandregulations 2/13PlaningofchainingstationsfbiliquidacidPb-batteiies液態(tài)鉛酸電池充電站計劃.充電站的定義和說明Definitionsandregulationsofchargingstations電池房Battery-Rooms:電池房是一種專門給電池充電和儲存電池的房屋，也可以將充電機安裝在電池房內。Abatteryroomisaspecialroomforchargingandstoringbatteries,intheseroomsalsothechargerscouldbeinstalled.12電池充電站Batterychargingstations:電池充電站是一種專門房屋，在屋內，可以給裝在車輛上的電池充電也可以給1.1所述的電池充電。Abatterychargingstationisaspecialroomforchargingbatterieswhichareinstalledinthetrucksandalsochargingbatteriesaccording1.1.總之先要決定是否應該建立『Il池房或充電站，大多數(shù)情況下兩班或三班工作制運行應該有電池房，充電機前放有正常充好電和正在充電的電池。在充電站里，正常情況下裝在車輛中的電池和充電機相接，以上兩種充電方式都可以放在一間房中。Generalistodecideifabatteryroomorabatterychargingstationshouldbesetup.Mostlyabatteryroomisnecessaryatatwoorthreeshiftoperation,normallyrechargedbatteriesandbatteriesunderchargestandinfrontofonecharger.Inbatterychargingstationsnormallytruckswithinstalledbatteriesareconnectedtothechargers.Alsobothdifferentversionscouldbeinstalledinoneroom.重要的是房屋是否是一個有人負責對電池管理、維護和充電的工作場所。這樣必須有專門規(guī)定，如：燈光、噪音、溫度、氣體釋放等等，是否還要有附加等候室、清洗室和休息室。Importantisiftheroomisaworkingplacewherepersonsareinchargetooptainandmaintainandchangebatteries.Inthiscasespecialregulationsforworkingplacesarenecessary,forexamplequestionsaboutlight,noise,temperature,gas-emissionandsoon,additionalwaitingrooms,washroomsandrestroomshadtobeinstalled..建筑結構Buildingconstructions充電站里的車輛空間Truckplaceinchargingstations總則General充電站的平面空間取決于充電站規(guī)模和車輛種類，而且根據(jù)VDI2197,2198和2199或國家特殊標準計算車輛進、出和轉彎的必備空間。Thenecessarysquaremetersofchargingstationsdependsinthemainpartofthekindofchargingstationandthetrucks,alsothenecessaryspacefordriveinandoutandturnaroundwiththetrucksmustbecalculatedaccordingtheregulationVDI2197,2198and2199orspecialnationalnorms.實際可以用15m2計算，重要的是：車輛的種類和外形尺寸每個車型的車輛數(shù)量車輛總數(shù)量充電機的數(shù)量和種類車輛占據(jù)的面積（寬和深）車輛高3/13

PlaningofchainingstationsfbiliquidacidPb-batteiies液態(tài)鉛酸電池充電站計劃Inpracticeyoucancalculatewith15m2squaremeters,importantare:kindandlargenessofthetrucksquantityoftrucksofeachtrucktypetotalquantityoftrucksquantityandtypeofchargersthestandsquaremetersofthetruck（wideanddeep）highofthetruck車輛附加的占地面積，必須將車輛周圍空間0.6m和充電機到電池間1m的距離計算在內。Additionaltothestandsquaremetersofthetrucksanecessaryspacearoundthetruckof0,6metersandadistancechargertobatteryof1metermustbecalculated.車輛到充電機和存儲的貨物之間最小距離：Minimumdistancesoftruckstochargersandstoredgoods充電機A 充電機BchargerchargerA B最少最少0,6meter最少1meter最少2,5meter最少5meter最少2metera）車輛周圍必備空間necessaryspacearoundthetruckb）電池和充電機間必備距離necessarydistancebetweenbatteryandchargerc）到易燃品的必備距離necessarydistancetoinflammablestoredgoodsd）到易爆品的必備距離necessarydistancetoexplosivematerial必備高度（取決于車輛）necessaryhighoftheplace（dependsofthetrucks）4/13

