2019屆高考英語(yǔ)三輪沖刺：大題提分02閱讀理解記敘文

閱讀理解記敘文A【2018?北京卷】MyFirstMarathon（馬拉松）Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn'tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas“notathletic”.TheideathatIwas“notathletic”stuckwithmeforyearsWhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamttlatIcouldn'tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces（鞋帶）becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!Atmile3,Ipassedasign:“GOFORIT,RUNNERS!”Bymile17,Ibecameoutof breathandtheonceinjuredanklehurt badly.Despite thepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabit andthenrunningagain.Bymile21,Iwasstarving!AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewaving asign.She is mybiggest fan. Shenevermindedthealarmclocksounding at4a.m.orquestioned myexpenses on running.Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels世俗標(biāo)簽），Icannowcallmyselfa“marathonwinner”.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor.A.waswelltrained B.feltscaredC. madeup his mindtorun D.losthopeWhydid the authormention theP.E.classinhis 7thyear?To acknowledgethesupport ofhis teacher.To amusethereaderswith a funny story.To show hewasnot talented insports.To shareaprecious memory.Howwastheauthor'sfirstmarathon?A.Hemadeit. B.Hequithalfway.C.Hegotthefirstprize. D.Hewalkedtotheend.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.【答案】1-4CCAB【解析】本文是一篇故事類(lèi)記敘文。作者講述了沒(méi)有運(yùn)動(dòng)天賦的他，在20多歲才開(kāi)始長(zhǎng)跑，但是在一次跑馬拉松比賽前夕踝關(guān)節(jié)受傷，可他堅(jiān)持不懈，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了自我的故事。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead”可知，作者在馬拉松前一個(gè)月下定決心要參加馬拉松比賽。故選C。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“HelaterinformedmethatIwas‘notathletic’”可知，作者的經(jīng)歷證明他在運(yùn)動(dòng)方面并非很有天賦。故選C。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.”以及前文中作者行進(jìn)經(jīng)過(guò)的標(biāo)志可知，雖然作者是最后到達(dá)終點(diǎn)的一批馬拉松選手，但是他跑完了全程。故選A。.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels（世俗標(biāo)簽）,Icannowcallmyselfa'marathonwinner’.”可知，作者享受到了戰(zhàn)勝自我的快樂(lè)，認(rèn)為只要努力了就算是勝利者。故選B。B【2017?浙江卷】BenjaminWest,thefatherofAmericanpainting,showedhistalentforartwhenhewasonlysixyearsofage.Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.Inthosedays,abrushwasmadefromcamel'shair.Therewerenocamelsnearby.Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush.Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong,thecatbegantolookragged（蓬亂）.Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.Thecat’s10twasabouttoimprove.Thatyear,oneofBenjamin'scousins,Mr.Pennington,cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin'srowings.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings（版畫(huà)）byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.In1747,whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold,Mr.Penningtonreturnedforanothervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin'sparentsifhemighttaketheboybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.Inthecity,Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.Theboybeganalandscape（風(fēng)景）painting.WilliamWilliams,awellknownpainter,cametoseehimwork.WilliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingtotakehome.Thebookswerelonganddull.Benjamincouldreadonlyalittle,havingbeenapoorstudent.Buthelatersaid,“Thosetwobooksweremycompanionsbyday,andundermypillowatnight.”Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenineyearoldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?Benjamin'svisittoPhiladelphia.Williams'influenceonBenjamin.ThebeginningofBenjamin'slifeasanartist.ThefriendshipbetweenBenjaminandPennington.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3suggest?Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.WhatdidPenningtondotohelpBenjamindevelophistalent?Hetookhimtoseepaintingexhibitions.Heprovidedhimwithpaintingmaterials.HesenthimtoaschoolinPhiladelphia.Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings.Williams'twobookshelpedBenjaminto.mastertheuseofpaintsappreciatelandscapepaintingsgettoknowotherpaintersmakeuphismindtobeapainter【答案】5-8CDBD【解析】本文是一篇人物介紹類(lèi)的記敘文。主要講述了美國(guó)繪畫(huà)之父本杰明?韋斯特小時(shí)候繪畫(huà)天賦的培養(yǎng)和他在6至9歲時(shí)受到的藝術(shù)啟蒙教育。.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段首句“BenjaminWest…showedhistalentforartwhen…”，以及下文第四段首句提到的“In1747,whenBenjaminwasnineyears01d…”和最后一段內(nèi)容及最后一句“…boydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.”，并結(jié)合全文可知，文章主要講述了BenjaminWest(本杰明?韋斯特)少年時(shí)代的藝術(shù)啟蒙，特別是6至9歲階段，所以C項(xiàng)能概括全文大意。.詞義猜測(cè)題。該句需要結(jié)合上下文來(lái)理解。根據(jù)上文第二段提到本杰明剪貓的毛來(lái)制作畫(huà)筆，導(dǎo)致貓的“毀毛破相”，而第三段提到本杰明的堂兄Pennington給他送來(lái)了很多畫(huà)畫(huà)的顏料和畫(huà)筆。由此我們可以推斷，該下劃線句子內(nèi)容說(shuō)明“貓的命運(yùn)不久將得到改善”。故這句話(huà)隱含著“本杰明將很快不再需要用貓的毛制作畫(huà)筆了，他將得到很多真正的畫(huà)筆”的意思，答案選D項(xiàng)。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段首句“Inthecity,Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.”可知，為了更好地培養(yǎng)本杰明的畫(huà)畫(huà)天賦，堂兄Pennington給了他很多幫助，提供了創(chuàng)作用的材料等，故選B。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段本杰明說(shuō)的話(huà)，以及“Whileitislikelythatheunderstood...Thenineyearoldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.”可知，著名畫(huà)家William給予的兩本關(guān)于繪畫(huà)的著作啟迪了本杰明幼小的心靈，幫助他打開(kāi)了通往偉大藝術(shù)的殿堂之門(mén)，使他立志成為藝術(shù)家，所以答案選D項(xiàng)。A【江西省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)盟校2019屆高三第一次聯(lián)考】OnaflightfromDallas,Texas,toCincinnati,Ohio,tovisitafriendin2008,eventplannerPaigeChenaultdaydreamedaboutthegrandbirthdaypartiesshe'dthrowforherdaughteroneday.(Paigewasfivemonthspregnantatthetime.)Then,flippingthroughamagazine,shesawaphotoofanimpoverishecHaitianboy,skinny.“Ithought,thiskidhasnothing,”P(pán)aigesays.Theimagestayedwithher,andsheresolvedtodosomethingtohelp.“IdecidedIwouldusemytalentstothrowbirthdaypartiesforhomelesskids,"Paigesays.Forthenextfouryears,Paigeandherhusband,Colin,tooktimeoutfromparenthoodtovisitshelterstodeterminehowbesttopullofftheparties.Finally,inJanuary2012,PaigelaunchedtheBirthdayPartyProject,anonprofitorganization,andrecruitedfriendsandfamilytohelpdecorateDallas's75-occupantFamilyGatewayShelterwithballoonsandstreamers,celebratingthebirthdaysof11boysandgirls,with60morehomelesskidsinattendance.