大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解試題及答案一

大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解試題及答案一ItwaslastrevisedonJanuary2,2021大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解試題及答案(Therearethreekindsofgoals:short-term,medium-rangeandlong-termgoals.Short-rangegoalsarethosethatusuallydealwithcurrentactivities,whichwecanapplyonadailygoalscanbeachievedinaweekorless,ortwoweeks,orpossibleshouldberememberedthatjustasabuildingisnostrongerthanitsfoundation,outlong-termgoalscannotamounttoverymunchwithouttheachievementofsolidshort-termcompletingourshort-termgoals,weshoulddatetheoccasionandthenaddnewshort-termgoalsthatwillbuildonthosethathavebeencompleted.Theintermediategoalsbukldonthefoundationoftheshort-rangemightdealwithjustonetermofschoolortheentireschoolyear,ortheycouldevenextendforseveraltimeyoumoveastepatatime,youshouldneverallowyourselftobecomediscouragedoroverwhelmed.Asyoucompleteeachstep,youwillenforcethebeliefinyourabilitytogrowadnasyourlistofcompletiondatesgrow,yourmotivationanddesirewillincrease.Long-rangegoalsmayberelatedtoourdreamsofthefuture.Theymightcoverfiveyearsormore.Lifeisnotastaticshouldneverallowalong-termgoaltolimitusorourcourseofaction.long-termgoalsmeanalot__.wecompleteourshort-rangegoalswecannotreachsolidshort-termgoalswewritedownthedatesweputforwardsomeplansshort-termgoalsarebulidupon__.yearsgoalsactivitiesgoalsthathavebeencompletedwecompleteeachstepofourgoals,__.willwinfinalsuccessareoverwhelmedshouldbuildupconfidenceofsuccessshouldstrongdesireforsettingnewgoalsourgoalsaredrawnup,__.shouldsticktothemuntilwecompletethemmaychangeourgoalsaswehavenewideasandopportunitieshadbetterwaitfortheexcitingnewsofsuccesshavemadegreatdecisionisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat___.whohabelong-termgoalswillsucceeddownthedatesmaydiscourageyougoalisonlyaguideforustoreachourdesinationshouldhaveagoal答案：adcbcTheeconomyoftheUnitedstatesafter1952wastheeconnomyofawell-fed,almostfullyemployedpeople.Despitoccasionalalarms,thecountryescapedanypostwardepressionandlivedinastateofboom.Aneconomicsurveyoftheyear1955,atypicalyearofthe1950’s,maybetypicalasillustratingtherapideconomicgrowthofthedecade.Thenationaloutputwasvalueat10percentabovethatof1954(1955outputwasestimatedat392billiondollars).Theproductionofmanufacturerswasabout40percentmorethanithadaveragedintheyearsimmediatelyfollowingWorldWar2.Thecountry’sbusinessspentabout30billiondollarsfornewfactoriesandmachinery.Nationalincomeavailableforspendingwasalmostathirdgreaterthanithadbeenithadbeenin1950.Consumersspentabout256billiondollars;thatisabout700milliondollarsaday,orabouttwenty-fivemilliondollarseveryhour,allroundtheclock.Sixty-fivemillionpeopleheldjobsandonlyalittlemorethantwomillionwantedjobsbutcouldnotfindthem.Onlyagriculturecomplainedthatitwasnotsharingintheroom.Tosomeobserversthiswasanominousechoofthemid-1920’s.Asfarmer’sshreoftheirproductsdeclined,marketingcostsrose.Buttherewere,amongtheobserversofthenationaleconomy,afewwhowerenotasconfidentasthemajority.Thosefewseemedtofearthattheboomcouldnotlastandwouldeventuallyleadtotheoppsite-depression.