上海名校高中自主招生英語閱讀理解（培優(yōu)）第5講：閱讀六選四或七選五（含答案）

第05講：名校高中自主招生閱讀六選四/七選五

?考點(diǎn)歸納、考前鞏固、真題鏈接

Q解題技巧A

一、關(guān)鍵詞匯線索

1.詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)：

復(fù)現(xiàn)是指在文章不同位置對同一個(gè)概念進(jìn)行重復(fù)描述。包括原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞復(fù)

現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、派生詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。

例1:同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

.......Thescientistssaythatthehumanlifehaschangedgreatly.Ourbodieshavenotbeenabletodealwith

thesechangesinlifestyleandthishadledtonewkindsofsicknesses.Sotheyarecalled"diseasesof

civilization”.Manycancersanddiseasesofthebloodsystemareexamplesofsuchdiseases.

A.StoneAgepeoplelivedasimplelife.

B.Buttoday,weenjoyeatingalotofthese.

C.Inthatcase,theywouldlivemuchhealthier.

D.Ancientpeoplehavenotlotsofphysicalexercise.

E.Thesenewsicknesseswerenotknowninancienttimes.

F.Peopletodayprobablydon'twanttolivelikeourancestors.

例2：反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

.......Ontheotherhand,theadvantagesofgoingoverseasmayincludeday-to-dayopportunitiestolearna

newculture,meetnewfriendswithwhomyoucanuseandpracticethelanguage,andchancestosee

differentpartsoftheworld.Thosedisadvantagesincludeexpense,timeawayfromone's

school,family,...

A.Thefollowingareitsadvantages.

B.However,theremaybeanumberofdisadvantages.

C.Consideradistanceeducation.

D.Mostofusareadaptedtostudyingatschool.

例3：派生詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

Don'tfearpeople..Thereasonwhymostpeopledon'ttakerisksisthefearofwhatothers

mightthinkofthem.Ifyouwanttolivethelifeyoutrulydeserve,youmustgiveuptheneedtobelikedby

everybody.

A.Focusonyourowntalentsandstrengths.

B.Neverletothers'opinionsguideyourchoices.

C.Stayfearlessineverythingyouwillhavetodo.

2.同范疇詞

同范疇詞是指跟此詞匯相關(guān)或同一領(lǐng)域的詞匯在文章中共同出現(xiàn)，達(dá)到語義銜接的目的?？梢栽?/p>

選項(xiàng)中找到與此詞匯最接近的詞，從而達(dá)到快而準(zhǔn)。一般來說，上下文中詞匯聯(lián)系越接近，上下文

的銜接關(guān)系最緊密。

例1：

.......Everybodygetsstressedtimetotime.Trytakingthesefourstepsthenexttimeyouarestressed:

First:Getsupport.Whenyouneedhelp,reachouttothepeoplewhocareaboutyou.

Talktoa“trustedadult",suchasparentorotherrelatives..Theymighthavehadsimilarproblems,

suchasdealingwithatest,orthedeathofabelovedpet.

A.Askforahelpinghandtogetyouthroughthetoughsituation.

B.Noticeyourfriends'feelingsandfindawaytohelpthem.

C.Differentpeoplefeelstressindifferentways

D.Ah,itfeelssogoodwhenthestressisgone.

E.Youneedtofigureoutwhattheproblemis.

F.Anddon'tforgetaboutyourfriends.

3.代詞提示：

代詞出現(xiàn)頻率極高，用來指代前面出現(xiàn)的名詞和形容詞概念，巧妙利用這樣的指代關(guān)系和根據(jù)代

詞和單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以準(zhǔn)確而快速解題。

常用代詞：you...,your...,,mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs,myself,this,that,these,those,

alLboth,each,every,anybody,something,noone,none,some,any,no,who,whom,whose,what,which,

that,aso

例1：

_73___.Theysaythefirststepistoadmitthatyouareangryandtorecognizetherealcauseofthe

anger,...

A.Doctorssaythesolutionislearninghowtodealwithanger.

