2023年度中國(guó)商務(wù)環(huán)境調(diào)查報(bào)告-中國(guó)美國(guó)商會(huì)

2323US-CHINABUSINESSS202000204ogy28302.1GrowthOutlookandOpportunitieSk324345673.3InnoVationandIntellectualPropertyRightS764.ImpactofBilateralRelationS86Chairman'sMessageTheAmericanChamberofCommerceinthePeoplesRepublicofChina(AmChamChina)wasfoundedinBeijingin1919,andhaslongbeenanemanyAmericancompanies.OurmembersappreciatethecloseattentionthatUSandChinesepolicymakerspaytoourannualChinaBusinessClimateSurvey(BCS)Report.This,togetherwithourWhitePaper,arethekeymechanismsthatweusetoofferconstructiverecommendationstobothcountriesastheyworktowardsgreatermutualunderstandingandsuccessfulresolutionofconcerns.nuedtogrowthroughoutthepandemicigateLastyearwasparticularlyeconomicslowdown,Zero-COVIDcontrols,andongoingeffortstoensureusnewUSandChinarelatedregulationsForthe25thannualeditionofourChinaBusinessClimateSurvey(BCS)ersofthesentimentoftheAmericanbusinesscommunityinChina,wearedelightedtohavepartneredwithPwCforexecutionandanalysis.AlthoughChina’sZero-COVIDpolicydataforthisreportwascollected?Membersreportedaslightlymorepessimisticfinancialoutlookcomparedtopreviousyears:In2022,34%ofmembersestimatedtheirrevenuewouldbelowerthan2021.However,despitethepandemic-relatedrestrictions,another32%ofmemberspredictedtheirrevenuewouldgoup.While2021sawatrendtowardnormalizationoffinancialexpectations,theshocksofthepastyearhaveledtoresultswhichlooksimilarto2020whentheinitialpandemicimpactswereexperiencedbycompanies.?Chinaisnolongertheprimaryinvestmentdestinationitoncewas:Thisyear,lessthanhalfofourmembercompaniesrankChinaasatopthreeinvestmentpriority,markingasignificantshiftforthefirsttime.45%ofmembersnotedthatChina'sinvestmentAmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimateSurveyReportenvironmentisdeteriorating,up31percentagepoints(pp)fromlastyearandthehighestpercentageofmemberstorespondthiswayinthelastfiveyears.?Themajorityofmembersarenotconsideringrelocatingtheirsupplychain:ManyofourmembercompanieshavebeeninChinafordecadesandthemajorityofthemcontinuetohavealong-termcommitmenttotheChinamarket.However,thereisa10ppincreaseinthenumberofcompaniesconsideringoralreadystartingtorelocatetheirmanufacturingandsourcingoutsideofChina.RiskmanagementandUS-Chinatradetensionsweretwoofthetopthreereasonscitedbymembersfordoingso.?Tensebilateralrelationshipcontinuestostokeuncertaintyinbusinessdecisionmaking:HalfofourmembercompaniesarepessimisticaboutthefutureofUS-Chinarelationsinthecomingyearwiththree-quartersofmembersreportingthattheircompanieshavebeenimpactedbytradetensions.ApositivebilateralrelationshipisextremelyimportanttomembercompanybusinessesinChinaandmanyhopethatfuturetradenegotiationswillresultinmoreopenChinesemarketsandalevelplayingfieldforforeign-investedenterprises.?AmChamChinamemberslookingforwaystosupportthethatalSocialandGovernanceESGstrategyinChina.InadditiontoincreasingbrandvalueandaligningwithetentionColmRaffertyChairman,AmChamChinaMarch2023自中國(guó)美國(guó)商會(huì)于1919年在北京成立以來(lái)，一直致力于倡導(dǎo)穩(wěn)定而平衡的中美經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系。中美關(guān)系對(duì)全球和平與繁榮有著直接且深遠(yuǎn)的影響，對(duì)于許多美國(guó)企業(yè)而言，中國(guó)市場(chǎng)至關(guān)重要。我們的會(huì)員企業(yè)非常感謝中美兩國(guó)政策制定者對(duì)商會(huì)年度商務(wù)環(huán)境調(diào)查報(bào)告的密切關(guān)注。作為商會(huì)重要的政策陳言機(jī)制，該報(bào)告與中國(guó)美國(guó)商會(huì)“美國(guó)企業(yè)在中國(guó)白皮書”是我們向中美兩國(guó)政府提供富有實(shí)質(zhì)性建議、進(jìn)一步加深相互理解和成功解決問(wèn)題的重要抓手。盡管在新冠疫情期間，中美雙邊貿(mào)易持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，但雙邊關(guān)系使在華運(yùn)營(yíng)的美國(guó)企業(yè)的運(yùn)營(yíng)環(huán)境更加復(fù)雜。2022年，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)放緩、疫情防控和中美兩國(guó)新的合規(guī)要求疊加，在華美國(guó)企業(yè)遭遇了前所未有的挑戰(zhàn)。今年，我們非常高興再次與普華永道合作，共同研究和撰寫衡量在華美國(guó)企業(yè)意見(jiàn)重要指標(biāo)的第25期中國(guó)美國(guó)商會(huì)《中國(guó)商務(wù)環(huán)境調(diào)查報(bào)告》。此次報(bào)告向會(huì)員征求意見(jiàn)時(shí)間為2022年10月中旬至11月中旬。隨著中國(guó)疫情防控措施在去年年末調(diào)整，我們持續(xù)跟進(jìn)了會(huì)員企業(yè)在華運(yùn)營(yíng)情況。今年的調(diào)查報(bào)告中包括了以下重要議題：?與往年相比，會(huì)員企業(yè)對(duì)在華整體營(yíng)商環(huán)境略顯悲觀：2022年，34%的會(huì)員預(yù)估營(yíng)收將低于2021年水平。然而，盡管受到新冠肺炎疫情的沖擊，仍有32%的會(huì)員企業(yè)預(yù)計(jì)盈利將增加。2021年，會(huì)員企業(yè)曾表示在華財(cái)務(wù)表現(xiàn)趨于疫情前水平；但2022年受到新冠疫情防控措施的沖擊，會(huì)員企業(yè)整體財(cái)務(wù)表現(xiàn)跌落至2020?中國(guó)作為首要投資目的地的企業(yè)比例正在下降：2022年，不到半數(shù)的會(huì)員企業(yè)將中國(guó)列為前三大投資目的地之一，是首次出現(xiàn)的重大轉(zhuǎn)變。