中學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)社區(qū)八上英語unit3reading and listening

Module2ScienceandtechnologyOxfordEnglishUnit

3ComputersReadingCulturecornerRevisionReadthesentencesandpayattentiontothewordsinitalics.Writeonewordorphrasethatisrelatedtoorsimilarinmeaningtothewordsinitalics.1Theracingcarrunsat230kmanhour.It’sreallyfast!2Whereistheant?Ican’tseeit.It’sso

small.3Hejuststoodintheroad.Hedidn’trealize

thecarcoming.4IdecidetogotoWuhanbytrain.Theyoungmanmadehisrobotmovewitharemotecontrol.5Wecannotalwaysaskourparentsfor

help.atthespeedof230kmwasunawareofrailwaydependonourparentsoperatedtiny

toaskforsomethingtobedeliveredormade

order

tosayornotehowsomethingissimilartoordifferentfromsomethingelse

compare

ascreenforacomputerthatshowsinformation

monitorReadtheexplanationandspeakouttheworditexplains.toneedthehelpofsomeone,ortotrustthatsomeonewilldosomething

dependrateofmotion

speedtocontroltheworkingofsomething

operateasetoftracksonwhichatrainruns

railway

speakeranelectronicdevicethatproducessound;loudspeaker

keyboardaroworrowsofkeysonamachineorinstrument

mouseasmalldeviceusedwithcomputerstochooseandmovethingsonthecomputerscreen

typehead;theorganinthebodythatcontrolsthought,movement,andfeeling

brain

towriteusingamachinesuchasacomputertousepowertomanageorcommand

controlnotcheap;costingalotofmoney;havingahighpriceexpensiveverysmall

tinyCompletethesentenceswiththewordsyouhavejustlearnt.Changetheirformsifnecessary.

Ican’ttypebecausethe__________doesn’twork.You__________onyourparentstoomuch.Youshouldlearnhowtolookafteryourself.3Myfather__________asanengineer.Hisjobisto__________somebigmachinesandrepairthem.4CPUisthe“__________”ofacomputer.It’sa__________partinthemainunit.5Gettingangrymaymakeyoulosefriends,soitisimportantto__________yourfeelings.6Heisdrivingataspeedof150kmperhour.It’sverydangerous,butheis__________ofthedanger.1Ifsomethingisverysmall,itis________.(line5)Someyoungpeoplealwaysneedhelpfromtheirparents.Theyshouldlearnto_____________themselves.(line8)Wehadfunandlearntsomethingnewaswell.Wehadagoodtime._____________,welearntalot.(line14)Whenwemakeamachinework,we__________it.(line16)C1Thewordsinitalicsexplainthemeaningsofsomewordsonpage35.Findthesewordstocompletethesentences.Changetheirformsifnecessary.

C2Completetheconversationbelowwiththewordsfromthebox.Gettingready

Lookatthecartoonandanswerthequestions.automatedtellermachineIamveryoldnow.IwasborninChina.Manypeopleusedmeforcalculatinginthepast,butnowIamabitlonelybecausetheydon’tlikemenow.DoyouknowwhoIam?abacusabaci['?b?sa?]Riddles(謎語)Lead-inIamverysmall.Icanbeusedforcalculating.InChina,alotofstudentsusemewhensolvingmathematicalproblems.DoyouknowwhoIam?calculatorPCPersonalComputerI’masmall,relativelyinexpensivecomputerdesignedforanindividualuser.I’mbasedonthemicroprocessortechnology.Athome,peopleusemetosurftheInternetandplaygames.DoyouknowwhoIam?