B.Hesaidthatlaughterismuchhealthierthananger.

C.Angerisanormalemotionthatweallfeelfromtimetotime.

例2：Itdoesn'tmatterwhichproductivitybirdrepresentsyourworkstyle.(70)Itdependsonyour

environmentandenergylevels.Doyouhavethedrivetogetupearlyorstayuplate?Whileothersare

dreaming,makeyourdreamsreal.

B.Manybelievebeingnightowlsisbetter.

E.Theybothcanwork.

例3：Youhavethesameamountoftimeeachdayaseveryoneelse.Ifyouwanttoreachyourgoalsand

dreamsyouhavetobewillingtopaytheprice.(67)Sometimesitisyourtime.Sometimesitis

money.Andsometimesitissleep.Oneofthebesttimestogetaheadandbe"inthezone^iswheneveryone

elseissleeping.Getupearly.Orstayuplate.Thoseareyourchoices.

C.NotwatchingmindlessTVorendlesslysurfingtheNet.

D.Thatsacrificeofteninvolvesgivingupsomething.

4.利用句子中心實(shí)詞解題

句子中心實(shí)詞是指在一個(gè)句子表達(dá)中需要占據(jù)句子主干或者中心意思的一類實(shí)詞。和代詞一樣，

當(dāng)一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)了表達(dá)某一特點(diǎn)概念的中心實(shí)詞時(shí)，該句上下文就應(yīng)該圍繞這樣的中心來展開，

也就是說正確選項(xiàng)中不能呈現(xiàn)上下文沒有交代的一個(gè)中心實(shí)詞，因此我們可以利用這一現(xiàn)象來幫助

我們找到正常選項(xiàng)或者排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。

例1：(68)Askyourselfwhatproblemtheaudiencewantstosolve,andtalkaboutthatproblemfirst.

“Thenandonlythen,talkaboutwhatyouaregoodatasthesolutiontothatproblem,“saysMorgan.

“Audiencesstartoffbyaskingwhy.WhyamIhere?Whyshould1care?Ifyouanswerthosequestions

early,thenthey'llaskhow.Yourjobistoanswerthewhyquestionfirstandthenaddressthehow.^^

A.Berelevanttoyouraudience

C.Focusononetheme,andeliminateeverythingelse.

例3：Forthosewithgreenfingers,thepleasureofgardeningcomesfromgettingoutinthefreshair,inall

weathersandcommuningwithnature—evenifthereareafewtoomanyworms!Itcanalsobeseenasasort

ofdigital-detox—time(數(shù)字排毒時(shí)間)awayfromtechnology._68___

F.Someexpertsactuallybelievethatgettingoutsidetodigandplantthingsactsasa"naturalexcitement"

D.It'snowondersomeofusturntogardeningasaformoftherapy

二、注意邏輯關(guān)系：

找準(zhǔn)文章銜接詞，理清空格與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系。主要邏輯關(guān)系包括：

1?并歹U關(guān)系：first(ly),second(ly),...；first,then/next,........；inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,........；

foronething,fbranotherthing,.......等；

2?遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：too,also,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,what^more,inaddition,not...but...,

notonly.......butalso等；

3.解釋例證關(guān)系：forexample,forinstance,infact/asamatteroffhct,actually,inotherwords/that'sto

say........等；

4?因果關(guān)系：because,becauseof,for,as,since,inthat,onaccountof,with,so,sothat,therefore,thereby,asa

result,hence,thus,consequently,accordingly等；

5,對比轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：however,yet,while/though,or/otherwise,instead,nevertheless,still,yet,onthecontrary等

6?概括歸納關(guān)系：inshortenbrief,insummary,generallyspeaking,ingeneral,toconclude,inconclusion,in

aword,tosumup等。

例1：Asyoutakenotes,youmaywanttouseyourownshorthand.Youdobesurethatyouunderstand;you

dobesurethatyouunderstandyoursymbols.Otherwise,

A.Usewords,notcompletesentences.

B.Therearethreepracticalnote-takingmethods.