45%的受訪會(huì)員企業(yè)表示中國(guó)的投資環(huán)境正在惡化，同比上漲了31個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，是過(guò)去五年中該選項(xiàng)的最高比例。?大多數(shù)會(huì)員企業(yè)并未考慮轉(zhuǎn)移供應(yīng)鏈：我們的許多會(huì)員企業(yè)在華深耕數(shù)載，仍堅(jiān)守在華運(yùn)營(yíng)承諾。但是，自新冠疫情以來(lái)，考慮或已經(jīng)開(kāi)始將生產(chǎn)和采購(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)移至中國(guó)境外的企業(yè)比例首次增加了10個(gè)百分點(diǎn)?！帮L(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理”和“中美雙邊貿(mào)易摩擦”是會(huì)員企業(yè)考慮轉(zhuǎn)移產(chǎn)能的另外兩大因素。?中美關(guān)系緊張持續(xù)為在華運(yùn)營(yíng)帶來(lái)不確定性：半數(shù)會(huì)員企業(yè)預(yù)測(cè)2023年中美關(guān)系將惡化，四分之三的會(huì)員企業(yè)表示已受到中美雙邊貿(mào)易摩擦的影響。同時(shí)，會(huì)員企業(yè)表示，良好的中美雙邊關(guān)系對(duì)公司在華業(yè)務(wù)增長(zhǎng)至關(guān)重要。許多會(huì)員企業(yè)希望未來(lái)的雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)談判能聚焦在進(jìn)一步向外資開(kāi)放中國(guó)市場(chǎng)，并為外資企業(yè)爭(zhēng)取更多公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的機(jī)會(huì)。?中國(guó)美國(guó)商會(huì)會(huì)員期待參與支持中美合作議題：80%的會(huì)員企業(yè)表示在華實(shí)施了“環(huán)境，社會(huì)責(zé)任和公司治理(ESG)”戰(zhàn)略。會(huì)員企業(yè)認(rèn)為該戰(zhàn)略除了有利于公司樹(shù)立在華商業(yè)品牌形象并與總部ESG戰(zhàn)略一致外，有42%的會(huì)員企業(yè)表示ESG戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施有助于公司在華持續(xù)招聘和留住人才。本次報(bào)告中的數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)確而細(xì)致地反映了我們?cè)袊?guó)本土的會(huì)員企業(yè)的實(shí)際情況。隨著2023年1月8日起中國(guó)進(jìn)一步放寬新冠疫情防控措施，我們的會(huì)員企業(yè)期待更加深入的溝通往來(lái)，并期望兩國(guó)政府能通過(guò)實(shí)質(zhì)性的對(duì)話解決突出性問(wèn)題。華剛林中國(guó)美國(guó)商會(huì)主席二零二三年三月AmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimateSurveyReportExecutiveSummaryookneinperformancewasattributedtoCOVIDFigure20.Topivebusinesschallengesinchina圖20.企業(yè)在中國(guó)市場(chǎng)面臨的五大商業(yè)挑戰(zhàn)11Inconsistentregulatoryinterpretationandunclearlaws&enforcement法律法規(guī)和執(zhí)行不一致/55%Risinglaborcosts45%RisingtensionsinUS-Chinarelations%RisingtensionsinUS-Chinarelations56%RisingtensionsinUS-Chinarelations22Risinglaborcosts48%Inconsistentregulatoryinterpretationandunclearlaws&enforcement法律法規(guī)和執(zhí)行不一致/41%Risinglaborcosts40%Inconsistentregulatoryinterpretationandunclearlaws&enforcement法律法規(guī)和執(zhí)行不一致/31%CoVID19prevention55%33RisingtensionsinUS-Chinarelations45%RisingtensionsinUS-Chinarelations41%Inconsistentregulatoryinterpretationandunclearlaws&enforcement法律法規(guī)和執(zhí)行不一致/37%Risinglaborcosts%Inconsistentregulatoryinterpretationandunclearlaws&enforcement法律法規(guī)和執(zhí)行不一致/32%44IncreasingcompetitionfromprivatelyownedChinesecompanies業(yè)的日益58%Regulatorycompliancerisks%IncreasingcompetitionfromprivatelyownedChinesecompanies業(yè)的日益33%Regulatorycompliancerisks%Risinglaborcosts%55Shortagesofqualiiedmanagement理人員%Shortagesofqualiiedmanagement理人員%Concernsaboutdatasecurity擔(dān)憂%Concernsaboutdatasecurity擔(dān)憂%Regulatorycompliancerisks%AmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimateSurveyReportOUp 概述在經(jīng)歷了整整三年的新冠肺炎疫情之后，中國(guó)美國(guó)商會(huì)會(huì)員企業(yè)對(duì)在華經(jīng)營(yíng)的前景稍顯悲觀情緒。這種悲觀態(tài)度反映在會(huì)員企業(yè)在華財(cái)務(wù)表現(xiàn)，以及對(duì)中國(guó)的開(kāi)放程度和商業(yè)環(huán)境的整體預(yù)期上。2022年，會(huì)員企業(yè)業(yè)績(jī)預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果顯示，在華收入、利潤(rùn)率和息稅前利潤(rùn)率(EBIT)都呈現(xiàn)出同比下降趨勢(shì)。新冠疫情防控措施是導(dǎo)致2022年業(yè)績(jī)下降的一個(gè)主要原因。雖然許多會(huì)員企業(yè)仍將中國(guó)視為首選市場(chǎng)，但今年將中國(guó)列為前三大投資目的地之一的會(huì)員企業(yè)數(shù)量急劇下降。隨著中國(guó)成為眾多投資目的地之一，會(huì)員企業(yè)對(duì)增加在華投資和戰(zhàn)略優(yōu)先的意愿也正在下降。中美雙邊關(guān)系的不確定性仍然是會(huì)員企業(yè)在華業(yè)務(wù)的首要商業(yè)挑戰(zhàn)。與此同時(shí)，會(huì)員企業(yè)還面臨著監(jiān)管環(huán)境的不確定性增加和勞動(dòng)力成本上升的挑戰(zhàn)。2022年財(cái)務(wù)表現(xiàn)再次下降至2020年水平34%的會(huì)員企業(yè)預(yù)計(jì)2022年企業(yè)營(yíng)收將低于2021年。盡管2021年會(huì)員企業(yè)預(yù)測(cè)在華財(cái)務(wù)表現(xiàn)和市場(chǎng)增長(zhǎng)水平將逐步恢復(fù)到疫情前水平，2022年的財(cái)務(wù)表現(xiàn)結(jié)果與2020年新冠疫情初期的表現(xiàn)相似(圖9)。三分之二的受訪企業(yè)表示，2022年在華財(cái)務(wù)表現(xiàn)大部分是由疫情間歇性封鎖隔離措施導(dǎo)致的(圖10)。預(yù)計(jì)Figure9.HoWdoestheestimated2022revenueofyourcompany,schinaoperationscompareWith2021results?%Bypercentage圖9.2022年貴公司在華業(yè)務(wù)的經(jīng)營(yíng)收入預(yù)計(jì)與2021%Bypercentage96AmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimateSurveyReportgasChinabecomessinglaborcostsedinestimatedtodeclineagaintolevelsorsexpectingtobeprofitabledroppedsignificantlyFigureForthefirsttime,membersarelesswillingtoinvestinChinaurenomicgrowthinChinaandoveralluncertaintyintheUSChinaeconomicFigure26.china,srankinnear-termglobalinvestmentplans圖26.