PlaningofchainingstationsfbiliquidacidPb-battenes液態(tài)鉛酸電池充電站計劃充電站的房屋布局Roomarrangementatachargingstation相對放置的車輛間必備距離應該是車輛轉動空間的一半(Wa)加上0.6m(B=Wa+0,6m)necessarydistancebetweentheoppositeplacedtruckshouldbethehalfoftheturnaroundspace(Wa)ofthetruckplus0,6meter(B=Wa+0,6m)電池房的空間Placeinbatteryrooms電池充電房的必要面積取決于電池、充電機、起重設備或運輸充放電電池的車輛的種類、數(shù)量和大小。Inbatterychargingroomsthenecessarysquaremetersdependsofthequantityandthelargenessofthebatteriesandthechargersandofthekindofcraneorthechange-wagontohandletherechargedandthedischargedbatteries實際上，可以用7m2計算Inpracticeyoucancalculatewith7m2每個充電機前必須計算出必備空間，以放置兩個電池加上電池之間最少0.2m的通風空間。Infrontofeachchargerthenecessaryplacemustbecalculatedfortwobatteriesplusadistanceofminimum0,2meterbetweenthebatteriestohaveagoodventilationduringcharge.放電池的托架必須以最重的電池考慮計算，并且與地隔離。Batterybanksmustbecalculatedfortheheaviestbatteryandmustbeisolatedagainsttheground.5/13PlaningofchainingstationsfbiliquidacidPb-battenes液態(tài)鉛酸電池充電站計劃充電機前面板到電池的最短距離(a)為0.5m,電池到溫度超過200C的加熱裝置最短距離為2.5m。Theminimumdistance(a)ofthechargerfrontpaneltothebatteryis0,5meterandminimum2,5meterbetweenbatteryandheatingsystemswithatemperaturemorethan200C地板要求Floorconditions地板上應該蓋有一層防酸材料壓強 >8N/mm抗酸腐蝕 抗硫酸H2SO4(50%)泄漏電阻 <108ohm絕緣:阻抗 >100kohm培血漏電阻 v108ohm(電池周圍1.5m。)絕緣:阻抗 >100kohm(電池周圍1.5m。)屋頂抗酸腐蝕 抗硫酸t(yī)H2SO4(50%)地板必須有一個最小0.25m3坑，其周圍斜度為1%。Thefloorshouldbecoveredwithanacidresistantmaterial:PressuresolidityAcidsolidityDivertresistanceIsolationresistance>8N/mmagainstH2so4(50%)<108ohm>100kohmWallsDivertresistanceIsolationresistance<108ohm(onlyaroundtheplaceofthebatteries(1,5m)>100kohm(onlyaroundtheplaceofthebatteries(1,5m)RoofsAcidsolidityagainstH2so4(50%)ThefloormusthaveaGradientof1%toapitofminimum0,25m3. 電氣安裝Electricalinstallation總則General按照DINVDE0100或專門國家標準或根據(jù)充電機供貨商的說明進行電氣安裝，應具有市電電源斷路器、為每個充電機安裝帶慢動作熔絲的電源斷路器或電機電路自動空氣開關。應該具有通風并規(guī)定：只有工作通風時才能充電。TheelectricalinstallationistobedoneaccordingDINVDE0100orspecialnationalnormswithamainswitchpowerbreakerandeachchargerwithapowerbreakerwithslowactingfusesorautomaticbreakersformotor-ratedcircuitsaccordingthetechnicalinstructionsofthesupplierofthechargers.Withaventilationitshouldbeinstalledaregulationthatonlywithaworkingventilationachargeispossible視在功率Apparentpower視在功率計算必須包括下列項目：充電機加熱系統(tǒng)通風照明6/13