●●somethingthatgetsintoaprogramandharmsitsoftware●●acollectionofinformationonacomputerthatisstoredunderaparticularnamehardware●●virus/?va?r?s/●●setsofprogramsthatyouputintoacomputerwhenyouwantittodoparticularjobsmultimedia●●acomputer’smonitor,keyboard,drives,etc.file●●personalcomputerPC●●twoormorecomputerslinkedtogethernetwork●●amixtureofsound,pictures,film,andwritingtogiveinformation,especiallywithcomputers

MatchthewordsincolumnAwiththedefinitionsincolumnB.ATMautomatedtellermachineMoreaboutcomputersABWordsrelatedtoPCbrowsercommanddatadesktopemailExcelfileInternetlaptopmodem瀏覽器指令，命令數(shù)據(jù)臺式電腦電子郵件電子表格軟件文件互聯(lián)網(wǎng)手提電腦調(diào)制解調(diào)器multimedianetworkPowerpoint

printerroutersoftwareviruswebsiteWord多媒體網(wǎng)絡(luò)演示文稿程序打印機路由器軟件病毒網(wǎng)址文字處理應(yīng)用程序BrainstormComputerwriteemailsreadtheonlinenewschatwithfriendsdoonlineshoppinglistentomusic…playcomputergameslookforusefulinformationQuestionnaire(Usingcomputersathome)1.Doyouhaveacomputerathome?Brainstormquestions2.Doyouusuallyuseacomputerathome?…When…Where…What…Howmuch…Howlong……

B1Ingroups,doasurveyaboutusingcomputersathome.Usethefollowingquestionstohelpyou.Youmustaddatleastonemorequestionofyourown.1Doyouhaveacomputerathome?2Howoftendoyouusethecomputer?3Whatdoyouusuallydoonthecomputer?4Howmuchtimedoyouspendplayingcomputergameseveryweek?5Howdoyouusethecomputertohelpyoustudy?6Yourownquestion(s):____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ComputerWheredoweusecomputersinourdailylife?Shareyourideas.ATMbank1The_________showswordsandpictures.2Weusethe_________fortyping.3The“brain”ofacomputerisinthe___________.4Wemovethe_________tocontrol

thecomputer.5Wehearsoundfromthe__________.Howmuchdoyouknowaboutcomputers?Lookatthephotobelowandcompletethesentenceswiththecorrectnames.mousemat=screenCD-ROMpactdisk(driver)Lookatthepictures,thetitleandthesub-headingsofthearticleonpage35.Thentick(?)thefactsthatthearticleprobablytalksabout.1Computersaregettingsmallerandbetter.2Computerscandoimportantjobslikeflyingplanes.3Computersmayworkasdoctors.4Computersareexpensive.Beforeyouread???Asub-headingusuallytellsusthetopicoftheparagraph(s)belowit.sub-headingsLookatthepictures,thetitleandthesub-headingsofthearticleonpage35.Thentick(?)thefactsthatthearticleprobablytalksabout.???1Computersaregettingsmallerandbetter.2Computerscandoimportantjobslikeflyingplanes.3Computersmayworkasdoctors.4Computersareexpensive.SmallerandbetterInthe1940s,thefirstcomputerswerebiggerthancars.Nowcomputersareingsmallerandbetter.Somecomputersaretiny.Youmaybeunawareofthem.ThereisprobablyoneinsideyourTVorwashingmachine.Youdependoncomputersmorethanyourealize.ComputerfactsReadingWhileyouread

Readthefirstpartofthearticleandcompletethetablebelow.SmallerandbetterThefirstcomputersinthe1940sComputersnowadaysingExampleConclusionbiggerthancarssmallerandbetterThereisprobablyatinycomputerinsideyourTVorwashingmachine.Youdependoncomputersmorethanyourealize.Whatcanwedowithcomputers?Wecanusecomputerstocalculate.Theycancalculateatafasterspeedthanwecanandalmostnevergivewronganswers.Wecanalsotypeand

drawthingswiththem.Inaddition,computerscandoimportantjobslike

operatingrailwaysandflyingplanesandspaceships.Wecanusecompu-terstocalculateAdvantages

Examplescalculateatafasterspeedthanwecanalmostnevergivewronganswerstypeanddrawthingsdoimportantjobsflyplanesoperaterailways

Readthesecondpartofthearticleandcompletethetablebelow.Whatcanwedowithcomputers?flyspaceshipsIsacomputerclevererthanme?Theansweris“No”.Yourbraincanproducenewideasbutcomputerscannot.However,onedaycomputersmaybeabletodoabetterjobthanhumanbeings.Forexample,theymaybebetterthandoctorsatdoingtheirjob.Whatwillhappentousifcomputerscandoallourjobs?Willwehavenothingtodo?Computersmaychangeourlives,butwilltheymakethembetter?

