2015年同等學力英語真題

2015年同等學力英語一卷部PartIOralCommunication(10points)SectionADirections:Inthissectiontherearetwo pletedialoguesandeachdialoguehasthreeblanksandthreechoicesA,BandC,takenfromthedialogue.FillineachoftheblankswithoneofthechoicestocompletethedialogueandmarkyouranserontheAnswerDoyouknowwhatahandicappedspaceThesigns lyouhowlongyoucanparkthereandonwhatThenyoualsoneedtobeawareofthetimelimitsonthestreetStudent:Can lmewhereIcanClerk:Areyoudrivingamotorcycleoranautomoile?Student:Idriveanauto.Clerk:Fine.Youcaneitherparkinthestudentlotoronthe Student:Yes,IhaveseenthoseClerk:Well,whenyouseethebluespotswiththehandicappedsign,donotparkthereunlessyouhaveaspeciapermit.Areyougoingtobeparkinginthedaytimeorevening?Student:Iparkinhe Haveyousenthossigns?Student:Yes,Ihaveseenthosesigns.Cle ThehoursandlimitationsareprintedonthecardandthisMayIhaveyourdriver’slicense,Areyoufamiliarwithourrulesandfines?Student:Excuseme.Iaminterestedingettingalibrarycard.Librarian:Sure,letmegiveyouanapplication.Youcanfillitoutrighthereatthecounter.Student:Thankyou.I’lldoitrightnow.Librarian:Letmetakealookatthisforyou, Student:Hereitis.Librarian:Youseemtohavefilledtheformoutallright. Student:Yes,Iknowwhattodo. Student:Ok,ILibrarian:Thankyouforjoiningthelibrary,welookforwardtoservingSectionDirections:Inthissectionthereisone pleteinterviewwhichhasfourblanksandfourchoicesA,B,CandD,takenfromtheinterview.FillineachoftheblankswithoneofthechoicestocompletetheinterviewandmakyouranswerontheAnswersheet.AndfooledtheboysforaAndIdon’tthinktheboyhaveWell,it’sbecausemyBritishAllthistimeIthoughtyouwereWinfrey:So,thisisthefirsttimewe’vemet.Rowling:Yes,itis.Winfrey:AndmyproducerslmethatyourrealnameisJ.O. Rowling:（laughing）YeahWinfrey:J.K.Rowling:8Whenthefirstbookcameout,theythought‘thisisabookthatwillappealtoboys’,buttheydidn’twanttheboystoknowawomanhadwrittenit.Sotheysaidtome’couldweuseyourinitials’andIsaid‘fine’.Ionlyhaveoneinitial.Idon’thavemiddlename.SoItookmyfavoritegrandmother’sname, Rowling:Yeah,butnotfortoolong,becauseIstartedgettingmypictureinthepressandnoonecouldpretendIwasamananymore. Rowling:No–ithasn’theldmeback,hasPartIIVocabulary(10Directions:Inthisparttherearetensentences,eachwithonewordorphraseunderlined.ChoosetheonefromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDthatbestkeepsthemeaningofthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.ThereareseveraldifferentoptionsforgettingInternetA. B. C. D.Earthhasanatmosphere,whichprotectsthesurfacefromharmfulA. B. C. D.ThemanagergaveoneofthesalesgirlsanaccusinglookforherhostileattitudetowardA. B. C. D.Sinceitislatetochangemymindnow,IamresolvedtocarryouttheA. B. C. D.Securityguardsdispersedthecrwdthathadgatheredaroundthe B C. D.TostarttheprograminserthedikandfollowtheA.ake B.turn C.track D.putThepatientsconditionhasdeterioratedsincelastA. B. C. D.Icouldn’taffordtoflyhome,andatrainticketwaslikewisemyA. B. C. D.Despiteyearsofsearching,scientistshavedetectednosignsoflifeourownsolarA. B. C. D.IpreferchickentofishbecauseIamworriedaboutaccidentallyswallowingasmallA. B. C. D.PartIIIReadingComprehension(25points)SectionADirections:Inthissection,therearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinihedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerndmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.PassageSometimesaraceisnotenough.Sometimesarunnerjustwantstogourther.That’swhathappenedtoDennisMartinandBrooksCurran.Martin,68,aretireddetectivefromNewYokCitytookuprunningafterhisfirstwifedied.Curran,46,aphilanthropist(慈善家)fromAlexandria,startedrunningtogetoutofthehouseandcollectherthoughts.BothsheandMartingotgoodatrunningbutfeltthedesiretodomore.