2022年廣東省廣州市中考英語(yǔ)真題（教師版）

2022年廣州市初中學(xué)業(yè)水平考試英語(yǔ)本試卷共14頁(yè)，四大題，滿分90分。考試用時(shí)100分鐘。一、語(yǔ)法選擇（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下文連貫的要求，從1~15各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。WhenIwasnineyearsold,Iwantedtokeepapetfish.Aftermonthsof___1___,Ifinallyhadenoughmoneytogetone.InameditBob,Iput___2___beautifultoyhousewithwindowsinthetank(魚(yú)缸)sothatBobcouldswimthrough.Sometimes,Iwoulddrawpicturesof___3___fishandseaplantsandtapethemtothesideofthetank,soBobwouldn’tgetlonelywhileI___4___atschool.However,___5___amonth,Inoticedthatthetankwasgettingdirty.Mydadaskedme___6___itintothekitchen.HewantedtomakesureIknew___7___todosothatBobwouldn’tgethurt.First,mydadtoldmetoreach___8___intothetankandtakethehouseaway.___9___Itookmyhandoutofthewater,Inoticedthatthewaterwasalot____10____thanIthought.“That’ssmelly!”Isaid.“Let’shurryupand____11____thefishoutofthewater,Dad!”“Notsofast,Ben,”Dadsaid.“Weneedtosavesomeoftheoldwater,____12____Bobneedsaplacetostaywhilewecleanthetank.”“Why?”Iasked.“Runningwaterfromthetapcanbeharmfultofish,”Dadexplained.“That____13____wecan’tputBobintofreshwaterrightaway.Instead,weneedtoputhiminacupwith____14____ofthedirtywaterforawhile.”…Allseemedsoeasy.IhopedthenexttimeIwouldbeabletocleanthetankallby____15____.1.A.save B.saves C.saved D.saving2.A.a B.an C.the D./3.A.other B.others C.theother D.theothers4.A.am B.was C.were D.willbe5.A.before B.for C.after D.during6.A.bring B.bringing C.brought D.tobring7.A.where B.what C.how D.why8.A.care B.careful C.carefully D.caring9.A.If B.Unless C.When D.Though10.A.dirty B.dirtier C.dirtiest D.thedirtiest11.A.get B.gets C.got D.getting12.A.so B.or C.because D.but13.A.mean B.means C.meant D.ismeaning14.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle15.A.me B.my C.mine D.myself【答案】1.D2.A3.A4.B5.C6.D7.B8.C9.C10.B11.A12.C13.B14.D15.D【詳解】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文介紹了作者9歲時(shí)喜歡養(yǎng)魚(yú)并為魚(yú)換水的故事。【1題詳解】句意：經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)月的攢錢(qián)我終于有足夠的錢(qián)買(mǎi)了一個(gè)。save節(jié)省，攢錢(qián)，原形；saves第三人稱單數(shù)；saved過(guò)去式；saving現(xiàn)在分詞或者動(dòng)名詞。根據(jù)“of”可知，介詞后跟動(dòng)名詞。故選D?！?題詳解】句意：我給它取名為鮑勃，我在魚(yú)缸里放了一個(gè)漂亮的帶窗戶的玩具屋，這樣鮑勃就可以游過(guò)去了。a一個(gè)，用在輔音音素詞前；an一個(gè)，用在元音音素詞前；the指已提到或易領(lǐng)會(huì)到的人或事物；/不填。根據(jù)“beautifultoy”可知，此處表泛指，beautiful以輔音音素開(kāi)頭，使用a。故選A?！?題詳解】句意：有時(shí)，我會(huì)畫(huà)一些其他魚(yú)類(lèi)和海生植物的圖片，然后把它們粘在魚(yú)缸的一邊，這樣鮑勃就不會(huì)在我上學(xué)的時(shí)候感到孤獨(dú)了。other其他的；others其他人（物）；theother兩者的另一個(gè)；theothers特指剩余的其他人（物）。根據(jù)“fishandseaplants”可知，此處使用other，后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故選A?！?題詳解】句意：有時(shí)，我會(huì)畫(huà)一些其他魚(yú)類(lèi)和海生植物的圖片，然后把它們粘在魚(yú)缸的一邊，這樣鮑勃就不會(huì)在我上學(xué)的時(shí)候感到孤獨(dú)了。am第一人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)；was第一和第三人稱單數(shù)過(guò)去式；were復(fù)數(shù)和第二人稱單數(shù)過(guò)去式；willbe一般將來(lái)時(shí)。根據(jù)“soBobwouldn’tgetlonelywhileI…atschool.”可知，此處使用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式，主語(yǔ)為I，使用was。故選B?！?題詳解】句意：然而，一個(gè)月后，我注意到魚(yú)缸變臟了。before在……之前；for持續(xù)一段時(shí)間；after在……之后；during在……期間。根據(jù)“Inoticedthatthetankwasgettingdirty.”可知，應(yīng)該是過(guò)了一個(gè)月后，才發(fā)現(xiàn)魚(yú)缸變臟的。故選C?！?題詳解】句意：我爸爸讓我把它帶到廚房。