Readthethirdpartofthearticleandanswersomequestions.Isacomputerclevererthanme?No,itisn’t.Becausethehumanbraincanproducenewideasbutcomputerscannot.Thejobofadoctor.Wemayhavenothingtodo.S1:Wecandomanythingswithcomputersinourdailylife.S2:Forexample?S1:Wecan_________,_________and________________withthem.S1:Theremaybetinycomputersinyourhome.S2:Where,forexample?S1:Insideyour_________or________________.21Afteryouread

D1Completetheanswerswiththeexamplesfromthearticle.TVwashingmachinecalculatetypedrawthingsS1:Computerscandosomeimportantjobs.S2:Forexample?S1:Theycan______________and_____________________.S1:Oneday,computersmaybeabletodoabetterjobthanhumanbeings.S2:Forexample?S1:They___________________________________________.43operaterailwaysflyplanesandspaceshipsmaybebetterthandoctorsatdoingtheirjob.

D2Answerthequestionsbelowincompletesentences.Whatwerethefirstcomputerslike?_________________________________________________2.Whyareweunawareofsomecomputers?_________________________________________________3Arecomputersclevererthanyouandme?Whyorwhynot?__________________________________________________________________________________________________Theywerebiggerthancars.Becausetheyaretiny.No,theyaren’t.Becauseourbrainscanproducenewideasbutcomputerscannot.ComputerfactsPart3Part2Part1The__________ofcomputersindifferenttimesThe__________ofcomputersindailylifeThe__________betweenhumanbeingsandcomputersinthefuturesizesusesrelationship

Completetheoutlineofthearticle.Findsomeexamplesineachpartofthearticle.

Putthefollowingsentencesintherightplacesofthearticle.Theyaresupercalculators.2.Theymayalsobegoodteachers.3.YoumayalsohaveoneinyourwatchorMP3player.Discussion

D3

Discussandanswerthequestionsbelowwithyourclassmates.Doyoudependoncomputersalotinyourdailylife?Giveexamples.Doyouagreethatcomputerswillbeabletodoallourjobsinthefuture?Givereasons.Yes.Idependoncomputersalotinmanydailylife.Usually,Iuseadesktoptosendemails,chatwithmyfriends,watchfilmsandsearchforinformationonline.Inaddition,theTV,thewashingmachineandthericecookerinmyhomeallhavetinycomputersinthem.Willcomputersmakeourlivesbetter?RevisionandintroductionYouneverseemtobeshortofmoney.seemlinkingv.似乎,好像Heseemstobeakindman.=Itseemsthatheisakindman.用法a.seem(tobe)+adj./n.Thatseems(tobe)veryeasy.b.seemtodosth.c.Itseemsthat…beshortof=belackinginMostchildrenareshortofsleep.LanguagepointsInthe1940s,he1940s在20世紀40年代，在英語中表示某一年代用介詞in,在整個十年后加s或’s,前面加定冠詞he1870s=inthe1870’s

Somecomputersaretiny.Youmaybeunawareofthem.little/small/tiny均表示“小的”，區(qū)別：littleadj.小的，小巧的[帶有感情色彩，表示喜歡、可憐或討厭]smalladj.小的，不大[多指面積、體積等]tinyadj.很小的，微小的[強調(diào)特別小]Ihaveanicelittlecat.Theroomistoosmallforthreepersonstolivein.Itisatinyinsect.beunawareof沒有意識到=donotrealizeTheywereunawareofhisabsence.

=Theydidn’trealizehisabsence.=Theydidn’tknowabouthisabsence.