“ThemoreItrained,thebetterIgo”Curransaid,“butIwouldcrossthefinishlinewithnosenseofonothercontinents.Nowbothhaveachievedanotable—andincreasinglylessrare—tone：runningthe26.2raconallsevencontinents.attheinersectionofathleticismandleisure:“runcations,”whichcombinedistancerunningwithtraveltoexoticces.Thesetrips,asexpensiveastheyarephysicallychallenging,areagrowingandcompetitivemarketinthetravelindustry.“Intheeginning,runningwasenough,“saidSteenAlbrech,apressmanager.“Theclassicmarathonwastheultimategoal,thencamethesupermarathons,likeLondonandNewYork.Butwhen90,000peopleayearcantakethatchallenge,itisnolongerexcitingandadventurous.Hence,thesearchfornewadventuresbegan.“Noonecouldeverhaveimaginedthatrunningwould ethelifestyleactivitythatitistoday,”saidThomGilligan,founderandofBoston-basedMarathonToursandTravel.Gilligan,whohasbeeninbusinesssince1979,ispartlyresponsiblefortheseven-continentItstartedwithacasualtalktoaninterviewerabouthis offeringtripstoeverycontinentexceptAntarctica.Andthenin1995,MarathonTourshosteditsfirstAntarcticaMarathononKingGeorgeIsland,offthetipoftheAntarcticPeninsula:160runnersgottothestartinglineofadirt-andice-trailrouteviaaRussianicebreakerthroughtheDrakePassageAtthebeginning,Martintookuprunningjust meetrequirementsofhiswinarunningjoininaphilanthropicgetawayfromhisMartinandCurranarementionedasgoodexamples winnersinthe raceonallsevencontinpeoplewhoenjoylongrunningasalifestylerunningracerssatisfiedwiththeirownpoldpeoplewholiveanactivelifeafterAnewtrendinthetravlindustryisthedevelopment challengingprofessionalAntarcticatravelexpensiveTheclssicmarathonnolongersatisfiessomepeople A.idoesnotprovideenoughitmaybetoughanditinvolvestoofierceaithasattractedtoomanyThefirstAntarcticaMarathononKingGeorgeIslandindicates internationalcooperationisamusttosuchanruncationsareexpensiveandphysicallyMarathonToursisaleaderofthetraveladventurousrunning eincreasinglyPassageBeforethe1970s,collegestudentsweretreatedaschildren.Somanycollegesraninlocoparentissystem.“Inlocoparentis”isaLatintermmeaning.“Intheceofaparent.”Itdescribeswhensomeoneelseacceptsresponsibilitytoactintheinterestsofachild.ThisideadevelopedlongagoinBritishcommonlawtodefinetheresponsibilityofteacherstowardtheirstudents.Foryears,AmericancourtsupheldinLocoparentisincasessuchasGottversusBereaCollegein1913.Gottownedarestaurantoffcampus.Bereathreatenedtoexpeltudentswhoareatcesnotownedbytheschool.TheKentuckyhighcourtdecidedthatinlocoprentisjustifiedthatrule.Inlocoparentismeantthatmaleandfemalecollegestudentsusuallyhadtoliveinseparatebuildings.Womenhadtobebackattheirdormbytenorelevenonschoolnights.Butinthe1960s,studentsbegantorulesandrestrictionslikethese.Atthesametime,courtsbegantosupportstudenswhowerebeingpunishedforpoliticalandsocialdissent.In1960,AlabamaStateCollegeexpelledsxstudentswhotookpartinacivilrightsdemonstration.Theysuedheschoolandwon.Afterthat,itbecameharderandhardertodefendinlocoparentis.Atthattime,studentsweenotconsideredadultsuntil21.Then,in1971,the24thamendmenttotheConstitutionsetthevotingageateighteen.Soinlocoparentisnolongerreallyapplied.Slowly,collegesbegantotreatstudentsnotaschildren,butasadults.Studentscametobeseensconsumersofeducationalservices.GaryDickstein,anassistantviceatWrightStateUniversityinDayton,Ohio,saysinlocoparenisisnotreallygone.Itjustlooksdifferent.Today’sparents,hesays,areoftenheavilyinvolvedinstudents’lives.Theyareknownas“helicopterparents”.Theyalwaysseemtohoverovertheirchildren.GaryDicksteinsaystheseparentsarelikelytoquestiondecisions,especiallyaboutsafetyissuesandgrades.Theywanttomakesuretheirfinancialinvestmentisnotbeingwasted.Beforethe1970s,manycollegesraninlogoparentissystem