bring帶來(lái)，帶……到某處，原形；bringing現(xiàn)在分詞或者動(dòng)名詞；brought過(guò)去式；tobring動(dòng)詞不定式。根據(jù)“Mydadaskedme”可知，asksbtodosth“讓某人做某事”，故選D?！?題詳解】句意：他想確保我知道該做什么，以免鮑勃受傷。where哪里；what什么；how如何；why為什么。根據(jù)“knew…todo”可知，此處為特殊疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)，作knew的賓語(yǔ)，使用what，whattodo“做什么”，故選B?！?題詳解】句意：首先，我爸爸讓我小心地把手伸進(jìn)魚(yú)缸，把房子搬走。care關(guān)心；careful小心的，形容詞；carefully小心地，副詞；caring關(guān)心，動(dòng)名詞或者現(xiàn)在分詞。根據(jù)“reach”可知，此處使用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，故選C?！?題詳解】句意：當(dāng)我把手從水里拿出來(lái)時(shí)，我注意到水比我想象的要臟得多。If如果；Unless除非；When當(dāng)……時(shí)；Though雖然。根據(jù)“…Itookmyhandoutofthewater,Inoticedthatthewaterwasalot…thanIthought.”可知，此處指當(dāng)我……時(shí)，使用when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，故選C?！?0題詳解】句意：當(dāng)我把手從水里拿出來(lái)時(shí)，我注意到水比我想象的要臟得多。dirty骯臟的；dirtier比較級(jí)；dirtiest最高級(jí)；thedirtiest定冠詞the+最高級(jí)。根據(jù)“Inoticedthatthewaterwasalot…thanIthought.”可知，此處使用形容詞的比較級(jí)，故選B?！?1題詳解】句意：爸爸，我們趕快把魚(yú)從水里撈出來(lái)吧！get得到，原形；gets第三人稱單數(shù)；got過(guò)去式。getting現(xiàn)在分詞或者動(dòng)名詞。根據(jù)“Let’shurryupand”可知，letsbdo“讓某人做”，故選A?！?2題詳解】句意：我們需要保留一些舊水，因?yàn)槲覀兦逑呆~(yú)缸時(shí)，鮑勃需要一個(gè)地方住。so因此；or或者；because因?yàn)?；but但是。根據(jù)“Bobneedsaplacetostaywhilewecleanthetank.”可知，此處空后為原因，使用because，故選C。【13題詳解】句意：那意味著我們不能馬上把鮑勃放進(jìn)淡水里。mean意思是，原形；means第三人稱單數(shù)；meant過(guò)去式；ismeaning現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)“Instead,weneedtoputhiminacup”可知，本句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)，使用動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)，故選B?！?4題詳解】句意：相反，我們需要把他放在一個(gè)裝有少量臟水的杯子里一段時(shí)間。few幾乎沒(méi)有；afew一些；little幾乎沒(méi)有；alittle一點(diǎn)。根據(jù)“ofthedirtywater”可知，此處water為不可數(shù)名詞，且表示肯定含義，使用alittle，故選D?！?5題詳解】句意：一切似乎都很容易。我希望下次我能獨(dú)自清洗水箱。me我，賓格；my我的，形容詞性物主代詞；mine我的，名詞性物主代詞；myself我自己，反身代詞。根據(jù)“by”可知，byoneself“獨(dú)自”，故選D。二、完形填空（共10小題；每小題1分滿分10分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Samwasworried.Thefollowingmorning,hewouldhaveartclass.Itwashisfavouriteclass,buttherewasa____16____.Samsawtheworlddifferentlyfromeverybodyelse.Whenhedrew,birdshaddifferent-sizedwings,andbuildingshadstrangeshapes.Everytimehepaintedapicture,histeachersandclassmateswouldbe____17____.Itwastimefortheartclass.Nervously,Samlookedatthewhitepieceofpaperinfrontofhim.“Goodmorningclass,”saidMr.White.“Today,we’regoingtopaint…”Sam____18____,wonderingwhatthenextwordwouldbe.Please,hethought,nothouses.Notbuildings…“We’regoingtopaint____19____”saidMr.White,withasmile.“Yes!Great!”saidSam____20____.“Wecan’tpaintthat!”shoutedMikefromtheothersideoftheclassroom.“Sureyoucan,”repliedMr.White____21____.“Thinkaboutit,Mike.Whatmakesyouhappy?”“Umm…beaches,sunshine,and…ice-cream!”saidMike.“Well,thereyougo.That’showyoupaintit.Startworking!”saidMr.White.Samwasalready____22____.Hesplashed(潑灑)largeamountsofpaintalloverthe____23____.Itwasreallybeautiful!Therewereshapesthatwedidn’thaveintherealworldandthecoloursweresoshining.Thewholeclass____24____andSamlookedproud.Fromthatdayon,Samwasnever______25______aboutartclass.Heknewthathecouldpainthappiness,nomatterwhathepainted.16.A.difference B.problem C.reason D.way17.A.encouraged B.relaxed C.satisfied D.surprised18.A.agreed B.replied C.understood D.waited19.A.buildings B.houses C.happiness D.summer20.A.excitedly B.carelessly C.kindly D.sadly21.A.angrily B.patiently C.secretly D.worriedly22.A.painting B.playing C.talking D.writing23.A.book B.floor C.paper D.wall24.A.cheered B.doubted C.finished D.regretted25.A.careful B.certain C.happy D.nervous【答案】16.B17.D18.D19.C20.A21.B22.A23.C24.A25.D【詳解】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文介紹薩姆由擔(dān)心上美術(shù)課到喜歡上美術(shù)課的故事。