中國(guó)在近期全球投資計(jì)劃中的重要性%Bypercentage182019202020212022AmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimateSurveyReport777盈利的企業(yè)比例從2021年的59%下降到2022年的44%,五分之一的受訪企業(yè)在2022年面臨虧損。技術(shù)和研發(fā)行業(yè)、資源和工業(yè)行業(yè)和服務(wù)行業(yè)中預(yù)期盈利的會(huì)員比例大幅下降(圖11)。中國(guó)作為首要投資目的地的企業(yè)比例首次出現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì)2022年,不到半數(shù)的會(huì)員企業(yè)將中國(guó)列為前三大投資目的地之一,這是首次出現(xiàn)的重大轉(zhuǎn)變(圖26)。近半數(shù)的會(huì)員(45%)表示中國(guó)的投資環(huán)境正在惡化,同比上升了31個(gè)百分點(diǎn),是過(guò)去五年中該選項(xiàng)的最高比例。大多數(shù)會(huì)員企業(yè)表示正在調(diào)整在華投資計(jì)劃,選擇不做任何改變,甚至減少投資。會(huì)員企業(yè)表示減少投資的主要原因包括中國(guó)政策環(huán)境的不確定性、對(duì)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)放緩的預(yù)期,以及中美經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系的不確定性 (圖29)。會(huì)員企業(yè)對(duì)中國(guó)進(jìn)一步對(duì)外資開(kāi)放的信心不足近半數(shù)的會(huì)員企業(yè)仍然感到在中國(guó)“不太受歡迎”,這一趨勢(shì)自2020年以來(lái)增加了11個(gè)百分點(diǎn)(圖38),這可能與限制性技術(shù)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)相關(guān)政策或中美關(guān)系日益緊張有關(guān)。超過(guò)三分之一的受訪企業(yè)表示,與本土企Figure39.HoWareforeigncompanieSinyourinduStrytreatedbygovernmentpolicieSandenforcementactionSrelativetodomeSticcompanieS?圖39.與國(guó)內(nèi)公司相比,您所在行業(yè)的外資公司受到的待遇如何？%%Bypercentage相比本土企業(yè),外資企業(yè)受到優(yōu)惠待遇相比本土企業(yè),外資企業(yè)受到同相比本土企業(yè),外資企業(yè)受到不公7766664466666620212022202120221202220212022AmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimateSurveyReport5Figure43.HoWconidentareyouthatthechinesegovernmentiscommittedtofurtheropeningchina,smarkettoforeigninvestmentinthecomingthreeyears?圖43.您對(duì)中國(guó)政府在未來(lái)三年將進(jìn)一步向外資開(kāi)放市場(chǎng)持有多少信心？%BypercentageOVery%Bypercentage777OConidentOUnsureONotconidentOVeryunconident有信心不確定沒(méi)有信心非常沒(méi)有信心63367388666685820212022202120222021202220212022ralopennesstoforeigncompaniesarFigureawithdifficultyprosecutingIPinfringementsandinsufficientgesThemajorityofmembersarenotconsideringrelocatingtheirsupplychainbuttherewasa10%increaseamongoareconsideringthisoptionAmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimateSurveyReport44631 44631 99 322Figure60.Inthelastyear,china,senforcementofIntellectualProperty圖60.在過(guò)去一年中,中國(guó)在知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法律法規(guī)執(zhí)行方面%%BypercentageOImprovedOStayedthesameODeterioratedOU心ure44685業(yè)相比，外資企業(yè)在政策制定和行政執(zhí)法中受到了不公平的對(duì)待，同比上升了5個(gè)百分點(diǎn)(圖40)。此外，所有行業(yè)對(duì)中國(guó)政策的不確定性和缺乏信心的情況連續(xù)兩年增加，會(huì)員企業(yè)對(duì)中國(guó)是否進(jìn)一步向外資開(kāi)放市場(chǎng)表現(xiàn)出信心不足(圖43)。85%的受訪企業(yè)認(rèn)為“創(chuàng)新和研發(fā)“對(duì)在華業(yè)務(wù)增長(zhǎng)十分重要，環(huán)比有所增加(圖57)。企業(yè)創(chuàng)新的前三大障礙是對(duì)科技脫鉤的擔(dān)憂、嚴(yán)格的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全政策和知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)不足。在過(guò)去五年中，對(duì)中國(guó)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法情況持不確定性的會(huì)員企業(yè)不斷上升，盡管超三分之一的會(huì)員表示在過(guò)去一年中國(guó)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法情況有所改善。近四分之一的會(huì)員表示，知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)不足限制了在中國(guó)的投資，難以起訴知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)侵權(quán)行為和對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)不足是前兩大商業(yè)挑戰(zhàn)。大多數(shù)會(huì)員企業(yè)并未考慮轉(zhuǎn)移供應(yīng)鏈，但計(jì)劃轉(zhuǎn)移產(chǎn)業(yè)供應(yīng)鏈的會(huì)員比例同比增長(zhǎng)了10個(gè)百分點(diǎn)大多數(shù)會(huì)員企業(yè)沒(méi)有計(jì)劃將其供應(yīng)鏈轉(zhuǎn)移出中國(guó)。然而，自新冠疫情以來(lái)，考慮或已經(jīng)開(kāi)始將生產(chǎn)和采購(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)移至中國(guó)境外的企業(yè)比例首次增加了10個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。在24%考慮轉(zhuǎn)移的企業(yè)中，有三分之一計(jì)劃將業(yè)務(wù)遷回美國(guó)，比2021年增加6個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，這可能與中美關(guān)系日益緊張有關(guān)(圖37)。AmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimateSurveyReport87278727739233Figure35.Isyourcompanyconsidering,orhasitalreadybeguntheprocessofrelocatingmanufacturingorsourcingoutsideofchina?圖35.貴公司是否開(kāi)始,或考慮開(kāi)始將生產(chǎn)或采購(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)移至中國(guó)境外？