theycouldtaketheceofthestudents’parentsaskedthemtodoitfortheinterestsoftheirthiswasatraditionestablishedbyBritishcollegestudentswereregardedastooyoungtobetreatedasWhowonthecaseofGottversusBereaCollegeinBerea B.C.Itwasawind-win D.TheTheword“dissent”(Para.5)probably extreme B.violationofC.strong D. In1960,thecourtruledthatAlabamaState hadnorighttoexpelthewasjustifiedtohaveexpelledtheshouldsupportcivilrightsAccordingtoGaryDickstein,today’s“helicopter don’tsetthirheartsatretwithcollegekeepawatchfulyeonheirchildren’slifeandarelesabouttheirchildren’seducationthanhavedifferentopinionsontheirchildren’sPassageWetendothinkofntsasthefurnitureofthenaturalworld.Theydon’tmove,theydon’tmakesounds,theydon’tseemtorespondtoanything—atleastnotveryquickly.Butasisoftenthecase,ourhumanviewoftheworldmissesquitealot.ntstalktoeachotherallthetime.Andthelanguageischemical.Overtheyears,scientistshavereportedthatdifferenttypesofnts,fromtreestotomatoes,releasecompoundsintotheairtohelpneighboringnts.Thesechemicalwarningsallhavethesamepurpose—tospreadinformationaboutonent’sdiseasesootherntscandefendthemselves.Butexactlyhowntsreceiveandactonmanyofthesesignalsisstillmysterious.Inthisweek’sProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,researchersinJapanoffersomeexnations.Theyhaveidentifiedonechemicalmessageandtraceditallthewayfromreleasetoaction.Thescientistslookedattomatontsinfested()byacommonpest,thectwormcaterpillar(毛蟲).Tostartout,theygrewntsintwosticcompartmentsconnectedbyatube.Onentwasinfestedandcedupwindandtheotherswereuninfestedandceddownwnd.Thedownwindntswerelaterexposedtothecutwormcaterpillar.TheresultsshowedthatntsthathadpreviouslybeennearsickneighborswereabletodefendthemselvesbetteragainsttheTheresearchersalsostudiedleavesfromexposedandunexposednts.TheyfoundonecompoundshowedupmoreoftenintheexposedntsThesubstanceiscaledHexVic.WhenthescientistsfedHexVictocutworms,itknockeddowntheirsurvivlrateby17%.ThescientistsidentifiedthesourceofHexVic,andsprayeditlightlyoerhealthyntsThosentswerethenabletostartproducingthecaterpillar-killingHexVic.Researchersconfirmedthatuninfestedntshavetobuildtheirownweapontofightoffbuganddiseases.Howdotheyknowwhentoydefense?Theyarewarmefirstbytheirfriendyntneighbors.Itisacomplextale,anditmaybehappeninginmorentspeciesthantomatoes.Itmayalsobehappeningwithmorechemicalsignalthatarestillunknowntous.Fornowthough,weknowthatntsnotonlycommunicattheylookoutforoneanother.31WhatdoestheauthortrytoemphasizeinHowntsommunicateisstillamystery.BEnoughattentionhasbeenpaidtonttalk.C.ntsarehefurnitureofthenaturalD.ntsancommunicatewitheachAccordingtoParagraph2,whatremainsunknown howntsreceiveandhandlethesignalsfromtheirwhyntsspreadchemicalinformationtotheirhowmanytypesofntsreleasecompoundsintothewhetherntssendchemicalwarningstotheirThetomatontsintheexperiment ced ybutconnectedthroughexposedtodifferentkindsofexposedtothepestatthesamecedtogetherinacloseTheexperimentshowsthattheinfestednthelpsitsneighbors