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?TheAgriculaturalTrendsof1950’sTheUnemploymentRateof1950’s.Economyinthe50’sTheFederalBudgetof1952InLine4,theword“boom”couldbestbereplacedby .a.nearbyexplosionb.thunderousnoisec.generalpublicsupportd.rapideconomicgrowth3.ItcanbeinferredthenationalfromthepassagethatmostpeopleintheUnitedStatesin1955viewedthenationaleconomywithanairof .confidenceconfusiondisappointmentsuspicionWhichofthefollowingwereLEASTsatisfiedwiththenationaleconomyinthe1950’s?EconomistsFrmaersPoliticiansSteelworkersThepassagestatesthatincomavailableforspendinginthe.wasgreaterin1955thanin1950.Howmuchwasit60%50%33%90%答案：cdabcWomenarealsounderrepresentedintheadministrationandthisisbecausetherearesofewwomenfullprofessors.In1985,RegentBerylMilburnproducedareportblastingtheUniversityofTexasSystemadminitrationfornotencouragingUniversitywasratedamongthelowestforthea1987update,Milburncommendedtheprogressthatwasmadeandcalledforevenmoreimprovement.OneofthepositiveresultsfromherstudywasaSystem-wideprogramtoinformwomenofavailableadministrativejobs.CollegeofCommunicationAssociateDeanPatricaWitherspoon,saiditisimportantthatwomanbeflexiblewhenitcomestorelocatingiftheywanttoriseintheranks.Althoughawomanmayfaceachillyclimateoncampus,manytimesinorderforhertosucceed,shemustriseabovetheproblemsaroundherandconcentrateonherwork.UntilwomenmakeupagreaterpercentageoftheseniorpositionsintheUniversityandallacademia,inequitieswillexist."WomenneedtospendtheirenergiesandtimedoingscholarlyactivitiesthatareimportanthereattheUniversity."Spirdusosaid."Iftheydothatwillbesuccessfulinthistheyspendtheirtimeinlittlegroupsmourningthesexualdiscriminationthattheythinkexistshere,theyarewastingvaluablestudytime."toSpirduso,womenneedto .areportonsexualdiscriminationforfurtherimprovementintheirworkingconditionstheirenergiesandtimefightingagainstsexualdiscriminationmoretimeandenergydoingscholarlyactivitiesthispassage,weknowthat .aremanywomenfullprofessorsintheUniversityofTexasplayanimportantpartinadminitratingtheUniversityweatheronthecampusischillymakeupasmallpercentageoftheseniorpositionsintheUniversityofthefollowingstatementsistrue?numberofwomenprofessorsintheUniversityin1987wasgreaterthanthatof1985numberofwomenprofessorsintheUniversityin1987wassmallerthanthatof1985numberofwomenprofessorswasthesameasthatof1985andmorewomenprofessorsthoughtthatsexualdiscriminationdidexitintheUniversityofthepositiveresultsfromMilburn'sstudywasthat .weretoldtoconcentrateonteirworkweregiveninformationaboutavailableadministrativejobswereencouragedtotakeonalltheadministrativejobsintheUnversitywereencouragedtodomorescholarlyactivitiesThetitleforthispassageshouldbe .UniversityofTexas'sReportProfessorsDiscriminationinAcademia答案：ddabd四Today,asineveryotherdayoftheyear,morethan3000.adlescentswillsmoketheirfirstcigaretteontheirwaytobecomingregularsmokersasadults.Duringtheirlifetime,itcanbeexpectedthatofthese3000about23willbemurdered,30willdieintrafficaccidents,andnearly750willbekilledbyasmoking-relateddisease.Thenumberofdeathsattributedtocigarettesmokingoutweithtsallotherfactors,whethervoluntaryorinvoluntary,asacauseofdeath.Sincethelate1970s,whendailysmokingamonghighschoolseniorsreached30precent,smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclined.Whilethedeclineisimpressive,severalimportantissuesmustberaised.First,inthepastseveralyears,smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclinedverylittle.Second,inthelate1970s,smokingamongmalehighschoolseniorsexceededthatamongfemalebynearly10percent.Thestatisticis,severalrecentstudieshaveindicatehighschooldropoutshaveexcessivelyhighsmokingrates,asmuchas75percent.Finally,thouthsignificantdeclinesinadolescentsmokinghaveoccurredinthepastdecade,nodefinitereasonsforthedeclineexist.Withinthiscontext,theNaionalCancerInstiute(NCI)beganitscurrentefforttodeterminethemosteffecivemeasurestoreducesmokingleveslamongyouth.totheauthor,thedeathsamongyoutharemainlycausedby .accidentsdeseaseofthesedaythereareover highschoolstrdentswhowillbecomeregularsmoker."dropout"theauthormeans .whofailedtheexaminationwholeftschoolwholosttheirwaywhoweredrivenoutofschoolreasonfordecliningadolescentsmokingisthat .hastakeneffectivemeasuresispreventedamonghighschoolseniorsaremanysmokerswhohavediedofcanceroftheseisimpliedbutnotstatedbytheauthoristhat .ratesamongyouthhavedeclinedverylittlearenowmorefemalethanmalesmokersamonghighschoolseniorssmokingratesareduetotheinceaseinwealthathighschoolarefromlowsocio-economicbackgrounds答案：bdbdbThefoodweeatseemstohaveprofoundeffectsonoursciencehasmadeenormousstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofallhumanillnessesarerelatedtodietandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtothedietaswell,especiallycancerofthecolon.Differentculturesaremorelikelytocausecertaindifferentillnessesbecauseofthefoodthatischaracteristicinthesecultures.Thatfoodisrelatedtoillnessisntoanewdiscovery.In1945,about35yearsago,governmentresearchersrealizedthatnitrates,commonlyusedtopreservecolorinmeats,andotherfoodadditivies,causedcancer.Yet,thesecarcinogenicadditivesremaininourfood,anditbecomesmoredifficultallthetimetoknowwhichthingsonthepackaginglabelsofprocessedfoodarehelpfulorharmful.Theadditiveswhichweeatarenotallsodirect.Farmersoftengivepenicillintobeefandlivinganimals,andbecauseofthis,penicillinhasbeenfoundinthemilkoftreatedcow.Sometimessimilardrugsaregiventoanimalsnotformedicalpurposes,butforfinancialreasons.Thefarmersaresimplytryingtofattentheanimalsinordertoobtainahigherpriceonthemarket.AlthoughtheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)hastriedrepeatedlytocontroltheseprocedures,thepracticescontinue.isthebestpossibletitleofthepassage?andFoodandHealthandHealthandDrugofthefollowingstatementsisNOTture?arealwaysgiventoanimalsformedicalreasonsoftheadditivesinourfoodareaddedtothefooditselfandsomearegiventothelivinganimalshaveknownaboutthepotentialdangersoffoodadditivesforoverthirty-fiveyears.maycausefortypercentofcancerinworld.hassciencedonesomethingharmfultomankind?ofscience,diseasescausedbypollutedfoodhavenbeenvirtuallyeliminated.hascausedalackofinformationconcerningthevalueoffood.oftheapplicationofscience,somepotentiallyharmfulsubstanceshavebeenaddedtofood.scientistshavepreservedthecolorofmeats,butnotofvegetables.arenitratesusedfor?preserveflavorinpackagedfoods.preservethecolorofmeats.aretheobjectsofresearch.causetheanimalstobecomefatter.word'carcinogenic'mostnearlymeans' '.