C.Youmustwriteyournotesonseparatepaper.

D.youmaynotbeabletoreadyournoteslater.

E.youwillalsowanttodevelopyourownmethodfortakingnotes.

F.Thatmeansyoumustfirstdecidewhatisimportantenoughtoincludeinyournotes.

三、利用細(xì)節(jié)句與主題句的區(qū)別解題

這一技巧需要與空所在位置結(jié)合起來分析。主題句通常在段首，總結(jié)句通常在段尾，相當(dāng)于再

次點(diǎn)題。這兩個(gè)位置多是需要概括性強(qiáng)的語句——主題句。而在段中通常是補(bǔ)充說明內(nèi)容和議論過

程，通常是需要含有內(nèi)容的語句——細(xì)節(jié)句。先判斷空的位置，然后在選項(xiàng)中篩選細(xì)節(jié)句與主題句。

例1：SelfExpression

___5___Therearemanywaystoexpressthoughtsandideas-music,acting,drawingbuilding,

photography.Youmayfindthatyourchildisattractedbyonemorethananother

C.Wecangivekidschancestothinkaboutmaterialsinnewways.

G.Beingabletocommunicateideasinameaningfulwayisavaluableskill.

例2：Self-esteemisthemeasurementorthevalueofhowapersonknowshisworthanditseffectsare

life-changinganddramatic,sinceitmakesupaperson'sattitudeandoutlooktowardslife.___67___But

whenself-esteemislow,youcaneilhersulkandbesadorbeafraidloIryoulnewthingsorlakerisksand

chanceswithyourlove-life,career,relationshipsandself-improvement.

A.Simplyput,self-esteemisthefuelthatmakesyoufeelimportantorlovedbyothers.

E.Whenyourself-esteemishigh,youarelesslikelytobeaffectedbythesesituations.

例3：Untilnow,predictingexactlywhatmakesabestsellerwassomewhatofamystery,yetresearchers

fromNewYorkclaimtohavecreatedanalgorithm（算法）todojustthat.Byanalyzingthewordsusedin

classicbooks,thealgorithmwasabletocorrectlypredictwhichbookswerebestsellers,andwhichwere

lesssuccessful,in84percentofcases.___67___

E.Overall,theyfoundthatsuccessfulbookscontainedahighnumberofnounsandadjectivesand

plentyofquotes.

F.Themostpopularbooksalsofeaturedmoreverbsrelatingto“thought-processing”suchas

“recognized"and"remembered”.

Q典例剖析A

YourNextNurseCouldBeaRobot

Dr.DeMomi,ofthePolitecnicodiMilano(Italy),ledaninternationalteamthattrainedarobotto

imitatenaturalhumanactions.____1Overtimethisshouldleadtoimprovementsinsafetyduring

surgeriesbecauseunliketheirhumancounterpartsrobotsdonottireandcancompleteanendlessseriesof

precisemovements.Thegoalisnottoremovehumanskillfromtheoperatingroom,buttocomplementit

witharobot9sparticularskillsandbenefits.

“Asaroboticist,Iamconvincedthatrobotic(co)workersandcollaboratorswilldefinitelychangethe

workmarket,buttheywon'tstealjobopportunities.2"DeMomiexplains.

ToconducttheirexperimentDeMomi'steamphotographedahumanbeingconductingnumerous

reachingmotions,inawaysimilartohandinginstrumentstoasurgeon.Thesecameracaptureswereinput

intotheneuralnetworkoftheroboticarm,whichiscrucialtocontrollingmovements.Nextahuman

operatorguidedtheroboticarminimitatingthereachingmotionsthatthehumansubjecthadinitially

performed.Althoughtherewasnotaperfectoverlapbetweentheroboticandhumanactions,theywere

broadlysimilar.

3Theseobserversdeterminedwhethertheactionsoftheroboticarmswere"biologically

inspired,“whichwouldindicatethattheirneuralnetworkshadeffectivelylearnedtoimitatehuman

behavior.About70%ofthetimethisisexactlywhatthehumanobserversconcluded.