makingmoreHexVictoattractthereleasingHexVicintotheairtowarnlettingthemknowhowtoproduceproducingenoughHexVictokilltheWhatmaybethebesttitleforthepassSurvivalofntsntBugPassageVancouveristhebestpacetoliveintheAmericas,accordingtoaquality-of-liferankingpublishedearlierthismonthThecityregularlytopssuchindexesasitscleanair,spacioushomesandweekendpossibilitiesofsailingandskiing,Butitsstatusasaliveablecityisthreatenedbyworsningcongstion(擁擠Overthenextthreedecades,another1millionresidentsareexpectedtoliveintheGreaterVancouverregion,addingmorecars,bicyclesandlorriestoroadsthatarealreadytruggingtoservetheexisting2.3millionresidents.AproposalbyVancouver’smayorseekstopreventtheworseningconditions.Upgradeswouldbemadeto2,300kilometresofroadlanes,aswellasbusroutesandcyclepaths.Fourhundrednewbuseswouldjointhefleetof1,830.Therewouldbemoretrainsandmore“seabus”ferrycrossingsbetweenVancouveranditswealthynorthernsuburbs.Togetallthat,residentsmustvotetoacceptanincreaseinsalestax,from7%to7.5%.Pollssuggesttheywillvoteno.Everyoneagreesthatamoreefficienttransportsystemisneeded.Confinedbymountainstothenorth,theUnitedStatestothesouthandPacificOceantothewest,Vancouverhasspreadintheonlydirectionwherethereisstillland,intotheFraserValley,whichjustafewdecadesagowasmostlyfarmland.Theroadisoftenovercrowded.Yetcommuters’suspicionoflocalbureaucratsmayexceedtheirdislikeofcongestion.TransLink,whichrunspublictransportintheregion,isunlovedbytaxpayers.PassengersblameitwhenSkytrain,thelight-railsystem,comestoastandstillbecauseofmechanicalorelectricalfaults,ashappenedtwiceinoneweeklastsummer,leavingcommutersstuckincarriageswithnothingtodobutexpressingtheirangeron .ThatsortofthinghasmadevoterslesswillingtopaythetheC$7.5billionincapitalspendingthattheten-yeartrafficupgradewouldinvolveDespitethecomints,Vancouver’stransportsystemisadecentwell-integratedneonwhichtobuild,reckonsToddLitman,atransportconultantwhohasworkedforTransLink.“Theseupgradesareall-importantifVancouverwantstomantanitsreputationforbeingadestinationotherswanttogoto,”hesays.ThebiggestproblemthreateningVancouverasaliveablecity increasingshortingoflackof TheupgradeprposalbyVancouver’smayormaybeturneddownbyresidents theydonotwantmorepeopletomoveinBtheyarereluctanttomovetonewcesupgradeswouldtakeawaytheirlivingupgradswouldaddtotheirfinancialTheonlydirectionforVancouvertofurtherexpandis thethethetheTransLinkismentioned(Para.4)asanexample worldfamoustransportlocalresidents’comintsaboutthelocalefforttoimprovepublicAccordingtoToddLitman,theupgrade willsolvethetrafficwillbenefitlocalsatisfiesthedeservespublicSectionDirections:Inthissection,youarerequiredtoreadonequotedblogandthecommentsonit.Theblogandcommentsarefollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswerA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.Towardstheendofthe1990s,morethanadecadeandahalfafterDietCokewasfirstintroduced,saleofCocColabest-sellinglowcaloriedrinkappearedtoslowdown.However,inthedecadthatfollowed,dietsodasgrewbymorethan30percent.In2009,salespushedabove$8.5billionforthefirsttime.ButAmerica’sthirstforDietCokeisrunningdryagainandthistimeitcouldbeforgood.Thedietsodaslowdownisn’tmerelyanAmericanthing-it’salsohappeningworldwide.ButthefutueofetcolasisparticularlycloudyintheUnitedStates.LowcaloriesodasarefightingahardbattleagainstnotonebuttwotrendsamongAmericanconsumers.Thefirstisthatoverallsodaconsumptionhasbeenonthedeclinesincebefore2000.Dietsodas,thoughtheymightcomesugar-andcalorie-,arestillsodas,somethingAmericansareprovinglessandlessinterestedindrinking.Thesecond,andperhapsmoresignificanttrend,isagrowingmistrustofsweeteners(甜味劑).