高中英語(yǔ)Unit2TheOlympicGames文章Pausanias人教版必修二

Pausanias

The

Greek

traveler,

geographer,

Pausanias

fromMagnesia(115-180

AD),

visited

Sikyon

around

150AD.Inhisbooksgivesnotonlyhispersonal

observations

onmonumentsofart

andarchitecture

butalso

topographical

andhistorical

information,

aswell

the

religious

cults

andthe

opinion

of

the

natives

oftheplaceshevisited.

Later

inhis

life,

hesettledinRome,wherehecomposedfromhis

notesthe"Periegesis"(TourofGreece)inten

books.InbookII

describes

Corinth

andSikyon.

The

accuracy

of

his

descriptions

have

been

proved

correct.

PausaniascametoSikyonfromCorinth.Close

totheGateofthecity,

hesawaspring

whosewater

wascomingfromtheroofofacave,theso-called

"Stazousa"(drippingspring).

Manysuggestionshavebeenmadeaboutthe

location

ofthespring.In

ouropinionthisplace

iswherethespring

ofMikri

Brysi

istodayandhere

aresomearguments:

Inthe

eastern

plateau

they

weretwopossible

entrances,asstillaretoday,thewayPausanias

wascoming.TheSacredGateandthewaytothe

plateaufromMikriBrysi.Sincehedidnotenter

fromtheSacredGate,which

hementions

only

later

inhisdescription,theoneleftoughttobenear

thespringofMikriBrysi,wherethereisapath

stilltoday(SaintAthanasios)toascendtothe

plateau.

This

explains

why

he

starts

his

descriptionfromtheHellenisticAcropolis.

Any

other

entrance

must

be

rejected.

A

possible

entrance

ofPausaniasfrom

the

northwest

side

of

the

plateau,

mustbedismissed,

the

reason

being

there

are

nosprings

andcaves

there,

second

hewouldhaveseentheStadium,whichhedoesnot

mention

and

third

it

is

an

unnatural

entrance

because

Pausanias

was

coming

from

the

east

(Corinth),

not

the

west.

Another

possible

site

for

anentrance,agullyinthemiddleoftheeastern

plateau,

not

exactly

in

his

way,it

hasalarge

cave,

butit

is

too

steep

anddifficult

to

ascendandif

Pausanias

camethroughhere,hewouldhadstart

his

description

from

the

Agora

and

not

from

the

HellenisticAcropolis.

Pausanias

begins

his

description

from

the

Hellenistic

Acropolis

wherehefinds

the

templeof

TycheAkraiaandalittlefurthertheDioscouroi

Temple.Thestatuesofthembothweremadefrom

wood.

Descending

from

the

Acropolis,

hecameto

the

Theater

andin

thestage

hesawastatue

ofAratos,

sonofKleinias,holdingashield.

Fromthere,hevisitedthenearbyTempleof

Dionysoswhosestatuewasmadeofgoldandivory

andathissideswereBakchaiofwhitemarble.

Walkingtowardsthemarket,athisright,he

sawtheruinedtempleofArtemisLimnaia,avery

ancient

temple.

Thisis

identified

today

with

the

excavatedruinsof

atempleoppositetothe

Roman

baths.

The

name

given

to

Artemis"Limnaia"

indicates,

that

at

these

times

there

wasabundant

waterontheplateau,asalsothedrainageofthe

Theatersuggests.Diodorosconfirmsthis.

Inasort

distance

fromthetempleofArtemis

andat

the

entrance

in

Agora,

there

was

the

sanctuary

of

Peitho,

the

so-called

later

"Phobos"

place,whereApollo

andArtemis

cameafter

killing

thePythonatDelphi.Thenexttoittemenosof

Romanemperors,

wasoncethehouseof

tyrantKleon.

TheTempleofApollointhemarket,wherethe

ceremonyfrom

theriver

Sythas

wasended,

hadbeen

founded

byProetos,forthe

sakeof

his

daughters

recovering

from

madness.Inside

the

temple

in

older

times

they

were

kept

various

precious

objects.