%%Bypercentage不,我們沒(méi)有打算將制造或采購(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)移出是的,我們?cè)诳紤]但還未采取任何措施將中國(guó)是的,我們已開(kāi)始將制造或采購(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)移出OOther2naonethirdplantomoveoperationsbacktotheUSupppfromThismayberelatedtorisingtensioninUS-Chinarelations(Figure37).pthreehumanresourcechallengesincludeUSChinarelationsandpeoplerelatedcostsunwillingtomovetoChina.MembersaretakingactiontoleverageESGstrategiesinChinaoperationsndhelpwithntrecruitmentandretentionFigureofmembersrankedDiversityEquityandInclusionDEIastheirtopESG AmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimate 510446931源相關(guān)成本”是會(huì)員企業(yè)面臨的主要人力資源挑戰(zhàn)會(huì)員企業(yè)表示在人力資源方面的前三大挑戰(zhàn)包括“中美關(guān)系510446931源相關(guān)成本”是會(huì)員企業(yè)面臨的主要人力資源挑戰(zhàn)會(huì)員企業(yè)表示在人力資源方面的前三大挑戰(zhàn)包括“中美關(guān)系緊張和地緣局勢(shì)惡化”(43%)、“整體人力成本增加”(37%)和“薪資成本上漲”(31%)(圖49)。在今年的調(diào)查中,51%的會(huì)員表示,公司外籍候選人不愿意前往中國(guó)工作,該比例較去年增加了21個(gè)百分點(diǎn)(圖53)。隨著2023年1月8日起中國(guó)進(jìn)一步放寬新冠疫情防控措施,國(guó)際航班預(yù)計(jì)將逐步恢復(fù)到新冠疫情前的水平。但對(duì)外籍人才是否愿意重返中國(guó)仍充滿未知。會(huì)員企業(yè)在華實(shí)施“環(huán)境、社會(huì)責(zé)任和公司治理”(EsG)戰(zhàn)略80%的受訪企業(yè)表示正在或計(jì)劃在中國(guó)實(shí)施“環(huán)境(E)、社會(huì)責(zé)任(S)和公司治理(G)”戰(zhàn)略(圖23)。會(huì)員認(rèn)為該戰(zhàn)略有利于公司樹(shù)立在華商業(yè)品牌形象,并確保持續(xù)招聘和留存人才(圖24)。73%的會(huì)員將多元、平等和包容(DEI)列為在華ESG戰(zhàn)略的首要焦點(diǎn),其次是公司治理和商業(yè)道德(72%)。約60%的會(huì)員企業(yè)表示其在華ESG戰(zhàn)略關(guān)注氣候變化議題(圖25)。420781Figure53.SigniicantchallengeStorecruitandretainexpatriatetalenttoWorkinchina圖53.招聘和留住在華外籍工作人員的顯著挑戰(zhàn)%BypercentageO2022O2021QualiiedCandidatesunwillingtomoVetoChina搬到中國(guó)QualiiedCandidatesunabletomoVetoChina到中國(guó)alConCerns它地緣政治因素regulationslnternet/mediaCensorship聯(lián)網(wǎng)/媒體審查otherandsafetyConCerns題Poorairquality66食品/用水安全顧慮 AmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimate Figure23.DoesyourcompanyimplementEnvironmental(E),Social(S),andGovernance(G)strategiesinchinaoperations?圖23.貴公司在中國(guó)是否實(shí)施了“環(huán)境、社會(huì)責(zé)任和公司治理”(ESG)戰(zhàn)略？%Bypercentage%881466inChinaanditisalignedtrategyOYes,WemodiiedourglobalESGstrategyandtailoreditfortheChmamarket進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化,以更適應(yīng)中國(guó)市OourcompanyhasanESGstrategyatthegloballeVel,buthasnotimplementeditinChinayet部層面有ESG戰(zhàn)略,但目前在華沒(méi)有OourcompanydoesnothaVe行業(yè)9174onsumer595978ntheUSandChinaremainthetopbusinesschallengeandimprovedreThisisespeciallytrueintheTechandRDsectorastheUSandChinatheirgure AmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimateSurveyReport529529 13Figure65.ImportanceofpositivebilateralrelationsbetWeenchinaandtheUStoyourcompany,sbusinessgroWthinchina圖65.良好的中美雙邊關(guān)系對(duì)貴公司在華業(yè)務(wù)增長(zhǎng)的重要性%%BypercentageOExtremelyimportantOVeryimportantOSomewhatimportantONotimportantONotatallimportant8 496 33445643585853“中美關(guān)系緊張”仍然是最大商業(yè)挑戰(zhàn),雙邊關(guān)系改善對(duì)會(huì)員企業(yè)在華業(yè)務(wù)增長(zhǎng)至關(guān)重要66%的受訪企業(yè)表示,中美雙邊關(guān)系的不確定性是在華運(yùn)營(yíng)的首要商業(yè)挑戰(zhàn)(圖21),技術(shù)和研發(fā)行業(yè)尤其如此。隨著中美在半導(dǎo)體方面的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日益激烈,這可能預(yù)示著雙邊關(guān)系進(jìn)一步惡化。約半數(shù)的會(huì)員企業(yè)認(rèn)為中美雙邊關(guān)系將繼續(xù)惡化,該比例幾乎是三年前的兩倍(圖66)。會(huì)員企業(yè)希望能進(jìn)一步得益于中美雙邊持續(xù)的經(jīng)貿(mào)會(huì)談。關(guān)于中美第一階段貿(mào)易協(xié)議,至少有三分之一的會(huì)員仍然不確定協(xié)定對(duì)企業(yè)在華營(yíng)商的影響(圖68)。60%的會(huì)員企業(yè)希望未來(lái)的雙邊貿(mào)易談判能進(jìn)一步向外資開(kāi)放中國(guó)市場(chǎng)(比例比去年上升17個(gè)百分點(diǎn)),43%的會(huì)員企業(yè)希望進(jìn)一步降低關(guān)稅(比去年上升17個(gè)百分點(diǎn))(圖69)。中美兩國(guó)政府都對(duì)在華美資企業(yè)的運(yùn)營(yíng)發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用。會(huì)員提出的首要建議是兩國(guó)政府避免使用激烈的言辭和采取針?shù)h相對(duì)的行動(dòng)。AmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimateSurveyReport 2023SurveyMethodologySurveyreSpondentSrepreSententerpriSeSofvariouSSizeSfromabroadrangeofinduStrieS,inCludingmanyWithglobaloperationS.WeContinuetogrouptheSeinduStrieSintofourSeCtorSforfurtherdataologyotherRDintenSiveinduStrieSTeChandRDReSourCeSandlnduStrialRltSandServiCeSandServiCeSThiSyearWeaddedneWqueStionSaboutmemberSEnvironmental,SoCial,andGovernanCe(ESG)StrategyinChina,andContinuetoeXaminetheimpaCtof受訪者來(lái)自各行各業(yè)且規(guī)模不—,但其中很多都有全球業(yè)務(wù)。為進(jìn)—步分析數(shù)據(jù),本調(diào)查報(bào)告將這些行業(yè)分為四大類:科技和其他研發(fā)密集型行業(yè)(技術(shù)與研發(fā)行業(yè)),資源和工業(yè)行業(yè),消費(fèi)行業(yè)(包含產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)),以及服務(wù)行業(yè)。