Theseresultsarepromising,althoughfurtherresearchisnecessarytoconfirmorrefineDeMomi's

conclusions.Ifroboticarmscanindeedimitatehumanbehavior,itwouldbenecessarytobuildconditions

inwhichhumansandrobotscancooperateeffectivelyinhighstressenvironmentslikeoperatingrooms.

4DeMomi'sworkispartofthegrowingfieldofhealthcarerobotics,whichhasthepotential

tochangethewaywereceivehealthcaresoonerratherthanlater.

A.Thisfuturemaynotbeasfarawayaswethink.

B.Robotscan'tsuccessfullyimitatedoctors5motionsintheoperatingroom.

C.Finally,severalhumansobservedastheroboticarmmadenumerousmotions.

D.Thenursingassistantforyournexttriptothehospitalwillstillbearobotinsteadofhumanbeings.

E.Theywilljustallowustodecreaseworkloadandachievebetterperformancesinseveraltasks.

F.Hisworkindicatesthathumansandrobotscaneffectivelycooperateduringhigh-riskeventssuchas

surgeries.

【答案】l.F2.E3.C4.A

【解析】

這是一篇說明文，文中講述意大利醫(yī)生培訓(xùn)了機(jī)器人去模仿人類的動(dòng)作，這將會(huì)提高在手術(shù)室里醫(yī)

生和機(jī)器人合作的效率。

【1題詳解】

上句"Dr.DeMomi,ofthePolitecnicodiMilano(Italy),ledaninternationalteamthattrainedarobotto

imitatenaturalhumanactions.”提到意大利醫(yī)生DeMomi帶領(lǐng)國際團(tuán)隊(duì)，培訓(xùn)機(jī)器人去模仿人類的動(dòng)

作，承接上文，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“他的工作表明人類和機(jī)器人能有效地在像手術(shù)這樣高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的事情中合作''切

題。該選項(xiàng)中hiswork與上句該醫(yī)生的做法是一致的。故選F。

【2題詳解】

上句"Asaroboticist,Iamconvincedthatrobotic(co)workersandcollaboratorswilldefinitelychangethe

workmarket,buttheywon'tstealjobopportunities.”提到作為機(jī)器人專家，我相信機(jī)器人工作人員將一

定能改變工作市場，但是他們不會(huì)偷走工作機(jī)會(huì)，承接上文，E項(xiàng)“他們只是允許我們降低工作負(fù)擔(dān),

及在任務(wù)中表現(xiàn)的更好”切題，本句呼應(yīng)上文中，“機(jī)器人并不能完全代替人類，只是幫助人類做的

更好故選E。

【3題詳解】

下句"Theseobserversdeterminedwhethertheactionsoftheroboticarmswere“biologicallyinspired”中提

到這些觀察者們講決定是否這些機(jī)器人的動(dòng)作是受生理上的刺激。承接下文，C選項(xiàng)“最后，當(dāng)機(jī)器

人的胳膊做動(dòng)作的時(shí)候，有幾個(gè)人在觀察“切題，本句中observed與下句中observers相呼應(yīng)。故選C。

【4本段開頭句“Theseresultsarepromising,”這些研究結(jié)果是有前途的”，呼應(yīng)本主題句，A選項(xiàng)“未

來不會(huì)太遠(yuǎn)”切題，并且呼應(yīng)本段最后一句提到的“soonerratherthanlater”。故選A。

以實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練-

1.

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencegivenbelow.

Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.Perhapsthiscouldonlyworkinacountrywithacrimerateamongthelowestintheworld.

B.ForOhashi,themachinesonceservedasbeacons.

C.Youcanputthemanywhereandtheywon'tbestolenorharmed.

D.Assuch,vendingmachinesoffercertainty.

E.Similarly,vendingmachinesareeverywhere.

F.Butmostareonlystockedwithhotandcolddrinks,someofwhichhavefunnyEnglish

names,like“PocariSweat”or"CalpisWater.”