【16題詳解】句意：這是他最喜歡的課，但有一個(gè)問(wèn)題。difference差異；problem問(wèn)題；reason原因；way方式。根據(jù)“Itwashisfavouriteclass,but”he“Samsawtheworlddifferentlyfromeverybodyelse.”可知，but后表轉(zhuǎn)折，應(yīng)該指有一個(gè)問(wèn)題。故選B?！?7題詳解】句意：薩姆很驚訝，不知道下一個(gè)單詞會(huì)是什么。encouraged受鼓舞的；relaxed放松的；satisfied滿意的；surprised驚訝的。根據(jù)“Samsawtheworlddifferentlyfromeverybodyelse.Whenhedrew,birdshaddifferent-sizedwings,andbuildingshadstrangeshapes.”可知，此處老師和同學(xué)是驚訝的，故選D?！?8題詳解】句意：薩姆等著，不知道下一個(gè)字會(huì)是什么。agreed同意；replied回復(fù)；understood理解；waited等待。根據(jù)“wonderingwhatthenextwordwouldbe.Please,hethought,nothouses.Notbuildings…”可知，他在等待著老師說(shuō)出要畫(huà)的內(nèi)容。故選D?！?9題詳解】句意：懷特先生笑著說(shuō)：“我們要畫(huà)幸福”。buildings建筑；houses房子；happiness快樂(lè)，幸福；summer夏天。根據(jù)“Whatmakesyouhappy?”和“Heknewthathecouldpainthappiness”可知，此處畫(huà)的是幸福，故選C?！?0題詳解】句意：“是的！太好了！”薩姆興奮地說(shuō)。excitedly興奮地；carelessly粗心地；kindly體貼地，友好地；sadly傷心地。根據(jù)“Yes!Great!”可知，薩姆很興奮，故選A。【21題詳解】句意：“當(dāng)然可以，”懷特先生耐心地回答。angrily氣憤地；patiently耐心地；secretly秘密地；worriedly擔(dān)憂地。根據(jù)““Wecan’tpaintthat!”shoutedMikefromtheothersideoftheclassroom.”可知，此處懷特先生聽(tīng)到了邁克的反對(duì)建議，沒(méi)有生氣，耐心地回復(fù)。故選B。【22題詳解】句意：薩姆已經(jīng)在畫(huà)畫(huà)了。painting畫(huà)；playing玩；talking交談；writing寫(xiě)。根據(jù)“Hesplashed(潑灑)largeamountsofpaint”可知，薩姆已經(jīng)在進(jìn)行繪畫(huà)了。故選A?！?3題詳解】句意：他把大量的顏料潑灑在紙上。book書(shū)；floor地板；paper紙；wall墻。根據(jù)“Nervously,Samlookedatthewhitepieceofpaperinfrontofhim.”可知，應(yīng)該在紙上進(jìn)行繪畫(huà)，故選C?！?4題詳解】句意：全班同學(xué)都?xì)g呼起來(lái)，薩姆看起來(lái)很自豪。cheered歡呼；doubted懷疑；finished結(jié)束；regretted后悔。根據(jù)“Samlookedproud”可知，全班都為他歡呼，故選A?！?5題詳解】句意：從那天起，薩姆對(duì)美術(shù)課從不緊張。careful小心的；certain確定的；happy快樂(lè)的；nervous緊張的。根據(jù)“Nervously,Samlookedatthewhitepieceofpaperinfrontofhim.”和“Heknewthathecouldpainthappiness”可知，之前是緊張的，但現(xiàn)在得到了大家的認(rèn)可，就不再緊張了。故選D。三、閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從26~40各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。(A)Whenyouandyourfriendsturntoeachothertotalkaboutproblemsortroubles,yougiveeachotheradviceandhelp.Oneimportantthingofourgrowthistomakedecisionstohelpourfriendsandlearntosupporteachother.Thisrequiresustolearnwhatitmeanstohelpfriendsandhowtohelptheminrightways.Thefirststeptowardhelpingothersistoidentifythattheyneedhelp.Weallknowthatdifficultiesarepartofourdailylives.However,sometimessmallthingscanleadtomoreseriousproblemsthatrequiremorehelp.It’simportanttomakesurewhentohelpafriend.Forexample,youmaypickupsomesignsthatyourfriendsarenotactinglikethemselves.Thesesignsshowtheymaynotbewell.Thenextsteptowardhelpingothersistolisten.Payingattentiontootherswhilelisteningisveryimportantthroughoutourlife.Whenwecommunicatewithothers,weneedtolearnwhentospeakandwhennotto.Aslisteners,weshouldtrytounderstandwhatthespeakersarefeelingorexperiencingandtrytoseethingsfromtheirperspectives.Listeningandpayingattentiontootherswhentheyspeakisasignofrespectandaskillthatwillleadtodeeperandbetterrelationships.26.