“Consumers’attitudestowardssweetenershavereallychanged,”saidHowardford,anindustryystThere’saverynegativeperceptionaboutartificialsweeteners.Theindustryisstilltryingtogetitsheadaroundthis.”Addmetothenumberofpeopleaddictedtodietcolaswhoquitdrinkingsodaaltogther.IhonestlythinksodaisaddictiveandI’mhappynottobedrinkingitanymore.Perhapstheslowdownhassomethingmoretodowiththe ingcostofsoftILOVEdietdrinks!AmIunhealthy?Whoknows?IguaranteeIhaveabetterphysiquethanmost43-year-old-men.Thisisasillyandshallowpiece.Thereasonforthefalloffissimplytheexplosioninconsumptionofbottledwatersndenergydrinks.Aspeoplelearnmoreabouthealthandwellnesstheywillconsumelesssugar,lesssoda,lessartificialsweeteners.WhatdoweknwaboutdietsodaAItbegantoundergoagradualdropstartingfromItwasonthedeclinesincethe1990sbutisontheriseIreacheditspeakinthe2000sbutbegantodropsinceIthasbeendecreasingsincetheWhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheprospectsofdietsodaItwillcontinuetodropItwillgetbetterItishardtosayforItmayhaveupsandWhichcommentgives alreasonforquittingdietCommentCommentCommentCommentWhichcommentsupportstheauthor’spointofCommentCommentCommentCommentWhichcommentsdisagreewiththeauthornthecauseofsodasaleComment3andCommentComment2andCommentComment1andCommentComment2andCommentPartIVCloze(10Directions:Inthispart,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosethebestanswerforeachblankandmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.Whenakedabouttheimpactofdisturbingnewsonchildren,onemothersaid:“My11-year-olddaughterdoesn’tlikewatchingthenews.Shehas46aboutwhatshehasseen.Onetime,shewatchedareportabouta whokilledafamilymemberwithaknife.Thatnightshedreamedthatshetoowasbeingkilled.”Anotherintervieweesaid:“Mysix-year-oldniecesawreportsoftornadoes()fromelsewhereinthecountry.Forweeks47,shewasShe48callmeonthephone,convincedthatatornadowascomingherandthatshewasgoingtoDoyouthinkdisturbingnewsreportscanfrightenchildren?Inonesurvey,nearly40percentofparentssaidthattheirchildrenhadbeen49bysomethingtheysawinthenewsand50,thechildrenhadfearedthatasimilareventwouldhappentothemortheirlovedones.Why?Onefactoristhatchildrenoften51thenewsdifferentlyfromadults.Forexample,smallchildrenmaybelievethata52thatisbroadcastrepeatedlyisreallyhappeningrepeatedly.Asecondfactoristhatdailyreportsofdisturbingeventscandistortachild’s53oftheworld.True,welivein“criticaltimeshardto54.”Butrepeatedexposuretodisturbingnwsreportscancausechildrentodeveloplastingfears.“ChildrenwhowatchalotofTVnews55tooverestimatetheoccurrenceofcrime,andmayperceivetheworldtobeamoredangerouscethanitactuallyis.”O(jiān)bservestheKaiserFamilyFoundation.A.B.C.D.piA.B.C.D.laA.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.innoB.byallC.lltheD.asaA.BC.D.A.B.C.D.A.nBC.D.A.giveB.stickC.dealD.setA.B.eD.PartVTextCompletion(20Directions:Inthispart,therearethree pletetextswith20questions(Rangingfrom56to75).Aboveeachtexttherearethreeorfourphrasestobecompleted.First,usethechoicesprovidedintheboxtocompletethephrases.Second,usethecompletedphrasestofillintheblanksofthetext.MarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.whichmakes anytotake Picturethissituation:youhaveboughtafaultyitemfromashopandyoutakeitbacktocomin.Yougodirectlytotheshopassistantandlthemyourproblem.Theysaytheycannothelpyou,59,tothepointperhpswhereyousartinsultingthepoorshopassistant.Thiswilldoyounofavours,60orevenyourmoneyback.Ifyougodirectly