細(xì)節(jié)題和推理判斷題 學(xué)案-高考英語(yǔ)二輪專(zhuān)項(xiàng)

高考專(zhuān)項(xiàng)推理判斷題和細(xì)節(jié)題一．推理判斷類(lèi)題目常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式Itcanbeinferred/concluded/seenfromthepassagethat______.Thepassageimplies,butdoesn’tdirectlystatethat______.Thewritersuggeststhat_____.Theauthorprobablyfeelsthat_____.What’stheauthor’sattitudetoward______?二．推論：只有對(duì)字面的含義有了深刻的理解，方可知作者的態(tài)度，意思和寫(xiě)作的目的。下面舉幾個(gè)例子說(shuō)明。Theyoungmanquicklyanswered,“Yes,sir.”(能推出theman的什么？)“...LotsofpeoplethinkI’mjustagreenkid(child).I’llshowthem.”(可看出作者什么態(tài)度？)Whenthephonefinallyrang,Joeleapedfromtheedgeofhischairandgrabbedforit.(能推出什么？)如果作者直接描寫(xiě)的話，可能就不能激發(fā)不出作者的想象力，文章就失去了感染力。Joewasnervousandanxiousashewaitedforanimportantphone.Unabletorelaxforamoment,hesatontheedgeofhischair.Whenthephonerang,Joereachedforit.三．解題技巧用事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)和上下文暗示，進(jìn)行分析。不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。抓出細(xì)節(jié)，逆向推理。注意干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn):只是原文的簡(jiǎn)單復(fù)述，而非推斷出來(lái)的結(jié)論。看似原文推斷出來(lái)的結(jié)論，實(shí)際上與原文不符，如因果倒置，手段變目的等。據(jù)常識(shí)來(lái)看是正確的，但是卻不是基于文章。推理過(guò)頭，引申過(guò)度。Passage1Acopyrightisakindoflegalprotectionthatbarsothersfromcopyingworksmadebythepeoplewhocreatedthemorownthecopyright.ZaryaoftheDawn

writerKristinaKashtanovawillbeabletogetacopyrightforthepartsofthebookshewroteandordered.ButshewillnotreceivecopyrightprotectionforimagesshemadeusingMidjourney,theofficesaidinitsletter.ThedecisionisoneofthefirstbyaU.S.courtoragencyaboutcopyrightprotectionforworkscreatedwithAI.ThedecisioncomesatatimewhenAIsoftwarelikeMidjourney,Dall-EandChatGPTarebeingusedtocreatewrittenandothermaterials.TheCopyrightOfficesaidinaletterthatitwouldchangeits

registration

for

ZaryaoftheDawn

toleaveoutimagesthatarenottheproductofhumans.TheresearchlaboratoryMidjourneydidnotimmediatelyanswerarequestforcomment.TheCopyrightOfficehadnocommentonthedecision.Kashtanovacalledit"greatnews"thatshekeptthecopyrightforherstoryand

arrangement

oftheimages.Shesaidthedecision"coversalotofusesforthepeopleintheAIartcommunity."Sheaddedthatsheandherlawyerswereconsideringhowbesttopressaheadwiththeirargument.Theybelievethattheimagesthemselveswerea"directexpression"ofKashtanova's"creativityandthereforecopyrightable."MidjourneyisanAIsystemthatcreatesimagesbasedonwritteninstructions.Kashtanovawrotethetextof

ZaryaoftheDawn,andMidjourneycreatedthebook'simagesbasedonherinstructions.TheCopyrightOfficetoldKashtanovainOctoberitwouldreconsiderthebook'scopyright.Theagencysaidthatwasbecauseher

application

didnotdescribeusingMidjourneytocreatetheimages.Theofficesaidthatitwouldgivecopyrightprotectionforthebook'stextandthewayKashtanovachoseandarrangeditselements.Butitsaidshewasnotthe"mastermind"behindtheimagesthemselves."ThefactthatMidjourney's

specificoutput

cannotbepredictedbyusersmakesMidjourneydifferentforcopyrightpurposesthanothertoolsusedbyartists,"thelettersaid.Theunderlinedword“copyright”inParagraph1probablymeans“______”.copyingsomethingB.imitatingrightlyC.writingcorrectlyD.therightpeopleownsbecauseoftheirworksMidjourneyhasbeenattractingattentionmainlybecause______.Ithasbeenpopularamongtheartworld.ThecopyrightofficehadnocommentsontheimagemadebyMidjourney.TheoutputsmadebyMidjourneyaredifferentfromothers’andcan’tbepredictedItisanAIsoftwareandnotahumanbeing.Howdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?Midjourneyhascreatedsomethingbetterthanbefore.Midjourneyisunique.Theoutput’scopyrightmadebyMidjourneyismorecomplicatedthanothers.Comparedwithothertools,Midjourneyismorewidespreadtobeused. 答案：DCCPassage2Gardeners