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Todiscusswhypeoplehelpeachother. B.Todescribetheproblemsofgivinghelp.C.Tointroducetheadvantagesofgivinghelp. D.Toexplainhowwecanhelpothersproperly.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“identify”inparagraph2mean?A.Require. B.Discover. C.Suggest. D.Remember.28.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph3?A.Actasagoodlistenertoyourfriends. B.Learnhowtogiveadvicetoyourfriends.C.Payattentiontoyourfriends’unusualacts. D.Buildgoodrelationshipswithyourfriends.29.Accordingtothewriter,whatshouldyoudoifyourfriendsdon’tfollowyouradviceontheirseriousproblems?A.Keeptheirproblemsassecrets. B.Letthemmaketheirowndecisions.C.Findoutthecausesoftheirproblems. D.Gethelpfromtheirtrustedteachers.【答案】26.D27.B28.A29.C【詳解】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文講述用正確的方式幫助朋友的建議。26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Thisrequiresustolearnwhatitmeanstohelpfriendsandhowtohelptheminrightways”可知，文章主要為了講述幫助朋友意味著什么，怎樣以正確的方式幫助朋友。故選D。【27題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“It’simportanttomakesurewhentohelpafriend.Forexample,youmaypickupsomesignsthatyourfriendsarenotactinglikethemselves.Thesesignsshowtheymaynotbewell”可知，確認(rèn)什么時(shí)候幫助朋友是重要的，“identify”表達(dá)“識(shí)別，確認(rèn)”，相當(dāng)于“discover”。故選B?！?8題詳解】段落大意題。根據(jù)“Thenextsteptowardhelpingothersistolisten.Payingattentiontootherswhilelisteningisveryimportantthroughoutourlife”可知，第三段講述幫助朋友接下來(lái)的一步是做一個(gè)好的聆聽(tīng)者。故選A?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Aslisteners,weshouldtrytounderstandwhatthespeakersarefeelingorexperiencingandtrytoseethingsfromtheirperspectives”可知，如果在很?chē)?yán)重的問(wèn)題上朋友不聽(tīng)取你的建議，你應(yīng)該努力弄懂朋友的感受和經(jīng)歷，努力從他們的角度看問(wèn)題?？芍枰宄?wèn)題的原因。故選C。(B)Slowlybutsurely,Amyandhergrandparentsweremakingprogress.Boxesofallsizeswereplacedontopofeachotherthroughoutthehouse.Amy’sgrandparentshadlivedinthehouseforyearsandtheyhadcollectedmanythings.Thediningroomwasfullofmemories.Amy’sgrandfatherkeptmanyfinedinnerplates（盤(pán)子）fromhishometown.Amyrememberedthattheyatefromthered,yellow,andblueplatesduringimportantholidays.Aftercarefullywrappingup（包裹）theplatesandputtingthemintoabox,Amylifteditupandmoveditoutoftheway.Buttheboxwastooheavy.Itsuddenlyfellfromherarmsanddroppedtothefloor.Allthreeofthemheardtheplatesshatter.“I’msorry!”Amyapologised.“It’sokay,”hergrandfathersaidquietly.“Itwasanaccident.”Theyopenedtheboxand,sureenough,manyoftheplateswerebroken.Onlyafewremainedwhole.Lookingatthesmallpieces,Amyfeltreallyterrible.Sheknewtheseplateswerepasseddownfromhergreatgrandparentsand…“Don’tworry,”hergrandmothersaid,pattingherontheback.Carefully,theyputthebrokenpiecesintoarubbishbag.Theycontinuedpackingforalittlewhile,butAmystillfeltverysorry.Shewastryingveryhardtothinkofawaytomakeitupforhergrandparents.Soon,Amy’sfathercame.“Ihavetogo,”shesaid.“Dadisheretopickmeup.”Shekissedhergrandparentsbothpickedupthebagofthebrokenpiecesandleft.“What’sthat?”herfatherasked,asAmyclimbedintothecar.Amylookedatthebaginherhandsasanideacametoher.“This,”shesaid,“isanartproject.”Thefollowingday,Amywenttoanartstoreandboughteverythingsheneeded.Thenshestartedtowork.Sheusedathinboardasthebase.Thenshetookoutthecolourfulplatepiecesandgluedtheminacreativewayontheboard.Whenitwasdry,Amywrappeditup.Afewdayslater,Amy’sfamilyhadabigdinnerathergrandparents’newhouse.Shehandedhergifttohergrandparents.