答案：cacbdWhatisyourfavouritecolourDoyoulikeyellow,orange,redIfyoudo,youmustbeanoptimist,aleader,anactivepersonwhoenjoyslife,peopleandexcitement.DoyouprefergreysandbluesThenyouareprobablyquiet,shy,andyouwouldratherfollowthanlead.Youtendtobeapessimist.Atleast,thisiswhatpsychologiststellus,andtheyshouldknow,becausetheyhavebeenseriouslystudyingthemeaningofcolourspreference,aswellastheeffectthatcolourshaveonhumanbeings.Theytellsus,amongotherfacts,thatwedonotchooseourfavouriteclouraswegrowup wearebornwithouryouhappentolovebrown,youdidso,assoonasyouopenedyoureyes,oratleastassoonasyoucouldseeclearly.Coloursdoinfluenceourmoods thereisnodoubtaboutit.Ayellowroommakesmostpeoplefeelmorecheerfulandmorerelaxedthanadarkgreenone;andareddressbringswarmthandcheertothesaddestwinterday.Ontheotherhand,blackisdepressing.AblackbridgeovertheThamesRiver,nearLondon,usedtobethesceneofmoresuicidesthananyotherbridgeinthearea untilitwasrepainternumberofsuicideattemptsimmediatelyfellsharply;perhapsitwouldhavefallenevenmoreifthebridgehadbeendoneinpinkorbabyblue.Lightandbrightcoloursmakepeoplenotonlyhppierbutmoreactive.Itisanestablishedfactthatfactoryworkersworkbetter,harder,andhavefeweraccidentswhentheirmachinesarepaintedorangeratherthanblackorgrey.1."Youwouldratherfollowthanred"means .don'tliketofollowotherswouldbeamemberratherthanaleaderwouldbeafraidoffollowingotherswouldliketobealeaderratherthanafolloweroneenjoyslife,oneissuretoprefer .toyellowtoorangetogreytoyellow3."Theytellus,amongotherfacts,thatwedon'tchooseourfavouritecoloursaswegrowup.""Amongotherfacts"means .otherfactsregardtootherfactsconsideringotherfactstootherfactsofthefollowingisfacts?'spreferenceofonecolourtoanotherisinstinct'spreferenceofonecolourtoanotherisacquiredastheygrowup.peoplehappentolovebrownbecausetheysawsomethingbrownwhentheywerebornhavelittleinfluenceonourmoodswhocommittedsuicidepreferredthebridgeovertheThamesRivernearlondontoothersbecauseof .shapestructurecolourbuildingmaterials答案：bcaac十二Socialcustomsandwaysofbehavingchange.Thingswhichwereconsideredimpolitemanyyearsagoarenowacceptable.Justafewyearsago,itwasconsideredimpolitebehaviourforamantosmokeonstreet.Nomanwhothoughtofhimselfbysmokingwhenaladywasinaroom.Customsalsodifferfromcountrytocountry.DoesamanwalkontheleftortherightofawomaninyourcountryOrdoesn'titmatterShouldyouusebothhandswhenyouareeatingShouldleaveoneinyourlap,oronthetableTheAmericansandtheBritishnotonlyspeakthesamelanguagebutalsosharealargenumberofsocialcustoms.Forexample,inbothAmericaandEnglandpeopleshakehandswhentheymeeteachotherforthefirsttime.Also,mostEnglishmenwillopenadoorforawonmanoroffertheirseattoawoman,andsowillmostAmericans.PromptnessisimportantbothinEnglandandinAmerica.Thatis,ifadinnerinvitationisfor7o'clock,thedinnerguesteitherarrivesclosetothattimeorcallsuptoexplainhisdelay.Theimportantthingtorememberaboutsocialcustomsisnottodoanythingthatmightmakeotherpeoplefeeluncomfortable especiallyiftheyareyourguests.Whenthefoodwasserved,oneoftheguestsstratedtoeathispeaswithaknife.Theotherguestswereamusedorshocked,butthehostcalmlypickeduphisknifeandbeganeatinginthesameway.Itwouldhavebeenbadmannerstomakehisguestfeelfoolishoruncomfortable.onehasacceptedadinnerinvitation,whatshouldhedoifheistobelateforthedinner?shouldfindanexcuseshouldadkforexcuse.shouldsaysorryshouldtelephonetoexplainhisbeinglate.2."Itwouldhavebeenbadmannerstomakehisguestsfeelfoolishoruncomfortable.""Badmanners"means .ofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebesttiltleforthispassage?CustomsandCustomsLifeandBritishCustomsIsImportanttothetext,thebesthost .hisbesttomakehisguestsfeelcomfortablehisguestsfeelexcitedtoavoidbeingnaughtytohisgueststoavoidbeingfoolishauthorofthisarticlemayagreewithwhichofthefollowing?guestwhoatehispeaswithaknifeotherguestswhowereamusedorshockedhostwhopickeduphisknifeandbeganeatinginthesamewayoftheabove答案：dcaac十三NewOrleans,Louisiana,wasestablishedaspartoftheFrenchEmpirein1718.ItslocationontheeastbankoftheMississippiRivergaveitcontroloftheAmericanhinerlandanditbecamestrategicallyimportanttomanynations.ItwastransferredfromFrancetoSpain,returnedtoFrance,andfinallysoldbyNapoleontotheUnitedStatesin1803.Thecitywasthesiteofafamousbattlefoughtin1815betweentheBritish,whohopedtocontrolit,andtheAmericansunderGeneralAndrewJackson.TheriverbedoftheMississippiisconstantlysiltingandtheriverisnowactuallyhigherthanthecity.Leveesholdbacktheriverandgiantpumpsareusedtomovewaterfromthecityintotheriver.AlthoughNewOrleanshaasbeenapartoftheUnitedStatesforalmosttwocenturies,itspopulationtakesgreatprideinitsFrenchheritage.LouisianastillretainspartsoftheCodeNapoleonwhich,formmanyyears,wasitsonlylaw.NewOrleansiscarefreecityanditboastsitshot,spicyCreoleseafoodanditsnativeDixielandJazz.ThejacksonSquareneighborhoodmaintainsitsFrenchcolonialhomesandinothersectionsarepre-CivilWarmansions.Visitorsaresurprisedtofindthatbehindthisinterestingfacadeofyesteryear,isabusyindustrialandportcity.GrainandcoalcomefromtheMidwestandforeighcargoesareunloadedhere.NewOrleansisnolongerasleepySoutherntown butit'sstillfuntovisit.accountsfortheleveesandpumpsinNewOrleans?Mississippifrequentlyfloodsthecity.riverbedhasraisedinthepast200years.torrentialrainsfloodthecityfrequently.highhumiditycannototherwisebecomtrolled.battleofNewOrleanswasfoughtbyjacksonagainst .NorthCodeNapoleonwas .agreementtosellLouisianabodyoflawscityplanmilitarycodeforthearmyofthefollowingelementsdoesnotapplytotheattiudeoftheinhabitantsofNewOrleans?intheirFrenchheritage.desiretoretainpicturesquecolonialbuildings.refusaltoengageintradeandcommercepraisingofDixielandJazz.visitingNewOrleansaresurprisedtoencounter .foodjazzcitycolonialhomes答案：bbbcc十四TheUnitedStatesisonthevergeoflosingitsleadingplaceintheworld'stechnology.Sosaysmorethanonestudyinrecentyears.Oneofthereasonsforthisdeclineistheparalleldeclineinthenumberof.scientistsandengineers.reasedcompetitionforthesecandidatesfromotherfields-law,medicine,business,etc.Whilethenumberof.inscienceandengineeringdeclines,theawardoftoforeignnationalsisincreasingrapidly.ngthecostandfinancialsacrificeofpursuingtheireducation,findtheattractionofindustryirresistible.thenumberof.degreeholdersisdecliningthenumberofscientistsandengineersisdecreasingthenumberof22-year-ildsisdecliningscientistsandengineersarenotemployedfieldofscienceandengineeringisfacingacompetitionfrom .technologyforeignnationalssuchfieldsaslaw,medicineandbusinesspostgraduatesenterprisesnowneed .brightgraduatesandpostgraduatesnewinventionsadvancedtechnologyengineerspromisingpostgraduatesareunwillingtopursuea.degreebecause .theyarenotencouragedtobeengagedinscienceindustrydoesnotrequire.holderstheyhavefinancialdifficultiestheywillspendmuchtimeandenergycompleting.theyfindindustryisattractingmoreandmorecollegestudentstheydon'tthinktheycanpreventthemselvesfromworkingforindustrytheycannotresistanyattractionfromallsidestheycannotworkforindustryanylonger答案：bcadb十五Newdays,astandardformeasuringpowerhaschangesforetellanewstandardformeasuringlongerwillanation'spoliticalinfluencebebasedsolelyonthestrengthofitsmilitaryforces.Ofcourse,militaryeffectivenesswillremainaprimaryprimarymeasureofpoliticalinfluenceisalsocloselytiedtoindustrialcompetitiveness.It'soften