PlaningofchainingstationsfbiliquidacidPb-batteiies液態(tài)鉛酸電池充電站計劃Forthecalculationoftheapparentpowerthefollowingcomponentsmustbeincluded:chargersheatingsystemsventilationillumination充電機1到n的視在功率計算：根據(jù)供貨商的信息，功率P1,P2，.…PnP(總功率)=(P1+P2+...Pn)xaa=因數(shù)，所有充電機都工作(一般為0,8)Calculationoftheapparentpowerofthechargers1ton:PoweraccordingtheinformationofthesupplierP1,P2,....PnP(total)=(P1+P2+...Pn)xaa=factorifallchargersareinfunction(typical0,8)對于充電機，效率和功率因數(shù)cosphi同樣重要，典型計算:充電機技術/曲線效率cosphi50Hz■充電機/Wa,WoWa75%0,750Hz■充電機/lUla85%0,7HF-充電機/lUla90%0,95Forthechargersalsotheefficiencyetaandthepowerfactorcosphiareimportanttypicalcalculationchargetechnique/curveetacosphi50Hz-charger/Wa,WoWa75%0,750Hz-charger/lUla85%0,7HF-charger/lUla90%0,953.2加l熱Heating加熱功率取決于房屋種類和大小，與充電機和電池的發(fā)熱成反比。KiixQexLFxnxUm

E= KiixQexLFxnxUm

E= etax1000E 視在功率apparentpower[kWh]Kii 額定容量nominalcapacity[AllK5]Qe 放電等級dischargegrade[%]LF 充電系數(shù)chargefactorn 單體電池數(shù)量numbeiofcellsU 中負載電壓middleloadvoltage [V/Z]eta 充電機效率efficiencyofthechaiger1000kWh轉換Whcalculationof[Wh]in[kWh]充電能量計算例如電池充電能量計算例如電池充電機總能量:消耗的負載能量損失能量Calculationofthechargeenergy48V750Ah,放電等級80%輸出曲線WoWa,負載系數(shù)1,2中負載電壓2,4V/Z效率80%64,8kWh（所有充電機有功功率）51,8kWh13,0kWh（可用于加熱）7/13

7/13PlaningofchainingstationsfbiliquidacidPb-batteiies液態(tài)鉛酸電池充電站計劃ExampleBatteryChargerTotalenergy:consumedloadenergyLostenergy48V750Ah,dischargegrade80%outputcurveWoWa,loadfactorl,2middleloadvoltage2,4V/ZefficiencyBatteryChargerTotalenergy:consumedloadenergyLostenergy64,8kWh(apparentpowerofallchargers)51,8kWh13,0kWh(usableforheating)充電機Chargers為了選擇正確的充電機，必須要知道電池型號?、電池種類、額定電壓、額定容量和根據(jù)工種、單班、兩班或三班決定的充電時間。充電機根據(jù)外形大小既可以墻上安裝也可以地面安裝。為了良好通風充電機之間最小0.2m間距很重要。為便于方便操作，應該選擇好安裝充電機的高度。任何與水有關的安裝必須在充電機下面。Toselectthecorrectchargersitisnecessarytoknowthebatterytype,thekindofbattery,thenominalvoltage,thenominalcapacityandthechargingtimedependingofthekindofworking,singleshiftortwo,threeshiftoperation.Thechargersareeitherwallmountedorfloormounteddependingofthelargenessofthechargers.Importantisalsoadistancebetweenthechargersofminimum0,2metertogetagoodventilationoftheair.Themountinghighshouldbeselectedthatagoodoperationwiththechargersispossible.Anyinstallationofwatermustbebelowthechargers.Exampleforwallmountedchargers例如，墻上安裝充電機:18oomm?一i|ALGTyp1553mm>500mm保護斜坡8/13CEE32CEE16Schuko18oomm?一i|ALGTyp1553mm>500mm保護斜坡8/13CEE32CEE16Schuko100mmPlaningofcha單mgstationsfbiliquidacidPb-battenes液態(tài)鉛酸電池充電站計劃通風Ventilation總則General因為電解液的水分離在電池腔內形成氫氧混合氣體，這個過程是在接近電池充電結束時?