“Thisisfantastic,Amy!”saidhergrandfather.“Ican’twaittohangitupinournewhome,”Amy’sgrandmothersaidasshegaveherabighug.30.WhatwasAmyhelpinghergrandparentsdoatthebeginningofthestory?A.Movetoanewhouse. B.Wrapupsomepresents.C.Collectfinedinnerplates. D.Prepareabigfamilydinner.31.WhydidAmyfeelsorryforthebrokenplates?A.Theywereneverusedbythefamily. B.Theywerevaluableholidaypresents.C.Theyweremeaningfulfamilytreasures. D.Theywereexpensivehometownproducts.32.HowdidAmyfinallydealwiththebrokenplatepieces?A.Shesentthemtoanartstore. B.Sheputtheminherfather’scar.C.Shemadeaspecialgiftwiththem. D.Shethrewthemintoarubbishbag.33.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesAmy?A.Kindandcreative. B.Bravebutforgetful.C.Carelessbuthelpful. D.Funnyandhardworking.【答案】30.A31.C32.C33.A【詳解】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文講述艾米幫祖父母搬家的時(shí)候打破了盤(pán)子，她感到很內(nèi)疚，她用碎片制作了一份禮物送給了祖父母?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Slowlybutsurely,Amyandhergrandparentsweremakingprogress.Boxesofallsizeswereplacedontopofeachotherthroughoutthehouse”及第三段“Aftercarefullywrappinguptheplatesandputtingthemintoabox,Amylifteditupandmoveditoutoftheway”可知，艾米幫祖父母把東西打包搬家。故選A?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“Sheknewtheseplateswerepasseddownfromhergreatgrandparents”可知，這些盤(pán)子是從祖祖父母那里傳下來(lái)的，可知是有意義的家族財(cái)寶。故選C。【32題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段“shetookoutthecolourfulplatepiecesandgluedtheminacreativewayontheboard.Whenitwasdry,Amywrappeditup”及倒數(shù)第三段“Shehandedhergifttohergrandparents”可知，她用破碎的盤(pán)子制作了一份禮物。故選C。【33題詳解】推理判斷題。文章講述艾米幫祖父母搬家的時(shí)候打破了盤(pán)子，她感到很內(nèi)疚，她用碎片制作了一份禮物送給了祖父母。可推斷艾米非常善良非常有創(chuàng)意。故選A。(C)CharlesDarwinEarlyyearsCharlesDarwinwasoneofthesixchildrenfromabigfamily.HisgrandfatherandfatherweredoctorsandtheyoungDarwinwenttoEdinburghUniversitytostudymedicine.However,hehatedtoseebloodandhesoonrealizedthathecouldn’tbeadoctor.HethenwenttoCambridgeUniversityanddiscoveredthathehadagreatinterestinstudyingplants,insectsandanimals.Luckily,oneofDarwin’suniversityteachershelpedhim,jointheperfecttripforabiologist:avoyagearoundtheworldtostudynature.TheBeagleIn1831,CharlesDarwinleftPlymouthonTheBeagle,ashipthattookhimaroundtheworldforfiveyears.Whilehewastravelling,hestudiedtheplantsandanimalsinthecountriesandontheislandsthattheshipvisited.DarwinalsospenthistimeonTheBeaglewritingnotesaboutthethingshehadseen.WhenhefinallyarrivedbackinBritain,Darwinwasalreadystartingtocreatehisfamoustheorythatalllivingthingshadacommonancestor(祖先).DownhouseAthomeatDownHouse,aplacethatyoucanstillvisittoday,Darwinwrotemanyarticlesandbooksabouthistravels,buthedidn’twanttomakeanythingabouthistheoryknowntothepublic.Heworkedinhisstudy,wherehewrote250,000wordsabouthistheoryofevolution(進(jìn)化論),buthewasfrightenedaboutwhatpeoplemightsayabouthisideathatmonkeysweretheancestorsofhumans.Hethoughtthepublicwouldbeagainstitandwassofrightenedthathebecameillwithworry.However,whenanotherscientiststartedtowriteaboutsimilarideas,Darwindecidedtoprinthisbook,OntheOriginofSpecies.MostscientistsacceptedDarwin’stheoryandpeoplecontinuetostudyittoday.On12thFebruary,thedayhewasborn,DarwinDayiscelebratedaroundtheworldtoencouragemorepeopletostudythenaturalworld.34.WhatcausedDarwintogiveuphisstudyofmedicine?A.Hedidn’tlikeseeingblood. B.Hefoundthestudiestoodifficult.C.Hewaspushedtogiveupbyhisfamily. D.Hewasadvisedtostudynaturalscience.35.WhywasthetriponTheBeagleimportanttoDarwin?A.Ithelpedhimtofinishhisstudyattheuniversity.B.Itallowedhimtochangehismindabouthisfuture.C.Itgavehimideasaboutthebeginningsofhumanlife.D.Itgothimtocompletehismostfamousbookontheship.36.InwhatorderdidthefollowinghappeninDarwin’slife?a.HearrivedbackinBritainin1836.b.Hethoughtthepublicwouldnotsupporthisideas.c.Hebecameinterestedinstudyingthenaturalworld.d.Heprintedhisfamousbook,OntheOriginofSpecies.e.Hereceivedhelptogetaplaceonatriparoundtheworld.f.Hestudiedtheplantsandanimalsontheislandshevisited.A.e→f→c→a→b→d B.c→e→f→a→b→d C.e→f→a→c→d→b D.c→e→f→d→a→b37.Whydidthewriterincludethelastparagraph?ATointroduceDarwin’sfamousbook.B.TotellhowpeoplecelebrateDarwinDay.C.ToexplainwhypeopleacceptDarwin’sideas.D.ToshowDarwin’sinfluenceonnaturalscience.【答案】34.A35.C36.B37.D【詳解】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文講述達(dá)爾文早期的學(xué)習(xí)和旅行經(jīng)歷，講述達(dá)爾文研究自然世界，并完成《物種起源》的經(jīng)歷?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“hehatedtoseebloodandhesoonrealizedthathecouldn’tbeadoctor”可知，達(dá)爾文討厭看到血，所以放棄了學(xué)醫(yī)。故選A。【35題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“DarwinalsospenthistimeonTheBeaglewritingnotesaboutthethingshehadseen.WhenhefinallyarrivedbackinBritain,Darwinwasalreadystartingtocreatehisfamoustheorythatalllivingthingshadacommonancestor”可知，達(dá)爾文在“小獵戶號(hào)”船上的旅行，讓他開(kāi)始創(chuàng)造他有名的理論，他認(rèn)為所有的生物都有一個(gè)共同的祖先。故選C?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“hehadagreatinterestinstudyingplants,insectsandanimals”可知，他對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)自然世界感興趣。根據(jù)“oneofDarwin’suniversityteachershelpedhim,jointheperfecttripforabiologist:avoyagearoundtheworldtostudynature”可知，他得到幫助可以去環(huán)球航行。根據(jù)“hestudiedtheplantsandanimalsinthecountriesandontheislandsthattheshipvisited”可知，他在島上研究植物和動(dòng)物。根據(jù)“WhenhefinallyarrivedbackinBritain”可知，他回到英國(guó)。根據(jù)“hewasfrightenedaboutwhatpeoplemightsayabouthisideathatmonkeysweretheancestorsofhumans”可知，他認(rèn)為大眾不會(huì)支持他的想法。根據(jù)“Darwindecidedtoprinthisbook,OntheOriginofSpecies”可知，他出版了他的書(shū)《物種起源》。正確的順序是c→e→f→a→b→d。故選B?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“DarwinDayiscelebratedaroundtheworldtoencouragemorepeopletostudythenaturalworld”可知，達(dá)爾文日是為了鼓勵(lì)更多的人研究自然科學(xué)。可推斷最后一段是為了展示達(dá)爾文在自然科學(xué)上的影響。故選D。(D)Imagineyouareinanewcity.Youasksomeonehowtogettoabookstore.Theytellyoutogostraight,turnleft,andyouwillfinditonyourleft.Infact,youcanalsofindyourwaywithaphone.Nowimagineyouareinanoutdoorgame.Youonlyhaveamapandacompass,andinsteadofrunningdownacityroad,youmayneedtorunaroundinthewoods,climboverrocksandgoupanddownhills.Welcometoorienteering!Inthegameoforienteering,playersuseamapandacompasstofindstations.Thesestationsarecalledcontrols.Aspecialflag,usuallyinbrightcolours,markseachcontrol.Controlsarenoteasytofind.Theymaybeinfrontofabigrockorbehindatree.Inmostofthegames,you’llhavetofindcontrolsinnumberedorder,butinsomegamesyoucanchangetheorder.Ateachcontrol,playersmarkacardtheycarrywiththemandthecardwillbemarkedindifferentways(SeeFigure1).Thecardsareveryimportantbecauseplayersmustfindallthecontrolstowin.Ifsomeonemissesacontrol,theywon’thavethatmarkontheircards.Theymightcrossthefinishlinefirst,butthenextpersontofinishwithafullcardwillwinthegame.OrienteeringControlCardCultureNote:ThefirstcompasswasinventedbyancientChinesepeople.IthelpsyoufindyourwaybyalwayspointingtotheNorth.NameStarttimeCourseAgeClassFinishtime123456789101112Figure138.Whatwillplayerscarryinthegame?A.Amap,acompassandaflag. B.Aflag,acompassandacard.C.Acompass,amapandacard. D.Aphone,acompassandamap.39.Whichofthefollowingisaruleofthegame?A.Youdon’tneedtomarkthecards.B.Youcan’tmissanyofthecontrolstowin.C.Youhavetofindcontrolsinnumberedorder.D.Youmustbethefirsttopassthefinishlinetowin.40.HowmanycontrolshasAnnafinishedinthegame?A.9. B.10. C.11. D.12.【答案】38.C39.B40.B【詳解】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文講述定向運(yùn)動(dòng)游戲的具體操作說(shuō)明。【38題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Inthegameoforienteering,playersuseamapandacompasstofindstations”及“Ateachcontrol,playersmarkacardtheycarrywiththemandthecardwillbemarkedindifferentways”可知，在游戲中，需要攜帶一張地圖，一個(gè)指南針和一張卡片。故選C?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Ifsomeonemissesacontrol,theywon’thavethatmarkontheircard”，可知如果錯(cuò)過(guò)了一個(gè)控制點(diǎn)，就不會(huì)在卡片上得到那個(gè)得分，可知不能錯(cuò)過(guò)贏的任何控制點(diǎn)。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)表格的控制點(diǎn)有1到5,7到9，以及11到12，可知共完成10個(gè)控制點(diǎn)。故選B。第二節(jié)閱讀填空（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）閱讀短文及文后A~E選項(xiàng)，選出可以填入41~45各題空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Weallknowthatexerciseisgoodforus,don’twe?____41____Justthinkingabouthavingtorunorswimalongwaycanbeenoughtomakesomepeoplewanttoliedownandgiveup!However,didyouknowthatexerciseisnotallaboutdoingsport?____42____Movingourbodiescausesourbrainstogiveoutsomespecialchemicalsthatcreateagoodfeeling.Justtenminutesofworkingoutcanleaveusfeelinghappier,Moreover,regularexercisehelpsusfeelfresherandgettosleepmoreeasily.Finally,ifweconnectourexercisewithahealthydiet,wewilllookhealthierandfeelmoreconfidentaboutourselves.Soundslikeagooddeal,doesn’tit?____43____Ifexercisehasn’tbeenpartofyourlifeforalongtime,thereisnopointtrainingforamarathon（馬拉松）:youwillsoongiveupandgobacktoyouroldways!Walkingandridingbikesaroundthelocalparkfortenminuteseverydayaregreatwaystodevelopafitnesshabit.Chooseanactivitythatnotonlyexercisesyourbody,butthatyoualsoenjoy.Somepeoplesimplygojoggingwhilelisteningtotheirfavouritemusic.Otherstakeupactivitiessuchasdancingorplayingbasketballwiththeirfriends.Maketheexperiencemoreenjoyableasyouworkout.____44____Itdoesn’tmatterhowmuchweexercise.Doingregularexerciseisn’tjustaboutappearance.____45____Whowouldn’twantthat?A.Startsmall!B.Thatway,you’llnevergiveitup!C.It’saboutbeinghealthierandfeelinghappier.D.Forastart,exerciseisnotjustaboutthebody.E.Butwealsoknowthatnoteverybodylovesdoingit.【答案】41.E42.D43.A44.B45.C【詳解】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文講述做鍛煉的好處，講述鍛煉應(yīng)從小的方面著手，做讓人享受的運(yùn)動(dòng)，這樣才能讓人更健康更開(kāi)心?！?1題詳解】根據(jù)“Justthinkingabouthavingtorunorswimalongwaycanbeenoughtomakesomepeoplewanttoliedownandgiveup”可知，跑或者游泳很長(zhǎng)一段路會(huì)讓人想躺倒放棄，可知講述鍛煉對(duì)人有好處，但是不是每個(gè)人都會(huì)喜歡。