今年,我們還針對(duì)會(huì)員在中國(guó)實(shí)施"環(huán)境、社會(huì)責(zé)任和公司治理“(ESG)戰(zhàn)略”增加了新注:由于四舍五入,各數(shù)據(jù)之和可能不等于總額(100%) AmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimateSurveyReportn914Lessthan10million10to100million100to500million500millionto1billion億元1to10billion10to50billionMorethan50billionDidnotanswer5中國(guó)高管級(jí)別(包括CEO,副總裁,總經(jīng)理,董事總經(jīng)理,首席代表)DireCtorofgoVernmentrelationsorpubliCrelationsdepartment關(guān)系部門總監(jiān)DireCtor/funCtionalleaderofother總監(jiān)/其他職能部門主管(如:人力資源部總監(jiān),財(cái)務(wù)總監(jiān),銷售總監(jiān),首席運(yùn)營(yíng)13Other15China,US,andoutsideofChinaandtheUS中國(guó),美國(guó)和中美以外的其他國(guó)家和地區(qū)ChinaonlyBothChinaandtheUS11China,andoutsideoftheUS中國(guó),中國(guó)和美國(guó)以外的其他國(guó)家和地區(qū)OutsideofbothChinaandtheUS22US,andoutsiteofChina美國(guó),中國(guó)和美國(guó)以外的其他國(guó)家和地區(qū)1Figure1.Numberofemployees%BypercentageFigure2.Revenue(2021USDestimate)圖2.2022年?duì)I收(單位:美元,估值)%Bypercentage6223Figure3.Respondents,position%BypercentageFigure4.Wheredoesyourcompanyhavealegalce圖4.貴企業(yè)在哪些國(guó)家有依法注冊(cè)的辦公場(chǎng)所?%BypercentageAmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimateSurveyReport BypercentageBypercentage4Figure5.Wherearethecustomersthatyourcompanyprimarilyserves?圖5.貴企業(yè)主要服務(wù)哪些國(guó)家的客戶？%Bypercentage33Figure6.Whatpercentageofyourcompany,sglobalrevenuesdidchinaaccountforin2021?圖6.2021年貴企業(yè)在中國(guó)營(yíng)收占全球營(yíng)收的比例如何？%%6639333 AmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimate 74Bypercentage74BypercentageFigure7.Members,mainbusinessmodelsinchinabysector圖7.不同行業(yè)會(huì)員在中國(guó)的主要商業(yè)模式%%針對(duì)中國(guó)市場(chǎng),在華生產(chǎn)或提供產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)中國(guó)針對(duì)美國(guó)市場(chǎng),在華生產(chǎn)或提供產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)OOther針對(duì)中美兩國(guó)以外市場(chǎng),在華生產(chǎn)或提供產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)755358891919352913776944465435344452AmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimateSurveyReport Resources&Resources&Industrial (n=67)s (n=78)金融服務(wù)(如銀行、保險(xiǎn))如私募股權(quán)、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資)gFigure8.SurVeyrespondentsWeresegmentedintofourmaincategories圖8.將受訪企業(yè)所屬行業(yè)分為四大類別TechnologyTechnology&otherR&D-intensiVeindustries (TechandR&D)行業(yè) (n=65)器械)cconsumer (n=83)oother (n=26)其它行業(yè)(如:供應(yīng)鏈管理、產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)和外包,投資和貿(mào)易等) AmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimateSurveyReportPrefaceeaThre2022年,新冠疫情防控措施影響了在華美國(guó)企業(yè)的整體業(yè)務(wù)表現(xiàn)。營(yíng)商環(huán)境呈現(xiàn)整體悲觀趨勢(shì)。2022年會(huì)員企業(yè)預(yù)估營(yíng)收再次跌落至2020年水平,超過(guò)1/3的受訪企業(yè)(34%)反映其營(yíng)收下降(圖9)。約56%的會(huì)員企業(yè)預(yù)估不會(huì)盈利,該比例為自新冠肺炎疫情以來(lái)的最高值(圖11)。此外,僅19%的會(huì)員預(yù)估其2022年的息稅前利潤(rùn)率(EBlT)將上升,所占比例較去年下降了26個(gè)百分點(diǎn)(圖12)。50%的會(huì)員認(rèn)為“中國(guó)市場(chǎng)的業(yè)務(wù)增長(zhǎng)”仍然是公司息稅前利潤(rùn)率增長(zhǎng)的關(guān)鍵驅(qū)動(dòng)力(圖13)。同時(shí),相比前—年,新冠疫情防控措施成為受訪企業(yè)息稅前利潤(rùn)率下降主要因素(圖12),間歇性的封鎖隔離措施阻礙了會(huì)員企業(yè)業(yè)務(wù)開(kāi)展,尤其是消費(fèi)行業(yè)和服務(wù)行業(yè)(圖14)。 AmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimate BypercentageBypercentageOUp Comparedto2021,2022revenueisestimatedtohavedeclinedagainto2020levels與2021年相比,2022年?duì)I收預(yù)估下滑至2020年水平Figure9.HoWdoestheestimated2022revenueofyourcompany,schinaoperationscompareWith2021results?圖9.2022年貴公司在華業(yè)務(wù)的經(jīng)營(yíng)收入預(yù)計(jì)與2021年相比有何變化？%%96整體營(yíng)收表現(xiàn)下滑至2020年水平。僅32%的受訪企業(yè)預(yù)計(jì)therespondentsestimatedtheirannualrevenueWouldincrease,a26ppdecreasecom-其年收入會(huì)增加,比2021年減少26個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。所有行業(yè)會(huì)員企業(yè)的營(yíng)收損失都在不同程度上增加。消費(fèi)行r業(yè)的營(yíng)收大幅減少,近半數(shù)的該行業(yè)受訪企業(yè)預(yù)計(jì)營(yíng)收下降,其主要原因是全年的間歇性封鎖隔離措施迫使企業(yè)減少運(yùn)營(yíng)ingarevenuedecline.SuchlossesmaybeeXplainedbytheintermittentlockdoWns AmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimate TheThepandemicandCOVID-19preventionmeasuresdeepenedrevenuelosses疫情及相關(guān)防控措施加劇了營(yíng)收損失Figure10.ToWhatextentdoyouexpect2022revenueresultstobeimpactedbythecOVID-19pandemic,speciicallyintermittentlockdoWnstocontrollocaloutbreaksWithinchina?圖10.您預(yù)計(jì)貴公司2022年在華營(yíng)收受新冠肺炎疫情影響程度如何？