，即電池過充時發(fā)生的，超過過充電壓就開始放氣階段。要設計電池充電房和充電站有足夠的自然通風，如果需要強迫通風，就應該在始開充電時接通通風裝置，進風盡可能的接近地面，經(jīng)過電池然后盡可能高的從對面排出。Abatterycabformagasmixtureofhydrogenandoxygenduetotheelectrolyticdecompositionofwater.Thisgasdevelopsparticularlytowardstheendofbatterychargingorifthebatteryisovercharged.Itisatitgreatestabovethevoltageatwhichgassingstarts.Batterychargingroomsandbatterychargingstationsshallwherepossiblebedesignedsothatthenaturalventilationissufficient.Ifartificialventilationisnecessary,itshallbeensuredthattheventilationisswitchedonwhilstchargingistakenplace.Theinletairshallenterascloseaspossibletotheground,passoverthebatteriesandescapeashighaspossibleontheoppositeside.根據(jù)DINVDE0510第三部分計算CalculationaccordingDINVDE0510part3電池充電房和充電站的通風，在充電時要考慮到至少有足夠的空氣流量Q,Q由以下公式?jīng)Q定：TheventilationofbatteryroomsandchargingstationsisregardedasadequateifduringchargingatleastthevolumeofairflowQ,determinedaccordingtothefollowingequation,isguaranteed.Q[m/h]=vxqxsxnxl這里where:Q 空氣流量m3/hisavolumeofairflowinm3/hv 稀釋系數(shù)，氫/空氣混合物在較低的爆炸限度時，空氣和氫氣體積之比(96%空氣/4%氫氣=24)isthedilutionfactorwhichisequaltotheratiooftheamountbyvolumeofairandhydrogenattheatthelowerexplosionlimitofthehydrogen/airmixture(96%Luft/4%H2=24)q 氫氣體積流量，與一個單體電池在0C和1013Pa時電解液Ah每A每h的電流強度有關isthevolumetricflowofhydrogenrelativetothestrengthofthecurrentwhichat0Cand1013hPadevelopsinonecellperAandperhduetoelectrolysisAh(0,42E-3m/h)S 安全系數(shù)=5(船舶核潛艇=10)safetyfactor=5(shipsandsubmarines=10)n 單體電池數(shù)量isthenumberofcellsI 產(chǎn)生氫氣的電流安培數(shù)isthecurrentlevelinAwhichcausesthedevelopmentofhydrogen電流工的指導數(shù)GuidevaluesforcurrentIChargingcharacteristiccurve充電特性曲線currentlevel1per100Ahnominalcapacity每100Ah額定容量電流IWa-特性characteristic(4A/100Ah)Wsa-特性characteristic(6A/100Ah)WoWa-特性characteristic(4A/100Ah)IU-到2.4V/Z的特性Ill-characteristicupto2,4V/Z(2A/100Ah)IUI-特性characteristic(5A/100Ah)IU-至ij2.25V/Z的特性Ill-characteristicupto2,25V/Z1A9/1310PlaningofchainingstationsfbiliquidacidPb-battenes液態(tài)鉛酸電池充電站計劃10Q[m/h]=0,05xnxI[A](vxqxs=0,05共計together)必備的空閑房屋空間計算*Calculationofthenecessaryfreeroomspace*:正常情況下，如果房屋足夠大，不必對充電房和充電站加專門通風，公式如下：Normallyatbatteryroomsandchargingstationsnospecialventilationisnecessaryifthehallsarelargeenough,theformulais:V=Qx2,5m寬wideL:伸deepB:高highH:m(LxBxH)體積volumeV:m(LxBxH)*不包含充電機體積、電池體積和其他'brut,withoutcharger-volume,battery-volumeandothers例如：對具有WoWa特性曲線的充電機：對于這種特性已經(jīng)計算出每100All的電流為4A。