E選項(xiàng)“但是我們也知道不是每個(gè)人都喜歡做這件事”符合。故選E?！?2題詳解】根據(jù)“Movingourbodiescausesourbrainstogiveoutsomespecialchemicalsthatcreateagoodfeeling”及“Moreover,regularexercisehelpsusfeelfresherandgettosleepmoreeasily”可知，身體的運(yùn)動(dòng)引起人的大腦的變化，幫助人感覺(jué)更新鮮更容易睡著，可知講述除了身體，鍛煉對(duì)人其他方面的影響。D選項(xiàng)“首先，鍛煉不只是關(guān)于身體方面的”符合。故選D?！?3題詳解】根據(jù)“giveupandgobacktoyouroldways”及“Walkingandridingbikesaroundthelocalparkfortenminuteseverydayaregreatwaystodevelopafitnesshabit”可知，每天走路騎自行車(chē)十分鐘是形成鍛煉習(xí)慣的好方法，這樣人不會(huì)放棄，可知句子講述應(yīng)從小的方面著手。A選項(xiàng)“從小的方面開(kāi)始”符合。故選A?！?4題詳解】根據(jù)“Chooseanactivitythatnotonlyexercisesyourbody,butthatyoualsoenjoy”及“Maketheexperiencemoreenjoyableasyouworkout”可知，選擇的鍛煉活動(dòng)不僅能有益于身體，而且讓人享受?？芍渥又v述讓人享受的運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)人的益處。B選項(xiàng)“那樣的話，你就永不會(huì)放棄”符合。故選B。【45題詳解】根據(jù)“Doingregularexerciseisn’tjustaboutappearance”可知，有規(guī)律的鍛煉不只是關(guān)于外表，根據(jù)前文講述對(duì)人其他方面的益處，以及鍛煉讓人享受，可推斷，句子講述鍛煉更多的是讓人健康讓人開(kāi)心。C選項(xiàng)“是關(guān)于更健康和感覺(jué)更開(kāi)心”符合。故選C。四、寫(xiě)作（共三節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)語(yǔ)篇填詞（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）閱讀短文，根據(jù)上下文和所給的首字母寫(xiě)出所缺單詞。注意使用正確形式，每空限填一詞。答卷時(shí)，要求寫(xiě)出完整單詞。DunbuangisahistoriccityinGansu.Inancienttimes,Dunhuangwasanimportantc___46___oftrade.AstheSilkRoaddeveloped,DunhuangbecameChina’swesterngatewaytotheworld.Here,differentculturesmetandinfluencedeachother.Peoplefromf___47___countriesdidbusinessandcommunicatedwiththelocalpeople.Ifyouv___48___Dunhuang,youwillbeabletoseetheMogaoCaves（莫高窟）.Ifyouwalki___49___,youwilldiscoversomeofthewonderfulartworks.Thereareover45,000squaremetresofbeautifulpaintingsonthecavewalls,aswellasthousandsofstatues.Overtheyears,ChinahasmadegreateffortstoprotecttheMogaoCaves.Today,youcanalsofindhigh-qualityphotosoftheartworksontheInternet.Peopleallovertheworldnowhaveac___50___toseeDunhuang’streasuresonline.【答案】46.(c)entre##(c)enter47.(f)oreign48.(v)isit49.(i)nside50.(c)hance【詳解】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文講述敦煌在古代是貿(mào)易中心，講述在敦煌可以看到莫高窟和很多藝術(shù)作品，講述現(xiàn)在人們可以在網(wǎng)上看到敦煌的財(cái)寶。【46題詳解】句意：在古代，敦煌是一個(gè)重要的貿(mào)易中心。根據(jù)“an”可知用單數(shù)名詞作表語(yǔ)。根據(jù)“AstheSilkRoaddeveloped,DunhuangbecameChina’swesterngatewaytotheworld”及首字母提示，可知，句子講述敦煌古代是貿(mào)易中心，用名詞“center”或“centre”。故填(c)entre/(c)enter?！?7題詳解】句意：外國(guó)的人和當(dāng)?shù)氐娜私?jīng)商和交流。名詞“countries”前用形容詞修飾，根據(jù)“differentcultures”及首字母提示，可知句子表達(dá)外國(guó)的人，用形容詞“foreign”。故填(f)oreign?！?8題詳解】句意：如果你參觀敦煌，你能看到莫高窟。這是“if”引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，遵循主將從現(xiàn)的原則，主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。根據(jù)“youwillbeabletoseetheMogaoCaves”及首字母提示，可知句子表達(dá)參觀敦煌，主語(yǔ)是“you”，動(dòng)詞用“visit”。故填(v)isit?！?9題詳解】句意：如果你走進(jìn)去，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一些完美的藝術(shù)作品。動(dòng)詞“walk”用副詞修飾，根據(jù)“discoversomeofthewonderfulartworks”及首字母提示，可知句子表達(dá)走進(jìn)去，用“walkinside”。故填(i)nside?！?0題詳解】句意：全世界的人現(xiàn)在有機(jī)會(huì)在網(wǎng)上看到敦煌的財(cái)寶。動(dòng)詞“have”后缺賓語(yǔ)，根據(jù)“a”可知是單數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)“toseeDunhuang’streasuresonline”及首字母提示，可知句子表達(dá)有機(jī)會(huì)，用“haveachancetodo”。故