VendingmachinesareamainstayofJapaneseculture.Thereareover5.5millioninthecountry--

oneforevery23people,thehighestratiointheworld.

They'reubiquitousandalmostalwaysoutdoors,makingthemimmediatelystandouttoanyone

visitingJapan.Theysellnearlyeverything-includingsomeratherpeculiaritems.

(1)

Atnight,ratherthanswitchingoff,themachinescometolifewithvibrantcolorsandbrightlights.

PhotographerEijiOhashihasspentyearsphotographingthemacrossJapaninthedeadofthenight,and

nowhehasbroughttheimagestogetherinabooktitled“RoadsideLights."

(2)"Istartedthisprojectnineyearsago,whenInoticedashinyvending

machinenearmyhomeasIwascomingbackfrommynightshift,"hesaidinanemailinterview."At

thetime,IwaslivinginatowninthenorthofJapanthatwouldgethitbyterribleblizzardsduringthe

wintermonths.I'ddrivemycarin(these)conditionsandusethelightofthevendingmachinestoguide

me.”

Japaneseculturehasanappreciationforprocess.Signsexplaininghowtoqueue,howtogeta

haircutorhowtousethetoiletarepostedeverywhere.(3)

Theirmechanismonlyallowsonepossiblecourseofaction.Likesmartphones,theyprovidea

shieldfrompersonalinteractions.Theyarealsoingrainedintradition:Inruralareas,atthesideofthe

road,it'sstillpossibletofindunmannedwoodenstallswherefarmersplacefruit,vegetablesandother

goodswhichcanbepurchasedbyleavingthecorrectamountofcash.

(4)Similarly,vendingmachinesinJapanarerarelyrobbedor

vandalized.Infact,theyarewelltakencareof,meaningthattheyalwayswork—whichfurther

contributestocustomersatisfaction.ForOhashi,thisisoneofthereasonsbehindtheirpopularity.

Identicaleverywhere,thevendingmachinesmaybringsomesenseofcomforttothosewhotravel

todifferentpartsofthecountry,Ohashisuggests:"Iwantedtocapturethestandardizedformofthe

vendingmachines.Ithoughtyoucouldseethedifferencesbetweentheregionsthroughthescenery

aroundthem.'1

Ohashi'sphotographsconveyasenseoflonelinessbyshowingthemachinesinremotelocationsat

night.nIthinkinsomewaysI'mcomparingmodern-daypeopletovendingmachines.Inourdailylives,

wearealsolikevendingmachinesthatcanwithstandblizzardsbutultimatelygounrewarded.'*

【答案】FBDA

【分析】

1.根據(jù)“Theysellnearlyeverything—includingsomeratherpeculiaritems”選出答案F。

2.答案B是本段的主旨句，根據(jù)后面的內(nèi)容推出。

3.前文說“日本文化對過程有欣賞力。到處都貼著說明如何排隊(duì)、如何理發(fā)或如何使用廁所的標(biāo)志。”

所以選擇D”因此，自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)提供了確定性?！?/p>

4.Similarly表示其前面的句子和后面的句子意思表達(dá)的內(nèi)容相似，所以根據(jù)similarly后面的句子推

出選擇Ao

2.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Each

sentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonesentencemorethanyouneed.

A.Supportersofthemeasurearguethathuntersneedthemtoprotecttheirhearing.

B.Theideawould,atbest,placetheconvenienceofgunownersoverthesafetyofthepublic.

C.Silencersdon'tactuallysilencegunshotsinthewaytheyYeportrayedinmovies,buttheydolower

thesound.

D.However,thesearehardlytheencouragingcallsforchangethatoughttohappen.

E.Inguncontrol,USdoesamuchworseiobthanEurope,whereitissostrictthateventerrorists

Butyouhavetogivegunlobbyists(游說者)credit.They'vecomeupwithsomenewideasandfound

friendsinCongresstopromotethem,evenasthenationisindeepsadnessduetothe58peoplekilledata

musicfestivalinLasVegas.

