四川省成都市2021-2022學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末摸底測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試卷

四川省成都市2021-2022學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末摸底測(cè)試

英語(yǔ)試題

第I卷（100分）

第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時(shí)，先將［答案』標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的K答

案】轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選

項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱

讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。

1.Whatdoesthemanlikeaboutthemomentsafterraining?

A.Clearersky.B.Fresherair.C.Closerstars.

2.Whafsthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Strangers.B.Classmates.C.Colleagues.

3.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?

A.Acoffeebreak.B.Anachingneck.C.Abusyschedule.

4.Whatwillthetwospeakersprobablydotomorrow?

A.Dooutdoorsports.

B.Attendaconcert.

C.Checkweatherforecast.

5.Whatleadstotheman'sbeinglate?

A.Aseriousinjury.

B.Arudedriver.

C.Atruckaccident.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)

中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小

題，每小題5秒鐘。聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6至7題。

6.Whydothecouplechoosetoeatout?

A.Themeatgoesbad.

B.Thefridgeisbroken.

C.It'scheap.

7.Whatkindofpersonisthewoman?

A.Generous.B.Kind.C.Careless.

聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至9題。

8.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman'sfather?

A.He'sstrict.B.Hetravelsalot.C.Helikesexperiencingcultures.

9.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Ataparty.B.Inaclassroom.C.Atalibrary.

聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

10.Whichclubwillthemanprobablyjoin?

A.Anunder16sclub.B.Anunder18sclub.C.Anadultsclub.

11.Whenwillthemanprobablygettrained?

A.MondaysandTuesdays.

B.ThursdaysandSaturdays.

C.TuesdaysandThursdays

12.Whatdoesthemanhavetodotojointheclub?

A.Registeronspot.B.Applyonline.C.Emailaphoto.

聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

13.WhyisPeterinvitedtotheinterview?

A.Heisgoodatstudy.

B.Heinventedatechnique.

C.Hebenefitedfromatechnique.

14.What'speter*sadviceonusingthePomodoroTechnique?

A.Takearegularbreak.

B.Completealltasksnonstop.

C.Dividetheworkandtimeit.

15.WhatdoesPeterthinkofthetechnique?

A.Advanced.B.Effective.C.Popular.

16.Whatmightthewomanprobablydoafterinterview?

A.Haveatry.B.Buyatimer.C.PraisePeter.

聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.Whatdoyouknowaboutllamasandalpacas?

A.Theyarewild.B.Theyaresociable.C.TheyarefromNorthAmerica.

18.Whenwillllamasspit?

A.Whenmistreated.B.Whencarryingthings.C.Whenlivinginherds.

19.Whatmakesthewoolofalpacasfamous?

A.Itsorigin.B.Itsquality.C.Itsprice.

20.Whatprobablydoesthespeakerdo?

A.Azooguide.B.ATVhost.C.Anewsreporter.

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡

上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

Fancyearningrewardsforgivingyouropinions?Norstatisofferingexactlythat.

Whatareyougoingtodo?

Participateinsurveyswheneveryouwantandgetrewardedfbrexpressingyouropinions.By

participatinginNorstatpanelsurveys,yougettoinfluencetheproductsandservicesofthefuture.

Thispart-timejobiscompletelyflexible,andanexcellentwaytoearnmoney.

Howdoesitwork?

Eachsurveywillonlytakebetween5~20minutes.Itiscompletelyfreetosignup,andupto

youwhichsurveysyouwouldliketodo.Youwillberewardedforeachcompletedsurveyandas

yourespondtomoresurveys,youunlocknewbenefitsandreceivemorerewards!Completeyour

profilesurveytobeinwithachanceofwinningaf20Amazonvoucher（代金券）.

Whatdoweoffer?

Completingsurveyswillearnyoucoins,whichyoucanchoosetospendindifferentways.

Youlivebythemotto“cashisking"?Noproblem!Youcanspendyourcoinsonauniversal

giftcardthatcanbeusedathundredsofdifferentstores!Youcanalsouseyourcoinsasadonation

towardsforestplanting.

Whatdovveask?

?Noeducationbackgroundisrequired.

?Don'tbeafraidtogiveyourhonestopinion.There9renoincorrectanswers.

?Youhaveaccesstotheinternet,amobilephoneorcomputer.

.YouliveintheUK.

?Noexperienceisrequired.

Areyoutheperfectcandidate?Click“applynow”!

1.Whatwillyoudointhejob?

A.Signupwithlittlecost.B.Collectsurveys.

C.Designbetterproducts.D.Giveyouropinions.

2.Whichisamustforthejob?

A.Amobilephone.B.AUKresidence.

C.Relatedexperience.D.Collegeeducation.

3.Wherecanyouprobablyreadthispassage?