ExampleforachargerwithWoWacharacteristic:Atthesecharacteristicthecalculationistobedonewithacurrentof4Aforeach100Ahbatterycapacity所充電池為：Batterieswhichwillberecharged:10個帶有48V/400Ah的電池TOC\o"1-5"\h\z電池數(shù)量 10額定電壓 48每個電池所含單體電池 24總單體電池數(shù) 240額定容量 400放氣電流(A/100Ah): 4總放氣電流(A/400Ah): 1610batterieswith48V/400AhQuantityofbatteries 10Nominalvoltage 48Numberofcellsperbattery 24Totalnumberofcells 240Nominalcapacity 400Gassingcurrent(A/1OOAh): 4Totalgassingcurrent(A/400Ah): 16Q[m/h] =0,05xnxI=0,05x240x16Q =192m/h10/13

11PlaningofchainingstationsfbiliquidacidPb-battenes液態(tài)鉛酸電池充電站計劃11如果用2.5xQ計算不需要專門的通風，空閑房屋空間要足夠大。Afreenetroomspaceisenough,toworkwithoutventilation,ifthecalculationisdonewith2,5xQ2,5xQ=2,5x192=480m對于空閑房屋空間480m3來說，550rrP充電房足夠大。Achargingroomwith550m3islargeenoughifthefreenetspaceis480m3.例如,房屋可以選用wxdxh:10x10x5.5mHallforexamplewxdxh:10x10x5,5m對于一個充電房內所有電池都要進行這樣的計算，即必須加入單個流量：Thiscalculationhastobedoneforallbatteriesinachargingroom,thatmeansthesinglevolumesofairflowhadtobeadded.總的Q=Q1..Qn之和二VQtotal=sumQ1..Qn=V空氣通風的構成Constructionofaventilation專用電池充電房和充電站。Specialforbatteryroomsandchargingstations空氣air室溫和氣候Roomtemperatureandclimate（同樣見3.2點"取暖”seealsochapter3.2heating）充電站應該具有+10C到+25C的室溫和干燥環(huán)境，以保證充電機和電池壽命。如果這些環(huán)境條件不能滿足，就要配備一些設備如：對充電機用空調，對電池用加熱電纜。設備的供貨商可以提供相關信息。Achargingstationshouldhavearoomtemperaturebetween+10and+25Candadryenvironmenttosolvethelifetimeofchargersandbatteries.Aretheseclimateconditionsnottorealisesotheusedequipmenthadtobefitoutforexampleairconditionforthechargersorheatingtablesforthebatteries.Forthisthesupplieroftheequipmentcangiveinformation's.11/13

PlaningofchainingstationsfbiliquidacidPb-batteiies液態(tài)鉛酸電池充電站計劃12加水12Watertopping帶液態(tài)電解液的電池，由于充電時會引起放氣過程而失去水分，必須再加水，根據(jù)DIN43530或國標必須加蒸儲水，一般的水會破壞電池。由充電極控制的不需維護的自動加水系統(tǒng)對電池加水有益，在充電結束前的適當時間進行短時加水，電池必須有專門的添滿巴關閉裝置oH動加水系統(tǒng)的壓力應該是：最小0.2bar最大1bar、2到10米，詢問電池供貨商有關加水系統(tǒng)的正確計劃。Batterieswithliquidelectrolytelostwatercauseofthegassingduringcharge,thismustberefilled.ThereforitmustbeuseddistilledwateraccordingDIN43530ornationalnorms,normalwaterdestroyedthebattery.Automaticallywatertoppingsystemswithoutanymaintainholdgoodcausecontrolledbythechargertherefillingofwatertakesplaceatthecorrecttimeshortlybeforethechargewillbefinished.Batteriesmusthavespecialselfclosingcrams.Thepressureoftheautomaticallywatertoppingsystemshouldhaveminimum0,2andmaximum1bar,especially2to10meter.Askabatterysupplierforthecorrectplanningofawatertoppingsystem.搬運電池Bat