Atthetopofthewishlist:apushtomakeiteasiertobuygunsilencers.(1).Atworst,they

wouldputinnocentpeopleandpoliceofficersingraverdanger.

Thechangesaretucked(塞)intoameasurecalledtheSportsmen'sHeritageandRecreational

Enhancement(SHARE)Act.Theseeminglyharmlesstitletriestohideitsmostcontroversialcontent.The

proposalgettingthemostattentionisamovetomakeiteasiertobuysilencers.(2).Butwhen

opponentsarguethatsilencerswillmakeithardertoheargunshots,thosesamesupportersinsistitisn'tso.

Sorry,buttheycan'thaveitbothways.

Silencershavebeenavailabletohuntersandothersunderthecurrentlawsince1934.ButtheNational

RifleAssociationthinksittakestoomuchtroubletobuyone.Buyersmustpassacriminalbackground

check,turnovertheirfingerprintstothegovernment,andpaya$200fee.Silencersareregistered,and

transfersaretracked.(3).

TwodaysaftertheLasVegasmassacre(屠殺)，agroupofHouseDemocratscalledonHouseSpeaker

PaulRyantoensurethattheSHAREmeasurewon'tbetakenupbytheHouse.ButthebestRyancould

knowwas,"Idon'tknowwhenit'sgoingtobescheduled.^^

RyanandotherRepublicanswhohaveopposedeverypreviousefforttopassgunmeasuressaidthis

weekthey'dconsiderbanning"bumpstocks,'*anextrapieceofequipmenttheLasVegasshooterusedto

makehissemi-automaticweaponevenmoredangerous.Also,theNRAtalkedfavorablyabout"additional

regulations"butnotanewlaw.(4).

ControllinggunviolenceshouldbeatthetopofCongress'agenda.Instead,accordingtothegun

lobby'sdemand,itislookingatweakeningexistingrestrictions.Thatispathetic.

【答案】BAFD

【分析】

1根據(jù)第二段第三句Atworst,theywouldputinnocentpeopleandpoliceofficersingraverdanger.

不難看出Atworst和選項(xiàng)B的Theideawould,atbest,placetheconvenienceofgunownersoverthe

safetyofthepublic的atbest相對比，故選B。

2.根據(jù)第三段第五句Butwhenopponentsarguethatsilencerswillmakeithardertoheargunshots,those

samesupportersinsistitisn'tso.得矢口Butwhenopponentsargue與選項(xiàng)A.Supportersofthemeasure

arguethathuntersneedthemtoprotecttheirhearing中Supportersofthemeasureargue形成對比,故選

Ao

3.根據(jù)第四段ButtheNationalRifleAssociationthinksittakestoomuchtroubletobuyone.Buyersmust

passacriminalbackgroundcheck,turnovertheirfingerprintstothegovernment,andpaya$200fee.

Silencersareregistered,andtransfersaretracked.得知由于國家對槍支管控很嚴(yán)，不僅需要查犯罪背景

記錄，向政府提交指紋，支付200美元費(fèi)用，還得登記和被追蹤。而現(xiàn)在呼吁放寬槍支購買，無疑

會(huì)讓槍支容易落入犯罪分子手中。故選F。

4.根據(jù)第六段RyanandotherRepublicanswhohaveopposedeverypreviousefforttopassgunmeasures

saidthisweekthey'dconsiderbanning“bumpstocks,"anextrapieceofequipmenttheLasVegasshooter

usedtomakehissemi-automaticweaponevenmoredangerous.Also,theNRAtalkedfavorablyabout

''additionalregulations"butnotanewlaw..得知反對通過槍支控制法的Ryan和其他的共和黨人，本周

也發(fā)表看法禁用半自動(dòng)步槍改造裝置，這些無疑都不是鼓勵(lì)槍支放松使用的做法。故選D。

3.

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextandchoosethemostsuitableheadingfromA-Fforeachparagraph.

Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneed.