intheNorthernHemispherearestartingtoplantheirsummergardens.Mostarethinkingabouthowtheirplantsandflowerswilllookinthebrightsunshineinthecomingsummer.Butwhenthesummersungoesdownintheevening,andyouaresittingoutsideathome,youmaynotbeabletoseemanyflowersintheyardwithoutartificiallighting.Withsomeplanning,youcanplanta"moongarden."Thatisoneyoucanenjoybythelightofthemoon.LeavesandflowersbothshowwellinmoonlightJessicaDamianowritesaboutgardeningforTheAssociatedPress.Shesaysplantswithsilverormulti-coloredleaves,whiteorlight-coloredflowers,orflowersthatopenonlyatnightaregoodchoicesforamoongarden.Anotherwaytoenjoyplantsintheeveningistochooseoneswithapleasingsmell.Plantthemalongawalkwayornearaseatingareaoutdoors,whereyoucanenjoythemupclose,orwithinviewofawindow.Foramoongarden,Damianosuggestsplantingthesekindsoflight-colored,moon-reflecting

blooms:

themoonflower(ofcourse!),aswellasShastadaisy,fouro'clock,sweetalyssum,yarrow,snow-in-summer,eveningprimrose,petunias,NewGuineaimpatiensandgeranium.Insectsthatvisitflowersatnighttocollect

pollen,

suchasthesphinxmoth,lovethem,too.MakeitlastlongerYoucanbeginthegardenearlywithearlybloomers,likelilyofthevalley,daffodilandazalea.Maketheseasonlastlongerintotheautumnwithlatebloomerslikechrysanthemumandautumnclematis.Plantswithunusualor

multi-coloredleavesincludespotteddeadnettle,Japanesepaintedfern,JackFrostSiberianbugloss,hostas,silverlamb'sears,dustymiller,Russiansage,silvermoundwormwoodandsomeeuonymusvarieties.Alloftheseplantscanbeseenaftersundownandespeciallyseemtoshineunderafullmoon.GoodsmellsmakeapleasantgardenIfyouwantgoodsmellstofillyouryardintheevening,plantmockorangegardenia,lilac,summersweet,andjasmine.Inverywarmplaces,tryplantingylang-ylangandfrangipanitofillyoureveningswithpleasure.Rememberthatlikeapainting,agardenneedssomethingbehindtheattention-gettingobjectsinfront.Includea

backdrop

ofwoodyplants

likethesweet-smellingKoreanspiceviburnum,orwhite-bloominghydrangeas.Treeslikepaperbirchwhiteorsilverpoplar,acaciaandeucalyptuslightupthenight.Findoutaboutthosethatworkbestinyourclimatebytalkingwithothergardenersoralocalexpert.WhatmakesawonderfulmoongardenasfollowsEXCEPT______.keepingleavesandflowersbothshowwellintheeveningincreasingartificiallightingPlantingsomeflowerslastinglongerFillingthegardenwithgoodsmellsTheauthorthinkshowpeoplecanenjoyamoongardeninthelightofmoon.______.SomedelicateplanningsLightingupthegardenwithartificialskillsStartingthegardenlatewithsomeearlybloomersPlantingsomeflowersbloominginthedaytimeWhatisthemeritofamoongarden?______.Peoplecan’tseemoreflowersintheevening.B.wedon’tintendtoenjoymorewhenthesunisdownC.Youmaybeabletoseefewerflowersintheyard.D.Itcangiveussomepleasantnights.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?PeopleinNorthernHemispherearestartingtoplantheirsummergarden.Withproperplannings,weareabletomakeflowersbloomlongerFlowersthatonlyopeninthedaytimeisagoodchoiceforthemoongarden.Withtalkingtosomelocalgardenersoralocalexpert,itmustworkbest.答案：BACB細(xì)節(jié)題細(xì)節(jié)理解類(lèi)題目常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式Whichofthefollowingistrue/false/(not)mentioned?Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage.Allofthefollowingstatementsmaybetrue/falseexcept______.Whichofthefollowingisnottheresultof...?Whichofthefollowingbestcharacterizesthemainfeatureof...?二，1.查讀法（scanning）用略讀的方法通讀閱讀材料，對(duì)原文有一個(gè)大概的了解，掌握其主旨。按文章的體裁，如按記敘文，說(shuō)明文，議論文等及作者寫(xiě)作的組織模式及有關(guān)的信息詞，如forexample,first,second等預(yù)測(cè)應(yīng)該到何處尋找自己所需要的事實(shí)。把主要精力放在尋找你所需要的細(xì)節(jié)上。放慢速度，仔細(xì)查找。原文定位法是非判斷題，把選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與原文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析，然后排除。例證題考查的是文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，結(jié)構(gòu)通常是，論點(diǎn)例證或例證論點(diǎn)。年代和數(shù)字的考查，找到它們，然后整合計(jì)算出答案。首尾定位法，做排序題可采用“首尾定位法”。排除法，在兩個(gè)難以抉擇的情況下，一定要回到原文來(lái)判斷。按“文”索“圖”法，做選圖題。解答細(xì)節(jié)理解題，要求學(xué)生要細(xì)心在讀文章之前先讀題，對(duì)要考查的細(xì)節(jié)部分做簡(jiǎn)要記錄，以便節(jié)約時(shí)間和減少反復(fù)尋找細(xì)節(jié)的麻煩。對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的考查通常涉及一些長(zhǎng)難句，對(duì)此，我們的分析句子的含義。若是簡(jiǎn)單句，先找句子主，謂，賓，理解其主要意義。Passage1ManypeopleknowofPabloPicasso,theSpanishartistwhocreatedsomeofthe20th