A.Onawebsite.B.Inamagazine.

C.Inatravelguide.D.Onanoticeboard.

K答案Hl.D2.B3.A

K解析』

K導(dǎo)語(yǔ)Z本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹的是Norstat項(xiàng)目。該項(xiàng)目提供的是可以通過(guò)發(fā)表自己的

觀點(diǎn)來(lái)獲得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的服務(wù)。

K1題詳析1

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Fancyearningrewardsforgivingyouropinions?Norstatisoffering

exactlythat.”（想要通過(guò)發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)獲得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)嗎？Norstat提供的正是這種服務(wù)。）可知，

在Norstat中，你可以發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)獲取獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。故選D。

K2題詳析》

根據(jù)Whatdoweask?部分中的“YouliveintheUK."（你住在英國(guó)）可知，該工作的要求之一

是，工作人員必須住在英國(guó)。故選B。

K3題詳析》

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一句"Areyoutheperfectcandidate?Click"applynow"!"（你是完美的

候選人嗎?現(xiàn)在點(diǎn)擊“申請(qǐng)”?。?，可知，該信息來(lái)自于網(wǎng)站。故選A。

B

ThestepsatthebackofDavidOlson'shouseinNortonShores,Michigan,werebreakingoff

andhadtogo.SoonedaylastJuly,Olsonstartedtodosomerepairwork.Hewassurprisedtosee

thatthegroundunderneathwassand,notdirt.Evenmoresurprising,therewerethreebowling

ballsintheholehe'dmade."Noway,“Olsonsaidoutloud.

Allafternoon,Olsondugoutsandandbowlingballs.AsOlsonreachedthelaststep,he

countedtheballsandwasshockedtoget158.TheballsOlsondugupareBrunswicks,abowling

productscompanynearwhereOlsonlives.Buthowdidsomanyofthemgetintotheground

behindhishouse?

AlocalwomannamedJudyhadatheory.HerhusbandhadworkedalBrunswickfor48years,

testingbowlingballstomakesuretheywerequalified.HetoldJudythatsometimeshomeowners

woulduseunqualifiedballsasfillerfbrtheirbackyards.Sandandbowlingballswouldn'tbe

legallyaccepted,butthecombinationisstructurallysound.Mosthighwaysarebuiltusingthe

samebasicprinciple,withpavement（路面）overarockfoundation.

Andthatwasn'ttheendofit.WeeksafterpostinghisfindonFacebook,Olsonheardalocal

restaurantaskedtousetheballsinabowlingmatch.Inexchange,Olsonandhiswifecouldplay

forfree.

Neitherofthemhadbowledinyears,buttheystruggledforawinintheirfirstmatch.Then

theywonagain.AsDavidandMeganOlsonkeptwinning,theystartedtobelievethatthese

bowlingballsweremorethanjustastrangebackyarddiscoverybutanamazinggift.

4.WhatsurprisedOlsonmost?

A.Theballsbelongedtoanearbycompany.

B.Thestepsbehindhishousewerebroken.

C.Thegroundunderneaththestepswassand.

D.Thereweremanybowlingballsunderhisbackyard.

5.WhatdoweknowaboutbowlingballsinParagraph3?

A.Theyareallowedinconstructionbylaw.

B.Theyareusedinbuildingmosthighways.

C.Theycouldbeareasonableconstructionmaterial.

D.Thequalityofbowlingballswerenottakenseriously.

6.HowdidtheOlsonsfeelwhentheykeptwinningthematches?

A.Confident.B.Satisfied.C.Puzzled.D.Lucky.

7.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Judy'sTheoryB.FamilyMatters

C.AnUnexpectedDiscoveryD.BowlingMatches

K答案》4.D5.C6.D7.C

k解析』

K導(dǎo)語(yǔ)』本文是一篇記敘文。本文敘述了DavidOlson在修補(bǔ)自家后院的臺(tái)階時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了眾多

保齡球。原來(lái)這些保齡球和沙子結(jié)合起來(lái)能夠當(dāng)作填充物來(lái)填補(bǔ)后院。DavidOlson將其發(fā)

現(xiàn)發(fā)布到臉書(shū)，一家餐館申請(qǐng)使用它們來(lái)舉辦保齡球比賽，DavidOlson夫妻倆可以免費(fèi)玩。

這對(duì)他們倆來(lái)說(shuō)保齡球簡(jiǎn)直是神奇的禮物。

R4題詳析』

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的"Hewassurprisedtoseethatthegroundunderneathwassand,not

dirt.Evenmoresurprising,therewerethreebowlingballsintheholehe'dmade.（他驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)

下面的地面是沙子，而不是泥土。更令人驚訝的是，他挖的洞里有三個(gè)保齡球。）”以及第二

段的"AsOlsonreachedthelaststep,hecountedtheballsandwasshockedtoget158.（當(dāng)Olson走