—44―

NewYork—theStatueofLiberty（自由女神像），theskyscrapers（摩天大樓）,thebeautifulshops

onFifthAvenueandthemanytheatersonBroadway.ThisisAmerica'scultural（文化的）capital.Itisalso

herbiggestcity,withapopulationofnearly8million.Inthesummeritishot,hot,hotandinthewinterit

canbeverycold.Stilltherearehundredsofthingstodoandseealltheyearround.

_45—

Manhattanistherealcenterofthecity.Whenpeoplesay“NewYorkCity,"theyusuallymean

Manhattan.Mostoftheinterestingshops,buildingsandmuseumsarehere.Inaddition,Manhattanisthe

sceneofNewYork'sbusynightlife.In1605thefirstEuropeanscametoManhattanfromHolland.They

boughttheislandfromtheNativeAmericansforafewglassnecklacesworthabout$26today.

―46―

WallstreetinManhattanisthefinancialheartoftheUSA.Itisalsothemostimportantbankingcenter

intheworld.Itisastreetof'skyscrapers/Thesearehighbuildings,whichAmericansinvented,andbuilt

fasterandhigherthananyoneelse.

―47―

Likeeverybigcity,NewYorkhasitsowntrafficsystem.Trafficjamscanbeterrible.It'susually

quickesttogobysubway.TheNewYorksubwayiseasytouseandquitecheap.Thesubwaygoesto

almosteverycomerofManhattan.Butitisnotsafetotakethesubwaylateatnightbecauseinsomeplaces

youcouldgetrobbed.NewYorkbusesarealsoeasytouse.Youseemoreifyougobybus.Therearemore

than30,000taxisinNewYork.Theyareeasytosee,becausetheyarebrightyellowandcarrylargeTAXI

signs.Taxisdonotgooutsidethecity.However,theywillgototheairports.Inadditiontothetaxifare,

peoplegivethetaxidriveratipof15percentofthefare'svalue.

48

CentralParkisabeautifulgreenoasis（綠洲）inthemiddleofNewYork'sconcrete（混凝土）desert.

Itissurprisinglybig,withlakesandwoods,aswellasorganizedrecreationareas.NewYorkerslove

CentralPark,andtheyuseitallthetime.Inthewinter,theygoice-skating,andinthesummer

roller-skating.Theyplayball,ridehorsesandhavepicnics.Theygobicyclingandboating.Thereisevena

children'szoo,withwildbirdsandanimals.