century'smostfamouspaintings.Butfew,untilrecently,haveheardof"Pigcasso."Pigcassoisthenamegiventoanartisticpigthatwasrescuedfroma

slaughterhouse

in2016.Thepigcurrentlylives–andcreatesart–atananimal

sanctuary

inSouthAfrica'sWesternCaperegion.JoanneLefsonrunsthesanctuary(收養(yǎng)所).Shesayspigsareverysmartanimalsthatliketokeeptheirmindsactive."WhenIbroughtPigcassoheretothebarn,Ithought'howdoIkeepherentertained?'"shesaid.LefsongavePigcassosomeballs,

paintbrushes

andotherobjectstoplaywith."Shebasicallyateordestroyedeverythingexceptthesepaintbrushes...shelovedthemsomuch,"Lefsonsaid.Soonthepigwasusingthosepaintbrushestocreateart.Herpaintingscansellforalmost$4,000.Themoneyfromhersalesgotoanimalwelfare.PigcassohasevenhadoneofherartworksturnedintoawatchfacebySwatch,aSwisswatchmakingcompany.Thelimitededition"FlyingPigbyMs.Pigcasso"hasgreen,blueandpinkcolorsandsellsfor$120."FLYINGPIGBYMS.PIGCASSOhasussquealingwithjoy!"notesastatementonthecompany'sTwitterpage.LefsonsaysPigcassois"definitelyanabstractexpressionist."

Theterm

referstotheartisticmovementthatsoughttocommunicateemotionsusingabstractimages."Youcan'texactlydefinewhatshe'spainting,"Lefsonadded,"butIcantellyouthatherstyleslightlychangesdependingonhermoodlikeanygreatartist."WhichofthefollowingifTRUEaccordingtothepassage?Pigcassoisacelebrity.JoanneLefsonisanartist.PigcassohasoneofherartworksontheSwatchwatch.Anabstractexpressioniestisn’tatypeofartisticmovement.Theunderlinedword“she”(inParagraph2)referto______.PigcassoJoanneLefsonPabloPicassoThepigHowwasthePigcasso’stalentinartdiscovered?______.Shedestroyedeverythingapartfrompaintbrushesandstartedtopaint.Herartworkcanbesoldforalmost$4000.ItwasdiscoveredbySwatchcompany.It’snotmentionedinthepassage.Thepassagemightbefollowedbyaparagraphabout______.HowLefsonmadethepigartisticPigcassogettingmoreandmoreattentionWhatLefsonwouldbeabletoachieveD.Lefson’sfuturelife答案：CBABPassage2Blackholesareareaswherethepullofgravityissostrongthatnotevenlightcanescape.Usuallytheyhappenafterverybig,

supergiant

starsexplode.Theexplodedstarturnsintosomethingcalleda"supernova."(超新星)Itisverybright,butshort-lived.Supernovascreatethelargestexplosionsinspace.Thematerialremainingafterthesupernovaexplosioncollapses.Gravitypulls,orcrushes,allthematterintoaverysmallspace.Whenlightcannolongerescapethatspace,itisknownasablackhole.TheJapanesesatelliteAstro-Hwascarryinganinstrumentcalledan

X-rayspectrometer.ItwasabletomeasurethewaygasflowsatthecenterofthePerseuscluster.Whatitfoundwasthatthesuperheatedgasatthecenteroftheclusterflowedmorecalmlythanresearchersexpected.Andthattoldthemsomethingabouthowblackholeswork,andhowgalaxies(星系)areformed.BrianMcNamaraisanastrophysicist(宇宙物理學(xué)家)withtheUniversityofWaterlooinCanada."Andthatgivesusavery

precise

measurementofhowmuchenergyisbeingpumpedintothisgasbysupermassiveblackholes,andsoitallowsustoformamorecompletepictureofhowgalaxiesevolve,howthestarsandthegasthatwill

eventually

cooloutlikeraintoformthestars,evolvesover

cosmic

time."Thescientistsarealsolookingatthehotplasma(等離子)—anotherkindofmatter—andgasesthatsurroundgalaxies."Thisisgasthathasnotcooled