到最后一步時(shí)，他數(shù)了數(shù)球，震驚地得到了158個(gè)。廠可知，在修補(bǔ)后院臺(tái)階時(shí)，最讓他驚

訝的是地底下有許多的保齡球。故選D項(xiàng)。

K5題詳析》

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“HetoldJudythatsometimeshomeownerswoulduseunqualified

ballsasfillerfortheirbackyards.Sandandbowlingballswouldn'tbelegallyaccepted,butthe

combinationisstructurallysound.Mosthighwaysarebuiltusingthesamebasicprinciple,with

pavement（路面）overarockfoundation」他告訴朱迪，有時(shí)房主會(huì)用不合格的球作為他們后院

的填充物。沙子和保齡球在法律上是不被接受的，但是這種結(jié)合在結(jié)構(gòu)上是合理的。大多數(shù)

高速公路都是用同樣的基本原理建造的，在巖石地基上鋪設(shè)路面。）”可知，不合格的保齡球

和沙子結(jié)合在一起能很好地當(dāng)作填充物，其結(jié)構(gòu)是合理的。因此，保齡球從某種程度來(lái)說(shuō)可

以當(dāng)作一種合理的建筑材料。故選C項(xiàng)。

K6題詳析》

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“AsDavidandMeganOlsonkeptwinning,theystartedtobelieve

thatthesebowlingballsweremorethanjustastrangebackyarddiscoverybutanamazinggift.（隨

著DavidandMeganOlson不斷獲勝，他們開(kāi)始相信這些保齡球不僅僅是一個(gè)奇怪的后院發(fā)

現(xiàn)，而是一個(gè)驚人的禮物。）''可知，一開(kāi)始David很不理解怎么地底下還有保齡球，但是通

過(guò)慢慢了解后才知到它們的用處。而在保齡球被拿去當(dāng)作比賽用品時(shí)，他們還能免費(fèi)打保齡

球且經(jīng)常贏，他們覺(jué)得這些保齡是個(gè)神奇的禮物，即他們贏得了比賽感到很幸運(yùn)。故選D

項(xiàng)。

"題詳析X

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的"Hewassurprisedtoseethatthegroundunderneathwassand,not

dirt.Evenmoresurprising,therewerethreebowlingballsintheholehe'dmade.（他t京訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)

下面的地面是沙子，而不是泥土。更令人驚訝的是，他挖的洞里有三個(gè)保齡球。）”以及最后

一段的“AsDavidandMeganOlsonkeptwinning,theystartedtobelievethatthesebowlingballs

weremorethanjustastrangebackyarddiscoverybutanamazinggift.（隨著DavidandMegan

Olson不斷獲勝，他們開(kāi)始相信這些保齡球不僅僅是一個(gè)奇怪的后院發(fā)現(xiàn)，而是一個(gè)驚人的

禮物。）”可知，本文圍繞著David在后院發(fā)現(xiàn)的保齡來(lái)講述整個(gè)故事。這是一個(gè)意想不到的

發(fā)現(xiàn)，但卻有驚喜的結(jié)果。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“一個(gè)意想不到的發(fā)現(xiàn)故選C項(xiàng)。

C

Foralmostallofhumanhistory,theEarth'spopulationhastendedtobeyounger.Butsince

thelastWorldPopulationDayonJuly11,amajorshiftoccurred:Therearenowmorepeopleaged

65andolderthanthereareunderagefive.

WorldPopulationDaywasestablishedbytheUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramin1989

tobringattentiontopopulationissues.Havingmorepeopleontheplanetisnottheonlyconcern,

though,sinceapopulation'sagestructurematterstoo.

Increasedlifetimeisaremarkablehumansuccessstory,buthavingmoreelderlypeoplealso

createsanumberofsocioeconomicconcerns.Theglobalpopulationwillcontinuetoageasthese

twogroupsgrowinoppositedirections.By2100,thepercentageofthepopulationaged65and

olderwillrisetonearly25percent-aboutfivetimesthatofchildrenunderfive.

“Mostdevelopedcountrieshavebeenagingforacentury,givingthemtimetoprepareforthe

changes.Butdevelopingcountrieswillbecomeoldbeforetheybecomerich,“saysresearcher

ToshikoKaneda.ManycountriesinLatinAmericaandAsiaareagingmuchfasterandhaveless

timeandresourcestopreparehealth-caresystems.

Whataretheconsequencesofanolderglobalpopulation?Supportingelderlypeopleismore

expensivethancaringforyoungones.Pressingissuesariselikehowtoprovidelong-termcare,

andmaintainalaborforce.IndevelopedregionslikeEurope,where10percentofthepopulation

overage50ischildless,elderlycareisamajorworry.