“ThatfirstpartywasbetterthanIcouldhaveeverimagined,”saysPaige.NowPaigeandherstaffofthreepaidemployeesworkwithregionalvolunteerstoplanmonthlythemedpartiesat15sheltersacrossthecountry,someofwhichhouseabusedorabandonedkids.Eachchildcelebratingabirthdaythatmonthgetsa$30gift,adecorativeplacemat,andanindividualcakeorcupcake.OneofPaige'sfavoritepartsofeachpartyiswhenthekidsmakeawishandblowoutthecandles.“Theyrarelygetachancetodreambig,“saysPaige.Herdaughter,Lizzie,nowseven,oftenhelpsoutattheparties.Paigesays,“TheonethingI'vealwayswantedisformykidtobegenerous.”WhatwasitthatmadePaigewanttohelpthehomelesschildren?A.AflightfromDallastoOhio. B.Herdaughter'sbirthday.C.ThephotoofaHaitianboy. D.Hertalentforthrowingparties.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“impoverished”mean?A.adorable B.poor C.talented D.deadWhatcanbelearntfromthepassage?Atotalof75full-timeworkersareemployedbyPaigeatpresent.Afterunsuccessfulattempts,Paigefinallythrewawonderfulpartyforthehomelesskids.Kidscanspend$30tocelebratetheirbirthday.Paigecommitsherselftothecauseofhelpingthehomelesskids.WhatkindofpersondoyouthinkPaigeis?A.Caringandsensitive. B.Competentandloyal.C.Kindandperseverant. D.Responsibleanddisciplined.【答案】1-4CBDC【解析】本文為記敘文。2008年，在從得克薩斯州達(dá)拉斯飛往俄亥俄州辛辛那提看望朋友的航班上，活動(dòng)策劃人佩吉?切諾特夢(mèng)想著有一天能為女兒舉辦盛大的生日派對(duì)。（佩吉當(dāng)時(shí)懷孕五個(gè)月）然后，她翻閱一本雜志，看到了一張照片，照片上是一個(gè)貧窮的海地男孩，瘦骨嶙峋。于是就開(kāi)始了幫助那些孩子們的行動(dòng)。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theimagestayedwithher,andsheresolvedtodosomethingtohelp."（這個(gè)照片里的形象一直在她心里，她決定做點(diǎn)什么來(lái)幫助她）可知，雜志上那個(gè)瘦骨嶙峋的海地男孩讓佩吉決定幫助那些無(wú)家可歸的孩子們。故C選項(xiàng)正確。.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞句中的skinny（瘦骨嶙峋）及下文“Ithought,thiskidhasnothing”（我想，這個(gè)男孩一無(wú)所有）可知，此處意為“一個(gè)貧窮的海地男孩”。A.adorable"可愛(ài)的，可敬重的”；poor“貧窮的，可憐的"；C.talented“有才能的"；D.dead“無(wú)生命的”。故B選項(xiàng)正確。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“IdecidedIwouldusemytalentstothrowbirthdaypartiesforhomelesskids”（我決定利用我的才能為無(wú)家可歸的孩子舉辦生日派對(duì)）以及接下來(lái)四個(gè)月她和丈夫所做的努力，后期所組織的生日派對(duì)可知，佩吉一直致力于幫助無(wú)家可歸的孩子們。故D選項(xiàng)正確。.推理判斷題。佩吉一直致力于幫助無(wú)家可歸的孩子們，由此可知，她是一個(gè)善良而又鍥而不舍的人。故C選項(xiàng)正確。B【河南省天一大聯(lián)考“頂尖計(jì)劃”2019屆高三第二次考試（2月）】Igotonthebus,dirtyandtiredafterwork.Itwasasunnydaybutmostofminehadbeenspentinadimly-litwarehouse.Needlesstosay,IleftthatplaceeverydaylookinglikeIworkedinacoalmine.However,evenwithmyaddictiontoalcoholatthattime,Istillfeltabitproudofmyself.Ihadheldthistemporaryjobfor3months,whichwasextremelyrare.AsItookmyseatonthebusgoinghome,Idecidedthattheunpleasantthoughtsofmyreallifewouldnotruinmyspirittoday.Iliftedmyheadandsmiledatthetwoelderlyladiessittingacrossfrommeandtheysmiledbackandnodded.Isatbackinmyseat,fantasizingaboutabetterandnewlifebutwasrudelyinterruptedbyournewpassenger.Shewasaboutthirtybutherhairwasmessyandmostofherfrontteethweremissing.Shegotonandaggressivelypushedherwayintoafrontseat.Thenshetoldthedriverthatshehadnomoneyandlookedangrilyatwhoeverdaredtolookherway.AllIcouldfeelforthiswomanwassympathy.Justthen,sheturnedherthreateninggaze凝視）towardsmeandyelled,“Whyyousodirtyman?”Ismiledandsaid,“Ijustcamefromwork.”ShethenaskedloudlyifIworkedinhellandburstintolaughter...soIlaughedto-withher,andtoldherthatwasfunny.ThenIaskedherhernameasIexplainedmysituation.HernamewasKaren.Infrontofallofus,themiracleandpowerofkindnessshoweditsbeauty.Thiswomantransformed.Herlanguage,behaviorandevenvoicechangedwhenIspoketoherasafriend.AsKarenandIbecameinstantfriends,everyonehadbeenwatchingourinterchange.Aftersayinggoodbyetoeachother,Iturnedindgotwhatmyaimlesslifehadneededallalong:affirmation.Thetwooldwomenwereholdingeachotherwithtearsofjoyintheireyesandotherpassengersalsogavemethumbs-upsigns.. Whydidtheauthorfeelabitproudafter work?A. He was acoalminer. B. He hadgotrid oftheaddiction.He had worked3months. D. He wascontent withhislife.Whydidtheauthorgreetthetwoelderlyladies?A. To get acknowledged. B. To offernecessaryhelp.C.Tokeephisspiritactive.D.Tointerrupttheirconversation.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“affirmation”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Approval. B.Caution. C.Friendship. D.Tolerance.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Dogooddeedsandwinpraises. B.Neverlookdownuponanybody.C.Changeapersonwithyourheart.D.Showsympathyinsteadofrudeness.【答案】5-6CCAC【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。作者勞累一天后坐公交回家時(shí)，一位蓬頭垢面的女士上車(chē)了，舉止粗魯，質(zhì)問(wèn)和嘲笑作者，而作者卻不生氣，反倒對(duì)這位女士有同情心，以平等的朋友關(guān)系來(lái)對(duì)待這位女士。這位女士被感動(dòng)了，舉止和說(shuō)話(huà)都變禮貌了。車(chē)上的其他乘客對(duì)作者的表現(xiàn)大加贊揚(yáng)。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知，作者當(dāng)時(shí)還有酒癮，能罕見(jiàn)地把臨時(shí)工作干了3個(gè)月，這讓作者有一點(diǎn)自豪。故選C。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Idecidedthattheunpleasantthoughtsofmyreallifewouldnotruinmyspirittoday”可知，作者決定不能讓自己現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中不開(kāi)心的事情影響自己的內(nèi)心世界，要保持積極的心態(tài)。故選C。.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)作者前面的敘述可知，作者正處于人生低谷，需要的是別人的肯定。而最后一段中的最后一句也表明作者轉(zhuǎn)身后看到了其他乘客的贊許。由此推斷畫(huà)線單詞意為“肯定，贊同”。故選A。.主旨大意題。文章主要敘述了作者用同情心，積極向上、平等待人的心態(tài)感化了一位生活艱苦而又舉止相魯?shù)呐俊９蔬xC。C【2019屆高三第一次全國(guó)大聯(lián)考（新課標(biāo)ni卷）】MillionsofAmericansareabandoningtheThanksgivingdinnertabletoheadtothemall.Whileinyearspast,shoppershadtolineupbeforedawnonBlackFridaytogeteasyaccesstoholidaydeals,anumberofretailers銷(xiāo)售商）arenowkeepingtheirdoorsopenbeforethedisheshavebeenclearedfromtheholidayfeast.Andmanyaremorethanwillingtoskipfootballtoshopuntiltheydrop.Walmart,AmazonandJ.C.Penneyareamongtheretailerswhobeganrollingoutdealsdaysorevenweeksearlierintheracetowinshoppers.OutsideLord&TayloronManhattan'sFifthAvenue,JannaHolly,21,outlinedherbattleplan.“WenormallywaituntilBlackFridaytoshopfortheChristmasgifts.Thisyear,IplanongoingtoMacy's,Forever21andSephora,”saidthecollegestudentfromAustin,Texas.“Myholidaybudgetshouldnotbethatmuch,becauseIhavetopayfortuition,butI'llprobablydoalotofshoppinganyway.”MarlinaKozdraofWestOrange,N.J.,cametoNewYorkCitytowatchtheMacy'sThanksgivingDayParadewithherfamily,butthenwenthuntingfordeals.“ShoppingonThanksgivingisfineaslongasyougettodoitwithyourfamily,”the34-year-oldstay-at-homemomsaid.ThoughtheBestBuyinMidtownManhattanhadbarricades^(?)outsidefortheexpectedcrowdsofholidayshoppers,onlyDagEstradawaswaitingthereat1p.m.onThanksgiving.Hesaidhe'dcampedoutovernighttobuyatelevision.Thestoreopenedat5p.m.