Closeto"Phobos"placewas

the

Heroon

of

Aratos.PausaniasnowwalkingthroughAgora,he

sawthe

Altar

of

Isthmian

Poseidonandcloseto

it

thestatues

of

ZeusMeilichios

andArtemis

Patroa,

bothof

themmadesymbolically,Zeusintheshape

ofpyramidandArtemisasacolumn.

From

there

he

went

to

the

close-by

Bouleuterion.

Excavations

today

showsus,

that

it

wasa

big

square

building

(40mx41m),

having

sixteen

columns

in

the

interior

for

the

support

of

theroof.Atlatertimesitwasusedasbaths.

Nextto

it

there

was

a

big

Stoa,

which

Pausanias

tell

usthat

was

a

dedication

by

Kleisthenesfromtheplundersofthesacredwar.

Thebuilding

whoseexcavations

havebeenmade

datesfromHellenistictimesandPausaniascan't

becorrectunlessthebuildinghadbeenrebuild.

Thedimensionsofthebuildingwere106mx6mand

had47Doriccolumnsandintheinterior24Ionic

columns.Insideit

they

were20roomsofsamesize

whichtheywereusedasshoppingstores.

It

was

near

here

that

the

enormous

bronze

statueofZeuswasstandingmadebyLysipposand

nexttoitagildedArtemisandclosetothemthe

ruined

from

fire,

veryoldtempleofApollo

Lykeios.

Insideitwaskeptthebarkofthelogwithwhich

Apollo

helpedthe

Sikyonians

topoisonthe

wolves.

Itwasalsoherethatthebronzestatuesofthe

daughtersofProetoswerestanding.

ThelaststatuesPausaniasdescribesintheAgoraisthecolossalbronzeHerakles(Resting)

madebyLysipposat320BC,attheageofseventy

yearsoldandHermesAgoraios.

Pausanias

continues

his

description

by

visiting

the

Gymnasium

ofAgora's,

in

which

another

Herakles

madebySkopasstood,

nearbywas

thesanctuary

of

Herakles

whose

perivolos

was

knownas"Paidizoi",

aplace

forchildren

to

play.

Herakles

statue

hadbeenmadefromwood,byLaphaes

ofPhleiousinveryancienttimes.

A

little

further

was

the

sanctuary

of

Asklepios,

whose

temple

contained

the

chryselephantine

statue

of

the

GodmadebyKalamis

ofSikyon.Insidethesanctuarytherewasalso

another

temple

shared

by

Apollo

Karneios

and

Hypnos,whoseonlyhisheadhadsurvivedatthis

time.Pausaniaswasunabletoseethestatueof

Apollo

Karneios

becauseit

wasforbidden

toanyone

toenter,exceptpriests.

Therewasanother

sanctuary

neartheAsklepios,

thesanctuaryofAphrodite,whichalsocontained

achryselephantinestatueofthegoddessmadeby

Kanachosof

Sikyon.

It

wasin

theyardof

the

temple

thattherareplant"Paidairos"wasgrowingfrom

whichthefamousgarlands"Iakchoi"weremade.

Pausanias

wastold

bytheSikyonians

that

it

could

growhereandnowhereelse.Insidethesanctuary

wasalso

astatue

ofAntiope

the

mother

of

Amphion

andZethos,thesonofSikyoniankingEpopeos.

PausaniasascendingtotheGymnasium

of

Kleinias,

onhis

right

sawthesanctuary

of

Artemis

Pheraia,thestatueofgoddessmadeofwoodhad

beenbroughtfromPherai

andintheGymnasiumthe

bustsofHeraklesandArtemis.

Lastly

Pausaniasmovedtowardsthe

SacredGate

tothe

eastern

site

of

theplateau,

wherethemain

part

of

the

Ancient

Acropolis

was.

The

first

building

he

visited

near

the

gate

was

that

of

Athena,avery

large

temple,whichhadbeenfounded

byEpopeosandwhohadbeenburied

inthe

frontof

thealtar.

Bythis

timethetemplehadbe