ThereisprobablyoneinsideyourTVorwashingmachine.onepron.指代上文中提到的同類事物中的一個，其復(fù)數(shù)形式是ones.one/it/thatTomhasaredpenandablueone.Ihaveapen.Myunclegaveittome.TheweatherinBeijingisdifferentfromthatinGuangdong.one泛指前面提到的那類人或物中的一個，用于指可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，其復(fù)數(shù)形式是ones.it特指前面提到的那個物，用于指可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式是they或者them.that特指前面提到過的那類事物，用于指代不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞用those.Whatcanwedowithcomputers?What…dowith…?=How…dealwith…?你將怎樣處理這些垃圾？Whatwillyoudowiththerubbish?=Howwillyoudealwiththerubbish?Wecanusecomputerstocalculate.=Wecanusecomputersforcalculating.=Wecancalculatewithcomputers.usesth.fordoingsth.=usesth.todosth.=dosth.withsth.Theycancalculateatafasterspeedthanwecanandalmostnevergivewronganswers.ataspeedof以……的速度Thecyclistswereridingataspeedof35mph.[mph=mileperhour英里每小時,速度計量單位，常使用于英國/前英國殖民地(美國)/和英聯(lián)邦國家,用作計算時速,俗稱“邁”1邁=1.609344公里/小時]athigh/lowspeed以高速/低速atfull/topspeed以全速/最高速speedv.=movequickly[speeded/sped均可]speedup(加速)Wespeduptopassthecarinfrontofus.givewronganswer給出錯誤答案Theycancalculateatafasterspeedthanwecanandalmostnevergivewronganswers.almost&nearly兩者都可用來修飾不定代詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞、介詞短語等，此時兩者?？蓳Q用。It’salmost[nearly]impossible.Heisalmost[nearly]astallasher.必須用almost的情況：almost強調(diào)“差一點……就”(=verynearly),可用于any,no,none,nothing等前面，但nearly不可。Almostanymancandoit.Ialmostneverseeher.almost&nearly必用nearly的情形：nearly前可用very,pretty,not等詞修飾，但almost

之前不能用這些詞。Thecarisprettynearlynew.這汽車幾乎是全新的。*notnearly意為“遠非”,very[pretty]nearly意為“幾乎”，都是習(xí)語。Healmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.Almostnoone(=Hardlyanyone)believesher.Hesaidalmostnothingworthlisteningto.Theyarenearlyattheendoftheirjourney.almost&nearly幾乎almost后面可接否定，nearly前面可接否定。幾乎沒有人來參加晚會。___________noonecametotheparty.

這遠不像你想像的那么難。It’snot__________sodifficultasyouthink.

AlmostnearlyInaddition,computerscandoimportantjobslikeoperatingrailwaysandflyingplanesandspaceships.inaddition另外;此外=besides/what’smoreInaddition,youcanshareyourfileswithothers.inaddition常用于句首，用于句中要加to.Weplayfootballinadditiontobasketball.Inadditiontogivingageneralintroductiontocomputers,thecoursealsoprovidespracticalexperience.like例如；諸如=suchas+n./doingsth.Theyexportfruits,likeapples,orangesandlemons.Wedidalotofactivitieslikeplayingvideogamesandplayingpoker.like可以和suchas互換，但是當suchas用于舉例時如果分開使用，此時就不能互換了。Ienjoysuchsongsasthisone.flyplanes駕駛飛機flyspaceships駕駛宇宙飛機表示駕駛飛行器時一般不使用drive,而用fly.flyahelicopterflyakiteForexample,theymaybebetterthandoctorsatdoingtheirjob.bebetterat是begoodat的比較級形式，begoodat=dowellin=beexpertin/atbebad/poor/weakat=dobadlyinbegoodat/begoodfor/begoodtoreadfor/readtoreadsth.tosb.讀給……聽(sb.是聽眾)readsth.forsb.代替……讀(本來應(yīng)該是sb.讀,但是現(xiàn)在有人代替他讀了)begoodat擅長Jennyisgo