“Idothiseveryyear.It'satradition,”hesaid,explainingthathisshoppinglistsometimesincludestabletsandcomputers,too.“ItmakesmefeellikeaNewYorker.”Estradasaidhestartsplanningwheretoshopthreeweeksinadvancebyresearchingsalesinnewspapersandlookingonline.Then,hebargain-huntsalone.“Nolove,nocat,nodog,justyouanddeals,”hesaid.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph1mean?Shoppersshouldn'tgiveuptheirdessert.Thesportstradeisverypopularonholiday.ManyAmericansrushtotheshoppingcentertobuyfootball.Manyretailerscompetetogettheirshareoftheholidaybusiness.WhatmayJannaHollyconcernmostwhensearchingforthegift?A.Itsvariety. B.Itsprice. C.Itsorigin. D.Itsquality.WhydidMarlinaKozdracometoNewYorkCity?Tolookforajob.Togoshoppingwithherfriends.Tocelebratetheholidaywithherfamily.TohaveafreetasteoftheThanksgivingdessert.WhatisaNewYorkerlikeaccordingtoDagEstrada?Hereplacesthehouseholditemsregularly.Hewouldliketogocampingduringholidays.7Hehuntsforbargainsatayardsale.Heisadiscountseekerduringholidayshoppingseason.【答案】9-12DBCD【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。周末感恩節(jié)正式拉開(kāi)了假日購(gòu)物季的序幕，不同的人有著不同的購(gòu)物計(jì)劃和購(gòu)物習(xí)慣。.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前文“anumberofretailers（銷(xiāo)售商）arenowkeepingtheirdoorsopenbeforethedisheshavebeenclearedfromtheholidayfeast.”許多零售商在節(jié)日大餐上的菜肴吃完之前就開(kāi)門(mén)了，可知許多零售商都想把顧客吸引到自己的店鋪中來(lái)，分得一份假日購(gòu)物的蛋糕。故選D。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Myholidaybudgetshouldnotbethatmuch,becauseIhavetopayfortuition,butI'llprobablydoalotofshoppinganyway.” （我的假期預(yù)算沒(méi)有那么多，因?yàn)槲乙秾W(xué)費(fèi)，但我還是很可能會(huì)買(mǎi)很多東西）可推斷出，JannaHolly購(gòu)物時(shí)最關(guān)心的可能是價(jià)格。故選B。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“MarlinaKoziraofWestOrangeN.J.cametoNewYorkCitytowatchtheMacy'sThanksgivingDayParadewithherfamily”可知，MarlinaKozdra來(lái)紐約是為了與家人歡度假期。故選C。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“‘Idothiseveryyear.It'satradition,'hesaid...‘ItmakesmefeellikeaNewYorker’”可知，他每年都這么做，這讓他覺(jué)得自己像個(gè)紐約人，并且后文中提到他會(huì)做一些購(gòu)物攻略，比較哪里的商品便宜，可推斷出，他認(rèn)為紐約人喜歡在假日購(gòu)物季里尋找、購(gòu)買(mǎi)心儀的折扣商品。故選D。D【2019屆高三第一次全國(guó)大聯(lián)考（江蘇卷）】LarryEllisoncamefromtheslumstoco-foundOracle.LarryEllisonwasbornontheLowerEastSideofNewYorkduringWorldWarII,backwhenthatdistrictwasstillpoorandfilledwithimmigrantsstrivingtosurvive.Atanearlyage,Ellisoncaughtpneumonia（肺炎）andwassenttotheSouthSideofChicagotolivewithrelatives.Despitetheseobstacles,hewasabletoeducatehimselfandjoinSoftwareDevelopmentLaboratories,in1977.Thiswasanimportantmove,becausein1982thecompanybecameOracle.Thisisacompanythatbringsin$38billioneverysingleyear,andalongtheway,Ellison—whosteppeddown（辭職）asCEOin2014—managedtoaccumulateover$46.2billioninnetworth（凈值）.ZdenekBakalafleesCommunistCzechoslovakiawith$50.ZdenekBakalahappenstobeoneoftheleadingcoalentrepreneursintheUnitedStates.OriginallyfromCzechoslovakia,hefledthatcountrywhenhewasjust19.HearrivedinLakeTahoewithjust$50inhispocket.Oncethere,hegotajobwashingdishesatHarrah'scasino.Fast-forwardafewyears:BakalaattendedthefamousUniversityofCalifornia-Berkeleyandacquiredhisundergraduatedegree.Thathighereducationgainedhiment