%Bypercentage%4467533855578787522228822266555531665228yy tAmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimateSurveyReport在消費(fèi)行業(yè)中,約70%的受訪企業(yè)預(yù)計(jì)營(yíng)收會(huì)因新冠疫情(尤其是封鎖隔離)而減少,近8%消費(fèi)行業(yè)受訪企業(yè)2年預(yù)期營(yíng)收將減少50%以上,在所有行業(yè)中降1/4的資源和工業(yè)行業(yè)會(huì)員認(rèn)為預(yù)期營(yíng)收將增加,在所有行業(yè)中占比最高。約15%的技術(shù)和研發(fā)行業(yè)會(huì)員認(rèn)為其657proitableOProitableOBreak大幅虧損657proitableOProitableOBreak大幅虧損9 4481956694975513 543923Bypercentage56%ofmembersexpectnottohavebeenproftablein2022,thehighestproportionsincethepandemicbegan56%的會(huì)員預(yù)計(jì)2022年不會(huì)盈利,為自疫情以來(lái)的最高值Figure11.HoWWouldyoucharacterizeyourcompany,sinancialperformanceinchinain2022?圖11.2022年貴公司在華業(yè)務(wù)的營(yíng)收狀況如何？%%對(duì)市場(chǎng)調(diào)整的擔(dān)憂持續(xù)削弱企業(yè)對(duì)市場(chǎng)增長(zhǎng)前景的信心。利潤(rùn),56%的受訪企業(yè)預(yù)計(jì)不會(huì)盈利。與2021年相比,資源和工業(yè)行業(yè)以及服務(wù)行業(yè)的利潤(rùn)損失最大,分別損失25個(gè)百分點(diǎn)和22個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。盡管消費(fèi)行業(yè)的盈利僅略有減少(同比下降5個(gè)百分點(diǎn)),但該行業(yè)在疫情三decreaSeinproitability(5pploWerthanin2021),theSectorSuferedacon-tinuingdeclineinproitabilityduringthepandemic.AmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimateSurveyReport %BypercentageOUp EBITmarginsnearlyreturnedto2020levels,althoughtherewerelargedeclinesintheConsumerandServicessectorscomparedto2021息稅前利潤(rùn)率也降至2020年水平,消費(fèi)行業(yè)和服務(wù)行業(yè)同比下降幅度最大Figure12.HoWdotheeStimated2022EBITmarginSofyourcompany,SchinaoperationScompareWiththoSeof2021?圖12.貴公司2022年在華業(yè)務(wù)的息稅前利潤(rùn)率預(yù)計(jì)與2021年息稅前利潤(rùn)率相比如何？6 24eyfAmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimateSurveyReport利潤(rùn)率也大幅下降。40%的受訪企業(yè)表示其2022年息稅前利潤(rùn)同比有所下降,上漲了24個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。服務(wù)行業(yè)的息稅前利潤(rùn)率下降幅度最大,44%的受訪企業(yè)表示2022年息稅前利潤(rùn)率有所下降,占比上漲了38個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。盡管在華整體業(yè)務(wù)面臨挑戰(zhàn),技術(shù)和研發(fā)行業(yè)的息稅前利潤(rùn)率增幅最大,有1/4的受訪企業(yè)表示其息稅前5395393的產(chǎn)品改善OOtherBusinessgrowthrankedastheprimarydriverforincreasedEBITmarginsin2022“業(yè)務(wù)增長(zhǎng)“是2022年息稅前利潤(rùn)率增長(zhǎng)的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)因素Figure13.WhatWastheprimarydriverforincreasedEBITmargins?圖13.息稅前利潤(rùn)上升的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)因素%%Bypercentage853663318366666633337777 portedhigherEBlTmarginsfor 的受訪企業(yè)表示其2022年息稅前利潤(rùn)率增加,“整體業(yè)務(wù)增長(zhǎng)”是關(guān)鍵驅(qū)動(dòng)力。然而,除了資源和工業(yè)行業(yè)外,消費(fèi)行業(yè)、服務(wù)行業(yè)和技術(shù)與研發(fā)行業(yè)均低于全行業(yè)平均值,部分受訪企業(yè)將其息稅前利潤(rùn)率的增長(zhǎng)歸功于全新或改進(jìn)產(chǎn)品和服務(wù),與去年的數(shù)據(jù)趨勢(shì) AmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimate 6777844667778446777443533835886252440MembersviewCOVID-19asabiggerdriverof‘down’EBITmarginscomparedtolastyear(up20~30ppsince2021)新冠肺炎疫情是企業(yè)息稅前利潤(rùn)率下降的首要因素Figure14.ForthoseWhoselected,DoWn,,WhatWastheprimarydriver?圖14.息稅前利潤(rùn)下降的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)因素%Bypercentage%7785131惡化進(jìn)不足bleregulatoryOOther其他“新冠肺炎疫情”仍然是2022年會(huì)員企業(yè)息稅前利潤(rùn)率下降的首要因素,持此觀點(diǎn)的受訪企業(yè)占43%,較2021年增加了23個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。65%的消費(fèi)行業(yè)會(huì)員和45%的服務(wù)行業(yè)會(huì)員表示新冠疫情嚴(yán)重影響其息稅前利潤(rùn)率,分別同比增長(zhǎng)29個(gè)百分比和25個(gè)百分比。值得注意的是,24%的技術(shù)與研發(fā)行業(yè)會(huì)員表示“中美關(guān)系惡化”是其息稅前利潤(rùn)率下降的主要因素,超過(guò)了新冠疫情的影響。 AmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimate BypercentageBypercentageOUp Nearly50%ofrespondentssaytheirestimatedEBITmarginswerecomparabletotheirglobalmargins近半數(shù)受訪者預(yù)估其在華業(yè)務(wù)的息稅前利潤(rùn)率與全球其他地區(qū)持平Figure15.HoWdotheeStimatedEBITmarginSofyourcompany,SchinaoperationScompareWithyourcompany,SglobalmarginSin2022?圖15.2022年貴公司在華業(yè)務(wù)的息稅前利潤(rùn)率與全球息稅前利潤(rùn)率相比如何？%%e近半數(shù)受訪企業(yè)(48%)預(yù)計(jì)2022年在華業(yè)務(wù)的息稅前利潤(rùn)率與全球其他地區(qū)持平,占比延續(xù)了近年來(lái)的趨勢(shì)。與去年相比,最大的不同來(lái)自于消費(fèi)行業(yè)和服務(wù)行業(yè)。在消費(fèi)行業(yè)中,表示在華業(yè)務(wù)息稅前利潤(rùn)率水平低于全球其他地區(qū)的企業(yè)占比上升了21個(gè)百分點(diǎn);服務(wù)行業(yè)中,這—比例上升了20個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。 AmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimate 2.PrefacewnppyeartionoryifiedceGageIe受訪企業(yè)對(duì)在華業(yè)務(wù)中短期前景所持的樂(lè)觀態(tài)度持續(xù)降低,尤其針對(duì)中國(guó)市場(chǎng)增長(zhǎng)(同比下降22個(gè)百分點(diǎn))、盈利潛力(同比下降23個(gè)百分點(diǎn))以及經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇及增長(zhǎng)(同比下降24個(gè)百分點(diǎn))等方面(圖16)?！