A.TheFinancialCenterofUSA

B.Americanbiggestcitiesandculturecenter

C.TheTrafficFacilitiesofNewYork

D.Manhattan,realcenterofNewYorkCity

E.NewYork-AnInternationalCity

F.CentralPark一APlaceofRecreationfortheNewYorkers

【答案】44.B45.D46.A47.C48.F

【解析】

【分析】

本文為說明文。文章主要介紹了美國幾座大城市。紐約是美國最大的城市和文化中心，曼哈頓的華

爾街是美國的金融中心，紐約的交通設(shè)施以及中央公園是紐約人的娛樂場所

【44題詳解】

考查綜合分析概括能力。根據(jù)空格下面一段中的“ThisisAmerica'scultural（文化的）capital.Itisalso

herbiggestcity,withapopulationofnearly8million.”可知，紐約是美國的文化之都。這也是她最大的

城市。由此可推斷出B.Americanbiggestcitiesandculturecenter（美國最大的城市和文化中心）為本

段的標(biāo)題，故選B。

[45題詳解】

考查綜合分析概括能力。根據(jù)空格下面一段中的第一句"Manhattanistherealcenterofthecity.When

peoplesay"NewYorkCity/'theyusuallymeanManhattan.”曼哈頓是這個(gè)城市真正的中心。當(dāng)人們說“紐

約市”時(shí)，通常是指曼哈頓?？芍?，曼哈頓是紐約真正的中心。選項(xiàng)D.Manhattan,realcenterofNewYork

City（曼哈頓，紐約真正的中心）是為本段的標(biāo)題。故選D。

【46題詳解】

考查綜合分析概括能力。根據(jù)空格后面一段中的“WallstreetinManhattanisthefinancialheartofthe

USA.Itisalsothemostimportantbankingcenterintheworld.”曼哈頓的華爾街是美國的金融中心?？?/p>

知，A.TheFinancialCenterofUSA（美國金融中心）為本段的標(biāo)題，故選A。

【47題詳解】

考查綜合分析概括能力。根據(jù)空格后面一段中的“Likeeverybigcity,NewYorkhasitsowntraffic

system.Trafficjamscanbeterrible.“像每個(gè)大城市一樣，紐約有自己的交通系統(tǒng)。以及下文中“The

NewYorksubway...yougobybus.Therearemorethan30,000taxis......theywillgototheairports.^^提至ij

紐約的地鐵、公交、出租車和飛機(jī)…?？芍径沃猩婕暗搅思~約的交通設(shè)施?？芍狢.TheTraffic

FacilitiesofNewYork（紐約的交通設(shè)施）為本段的標(biāo)題，故選C。

【48題詳解】

考查綜合分析概括能力。根據(jù)空格后面一段中的“CentralParkisabeautifulgreenoasis（綠洲....Itis

surprisinglybig,withlakesandwoods,aswellasorganizedrecreationareas.NewYorkersloveCentral

Park,andtheyuseitallthetime.Inthewinter,theygoice-skating,andinthesummerroller-skating.They

playball,ridehorsesandhavepicnics.Theygobicyclingandboating.Thereisevenachildren'szoo,with

wildbirdsandanimals/5中央公園是紐約的一個(gè)美麗的綠色綠洲。它令人驚訝地大，有湖泊和森林，

以及有組織的娛樂場所。紐約人喜歡中央公園，而且他們一直在使用它。冬天他們?nèi)セ奶焖?/p>

們?nèi)セ当?。他們打球，騎馬，野餐。他們騎自行車和劃船。這里甚至還有一個(gè)兒童動(dòng)物園，里面

有野生鳥類和動(dòng)物。由此可知，中央公園是紐約人的娛樂場所。故F.CentralPark—APlaceof

RecreationfortheNewYorkers（中央公園是紐約人的娛樂場所）為本段的標(biāo)題。故選F。

4.

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

IsFreshAirReallyGoodforYou?

Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto“gooutandgetsomefresh

air.^^____36____Accordingtorecentstudies,theanswerisabigYES,iftheairqualityinyour

campingareaisgood.37Iftheairyou'rebreathingisclean—whichitwouldbeif

you'reawayfromthesmogofcities—thentheairisfilledwithlife-givingenergizingoxygen.If

youexerciseoutofdoors,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,allowingevenmore

oxygentogettoyourmusclesandyourbrain.

Recently,peoplehavebegunstudyingtheconnectionbetweenthenaturalworldand

healing.38Intheseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheirrecovery.It

turnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lowerbloodpressure,andput

peopleintoabettermood.Greeneryisgoodforus.Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesout

theirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorsky

instead.____39Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.

_40____Whilethesun'srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficial

VitaminD.TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD-butstillprotectyourskin—putonsunscreen

rightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat's

plentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday'sworthofVitaminD.

A.Freshaircleansourlungs.

B.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.

C.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.

D.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?

E.Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociatefreshairwithhealthcare.

F.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.

【答案】36.D37.A38.F39.B40.C

【解析】

【分析】短文講了新鮮空氣的重要性，詳細(xì)地介紹了新鮮空氣對人的身體和精神的幫助，及

其如何獲得新鮮的空氣。

【36題詳解】

根據(jù)下句“Accordingtorecentstudies,theanswerisabigYES,iftheairqualityinyourcamping

areaisgood.”可知，根據(jù)最新研究，如果你宿營區(qū)域空氣質(zhì)量好，答案是肯定，由此推斷，此

處應(yīng)為類似于“呼吸新鮮空氣真的有好處嗎？”這樣的一般疑問句。選項(xiàng)D“但是新鮮空氣真的

像你媽媽說的那樣對你