爸忻狸P(guān)系緊張”仍然是許多會(huì)員企業(yè)面臨的首要商業(yè)挑戰(zhàn),比去年增加了10個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。2022年,新冠疫情防控措施成為五大商業(yè)挑戰(zhàn)之—(圖20)。此外,與新冠疫情相關(guān)的商務(wù)出行干擾仍然是在華開(kāi)展業(yè)務(wù)的跨國(guó)企業(yè)的核心問(wèn)題,53%的受訪企業(yè)表示,鑒于新冠疫情相關(guān)出行干擾,其在華投資計(jì)劃沒(méi)有改變。技術(shù)和研發(fā)行業(yè)強(qiáng)調(diào)了對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)安全的擔(dān)憂、法律法規(guī)和/或執(zhí)法不—致/不明確以及中國(guó)保護(hù)主義不斷升級(jí)的新挑戰(zhàn),這表明該行業(yè)企業(yè)所處營(yíng)商環(huán)境日趨不利。對(duì)于資源和工業(yè)行業(yè)的企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō),與去年相比,“知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)侵權(quán)”已成為—個(gè)新的挑戰(zhàn)。服務(wù)行業(yè)也遇到了合格員工短缺的問(wèn)題,23%的受訪企業(yè)對(duì)此表示擔(dān)憂(圖21)。80%的會(huì)員表示正推進(jìn)在中國(guó)運(yùn)營(yíng)中實(shí)施“環(huán)境(E)、社會(huì)責(zé)任(S)和公司治理(G)”戰(zhàn)略。大多數(shù)受訪企業(yè)利用該戰(zhàn)略提高在華市場(chǎng)的積極商業(yè)形象(圖24)。會(huì)員在中國(guó)的ESG最佳實(shí)踐集中在多元、平等和包容(DEI)、公司治理和商業(yè)道德以及社會(huì)貢獻(xiàn)等方面(圖25)。 AmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimate 2.12.1GrowthOutlookandOpportunities增長(zhǎng)前景與機(jī)遇Comparedtolastyear,members’optimismisdownacrossalmostallsectors與2021年相比,會(huì)員企業(yè)對(duì)在華中短期的業(yè)務(wù)展望樂(lè)觀度下降Figure16.TWo-yearbusinessoutlookinchina圖16.貴公司對(duì)今后兩年的中國(guó)業(yè)務(wù)展望%Bypercentage3997785587774483778663333771355 tyAmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimateSurveyReport商業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)所表現(xiàn)出的悲觀情緒持續(xù)增加。針對(duì)中國(guó)市場(chǎng)增長(zhǎng)(31%,同比增加了18個(gè)百分點(diǎn))、盈利潛力(31%,同比增加了15個(gè)百分點(diǎn))和經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇/增長(zhǎng)(39%,同比增加了23個(gè)百分點(diǎn))等方面體現(xiàn)的最為明顯。會(huì)員企業(yè)對(duì)中美關(guān)系的前景也保持悲觀態(tài)度,44736Expectationsforindustrymarketgrowthin2023arelowerthanin2022acrossallsectors所有行業(yè)受訪企業(yè)均預(yù)計(jì)2023年的市場(chǎng)增長(zhǎng)情況要低于2022年水平Figure17.Forecastforyourindustry,smarketgroWthin2023vs.2022圖17.與2022年相比,預(yù)計(jì)2023年行業(yè)市場(chǎng)的增長(zhǎng)情況%BypercentageOFlat增長(zhǎng)低于5%零增長(zhǎng)6633333755344445 5335的預(yù)期。36%的受訪企業(yè)認(rèn)為他們的行業(yè)不會(huì)出現(xiàn)任何潛在的增長(zhǎng),所占比例同比上升了17個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。在服務(wù)行業(yè)中,44%的受訪企業(yè)對(duì)市場(chǎng)增長(zhǎng)預(yù)期持負(fù)面看法,所占比例同比上升了28個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。在資源和工業(yè)行業(yè)中,40%。AmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimateSurveyReport 2.2InvestmentOutlook2.2InvestmentOutlook投資前景COVID-19preventionmeasurescontinuetonegativelyimpactbusinessoperationsinChina新冠疫情防控措施對(duì)在華商業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)產(chǎn)生持續(xù)的負(fù)面影響Figure18.EXtentofcOVID-19pandemicimpacton2022businessoperationsinchina圖18.2022年新冠肺炎疫情對(duì)商業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)的影響程度%BypercentageOSigniicant面影響面影響OSigniicantFinancialimpact財(cái)務(wù)影響335162230343021164ility本1求2價(jià)格322832615151 AmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimateSurveyReport1111111111151411111111111514Humanresources人力資源3363847271的21ity/eiciency11252551Traveldisruptions出行干擾11605411行1111限制,外派工作人員、的由于商業(yè)航班不足, AmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimate Manufacturing制造112129112129231313334銷和 34yingdegreesandsomeofrespondentssaythattheirCompanysandunCertaintyaboutruptionsimpaCtedmembers,internationaltraVelplansandsignifiCantlylofrespondentsreportedanegatiVelquarantinepoliCieslnternationaltransportationCostsalsoinAmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimateSurveyReport從積極的方面來(lái)看,大多數(shù)受訪企業(yè)表示,持續(xù)的新冠疫情防控措施并未影響到公司人力資源相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)。然而,70%的受訪企約31%的受訪企業(yè)表示,新冠疫情對(duì)遠(yuǎn)程辦公所需的信息技術(shù)2022年,新冠疫情防控措施開(kāi)始影響會(huì)員企業(yè)的財(cái)務(wù)表現(xiàn),冠疫情防控措施影響商務(wù)出行和生產(chǎn)表達(dá)出更顯著極態(tài)度和不確定性。出行干擾不僅影響了企業(yè)的國(guó)際出行計(jì)劃,還限制了其國(guó)內(nèi)出行計(jì)劃。96%的受訪企業(yè)表示新冠疫情防控措施對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)商務(wù)出行有負(fù)面影響,97%的受訪企業(yè)表達(dá)了方防疫政策的負(fù)面影響。國(guó)際運(yùn)輸成本也因新冠疫情防控措施而增加,51%的受訪企業(yè)因此受到嚴(yán)重負(fù)面影響。OverOverhalfofrespondentsreportnochangeininvestmentplansdespiteCOVID-relatedtraveldisruptions近半數(shù)受訪者表示,雖然新冠疫情防控措施干擾出行,在華投資計(jì)劃不變Figure19.ImpactofcOVID-relatedtraveldisruptionson2022china-relatedinvestmentonsUS圖19.新冠肺炎疫情導(dǎo)致的出行限制對(duì)2022年在華投資決策的影響(美元)%Bypercentage23112333OOtherAmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimateSurveyReport rchand盡管新冠疫情防控措施對(duì)2022年的營(yíng)商情況產(chǎn)生了重大影響,超過(guò)半數(shù)的受訪企業(yè)(53%)表示他們并未改變?cè)谌A投資計(jì)劃。然而,仍有22%的受訪企業(yè)表示新冠疫情防控措施對(duì)出行的干擾致使公司減消費(fèi)行業(yè)和技術(shù)與研發(fā)行業(yè)選擇削減投資Figure19.ImpactofcOVID-relatedtraveldisruptionson2022china-relatedinvestmentdecisions(US$)圖19.新冠肺炎疫情導(dǎo)致的出行限制對(duì)2022年在華投資決策的影響(美元)%Bypercentage32822244657682110325522322111823222OOther的企業(yè)占比增幅最大。32%的消費(fèi)行業(yè)會(huì)員表示決定減少投資,28%的技術(shù)與研發(fā)定。 AmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimate ‘‘TensionsintheUS-Chinabilateralrelationship’remainsthetopbusinesschallengeformembersforthethirdconsecutiveyear“中美關(guān)系日益緊張”連續(xù)三年成為受訪者在華首要商業(yè)挑戰(zhàn)Figure20.Topivebusinesschallengesinchina圖20.企業(yè)在中國(guó)市場(chǎng)面臨的五大商業(yè)挑戰(zhàn)11Inconsistentregulatoryinterpretationandunclearlaws&enforcement法律法規(guī)和執(zhí)行不一致/55%Risinglaborcosts45%RisingtensionsinUS-Chinarelations%RisingtensionsinUS-Chinarelations56%RisingtensionsinUS-Chinarelations22Risinglaborcosts48%Inconsistentregulatoryinterpretationandunclearlaws&enforcement法律法規(guī)和執(zhí)行不一致/41%Risinglaborcosts40%Inconsistentregulatoryinterpretationandunclearlaws&enforcement法律法規(guī)和執(zhí)行不一致/31%CoVID19prevention55%33RisingtensionsinUS-Chinarelations45%RisingtensionsinUS-Chinarelations41%Inconsistentregulatoryinterpretationandunclearlaws&enforcement法律法規(guī)和執(zhí)行不一致/37%Risinglaborcosts%Inconsistentregulatoryinterpretationandunclearlaws&enforcement法律法規(guī)和執(zhí)行不一致/32%44IncreasingcompetitionfromprivatelyownedChinesecompanies業(yè)的日益58%Regulatorycompliancerisks%IncreasingcompetitionfromprivatelyownedChinesecompanies業(yè)的日益33%Regulatorycompliancerisks%Risinglaborcosts%55Shortagesofqualiiedmanagement理人員%Shortagesofqualiiedmanagement理人員%Concernsaboutdatasecurity擔(dān)憂%Concernsaboutdatasecurity擔(dān)憂%Regulatorycompliancerisks%TWo-thirds(66%)ofmembersreportedunCertaintyofbilateralrelationsastheirtop-businessChallengeinChina.ThisisthethirdyearinaroWthatmembersngeandithasConsistentlybeen三分之二(66%)的會(huì)員企業(yè)仍然認(rèn)為中美雙邊關(guān)系的不確定性是其在華業(yè)務(wù)首要商業(yè)挑戰(zhàn)?！爸忻狸P(guān)系日益緊張”已經(jīng)連續(xù)三年成為在華美資企業(yè)的首要商業(yè)挑戰(zhàn),并已經(jīng)連續(xù)五年成為會(huì)員企業(yè)的前五大AmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimateSurveyReport InIn2022,COVID-19preventionmeasureswererankedamongthetopbusinesschallengesacrossallsectors2022年,“新冠疫情防控措施”帶來(lái)的商業(yè)挑戰(zhàn)引起會(huì)員企業(yè)極大關(guān)注Figure21.Topivebusinesschallengesinchinabysector圖21.不同行業(yè)企業(yè)在中國(guó)市場(chǎng)面臨的五大商業(yè)挑戰(zhàn)IndicatesnewtoindustrytopfiveTechandR&DResources&IndustrialConsumerservices11RisingtensionsinUS-ChinarelationsRisingtensionsinUS-Chinarelations%CoVID-19preventionmeasures施RisingtensionsinUS-Chinarelations22CoVID-19preventionmeasures施CoVID-19preventionmeasures施RisingtensionsinUS-Chinarelations52%CoVID-19preventionmeasures施48%54%33Concernsaboutdatasecurity擔(dān)憂40%Inconsistentregulatoryinterpretationandunclearlaws&enforcement律法規(guī)和執(zhí)行不一致/不明確31%Inconsistentregulatoryinterpretationandunclearlaws&enforcement律法規(guī)和執(zhí)行不一致/不明確36%Inconsistentregulatoryinterpretationandunclearlaws&enforcement律法規(guī)和執(zhí)行不一致/不明確%44Inconsistentregulatoryinterpretationandunclearlaws&enforcement律法規(guī)和執(zhí)行不一致/不明確34%Regulatorycompliancerisks%Regulatorycompliancerisks%Risinglaborcosts%55IncreasingChineseprotectionism31%Intellectualpropertyrightsinfringement%Risinglaborcosts%Shortagesofqualiiedemployees員工%ln2022,memberSintheTeChandR&DSeCtorhaVefaCedmanyneWChallengeSdoing2022年,除了新冠疫情防控措施,技術(shù)和研發(fā)行業(yè)在中國(guó)eChand面臨許多新的商業(yè)挑戰(zhàn)。值得注意的是,31%的該行業(yè)會(huì)R&DSeCtor,31%ofmemberSreportedConCernoVerinCreaSedChineSeproteCtioniSm員將“中國(guó)保護(hù)主義不斷升級(jí)”的擔(dān)憂作為其五大商業(yè)挑約21%的資源和工業(yè)行業(yè)會(huì)員遇到了“知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)侵權(quán)”的問(wèn)題,這是自去年以來(lái)新的五大商業(yè)挑戰(zhàn)之—。23%的服WereeXperienCingaShortageofqualiiedemployeeS,aCCordingto23%ofreSpondentS. AmChamChina's2023ChinaBusinessClimate TheThetopthreeopportunitiesfromeachsectorremainthesamefromthepreviousyear各細(xì)分行業(yè)在華前三大商業(yè)機(jī)遇與去年相同F(xiàn)igure22.Topthreeimportantopportunitiesforchinabusiness圖22.不同行業(yè)企業(yè)在華業(yè)務(wù)三大機(jī)遇comparedtolastyearrankingupcomparedtolastyearrankingdownTechandR