“Notasinglecountryhasbeenabletochangedecliningtrendsinfertility（生育）despite

governmentrequestsforpeopletoreproduceashasbeendoneacrossEuropeandinJapan,“

Kanedasays."Theagingtrendiscontinuous.

Butdecliningfertilityratescanhavepositiveeffectstoo,saysKaneda.Whenfertilityrates

declinebutthepopulationhasn'tagedyet,governmentscanspendmoreonsecondaryandhigher

education,andbenefittheeconomy.BothThailandandSouthKoreahaveseizedtheopportunity

duringthisidealperiod.

8.Whatdoweknowabouttheglobalpopulation?

A.Ittendedtobeyoungeruntilnow.

B.Peoplearelivinglongerandhavingfewerkids.

C.Agestructuremattersmorethanpopulationsize.

D.Developedcountriesarefacingtougherchallenges.

9.Whichchartshowstheglobaltrendinthepercentageofchildrenunderfive?

25percent

...............??????????25percent

19502100

percent

25percent

1950210019502100

10.What'sKaneda'sattitudetowardstheglobalpopulationissue?

A.Critical.B.Objective.

C.Optimistic.D.Doubtful.

11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thedecliningtrendinthefertilityrates.

B.Theconsequencesoftheagingpopulation.

C.TheestablishmentofWorldPopulationDay.

D.Thepresentsituationoftheglobalpopulation.

K答案』8.B9.A10.B11.D

K解析《

K導(dǎo)語(yǔ)》本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。短文介紹了關(guān)于全球人口的現(xiàn)狀。

K8題詳析]]

名田節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第——段中“Therearenowmorepeopleaged65andolderthanthereareunder

agefive."（現(xiàn)在65歲及以上的人比5歲以下的人要多。）以及第五段中“Indevelopedregions

likeEurope,where10percentofthepopulationoverage50ischildless,elderlycareisamajor

worry."（在歐洲等發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)，50歲以上人口的10%沒(méi)有孩子，老年人的照顧是一個(gè)主要問(wèn)

題。）可知，人們的壽命越來(lái)越長(zhǎng)，生育的孩子越來(lái)越少。故選B。

K9題詳析》

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Theglobalpopulationwillcontinuetoageasthesetwogroupsgrow

inoppositedirections.By2100,thepercentageofthepopulationaged65andolderwillriseto

nearly25percent-aboutfivetimesthatofchildrenunderfive.”（全球人口將繼續(xù)老齡化，因?yàn)?/p>

這兩個(gè)群體的增長(zhǎng)方向相反。到2100年，65歲及以上的人口比例將上升到近25%,大約是

5歲以下兒童比例的5倍。）可知，到2100年的時(shí)候5歲以下兒童的比例將會(huì)下降到老年人

口的五分之一。故徐A。

口0題詳析》

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Notasinglecountryhasbeenabletochangedecliningtrendsin

fertility（生育）despitegovernmentrequestsforpeopletoreproduceashasbeendoneacross

EuropeandinJapan,"Kanedasays."Theagingtrendiscontinuous.w,（Kaneda說(shuō)：“盡管政府

要求人們像歐洲和日本那樣生育，但沒(méi)有一個(gè)國(guó)家能夠改變生育率下降的趨勢(shì)’‘老齡化趨勢(shì)

一直在持續(xù)）可知，Kaneda認(rèn)為老齡化是全世界所不可避免的一個(gè)趨勢(shì)，而且是持續(xù)的趨

勢(shì)。所以Kaneda對(duì)全球人口問(wèn)題的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選B。

K11題詳析」

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Foralmostallofhumanhistory,theEarth*spopulationhastendedto

beyounger.ButsincethelastWorldPopulationDayonJuly11,amajorshiftoccurred:Thereare

nowmorepeopleaged65andolderthanthereareunderagefive.^^（在幾乎所有人類歷史中，地

球人口都趨于年輕化。但自7月11日最后一個(gè)世界人口日以來(lái)，發(fā)生了一個(gè)重大變化：現(xiàn)

在65歲及以上的人口比5歲以下的人口還要多）可知，短文主要是關(guān)于全球人口的現(xiàn)狀。

故選D。

D

Agemaybejustanumber,butit'sanumberthatoftencarriesunwantedsideeffects,from

fragilebonesandweakermusclestoincreasedrisksofheartdiseaseandcancer.Now,scientistsat

theSalkInstitutehaveshownthattheycansafelyandeffectivelyreversetheagingprocessin

middle-agedandelderlymicebypartiallyresettingtheircellstomoreyouthfulstates.

Aslivingcreaturesage,itisnotjusttheiroutwardappearancesandhealththatchange;every

cellintheirbodiescarriesamolecularclock（分子鐘）thatrecordsthepassageoftime.Cellsfrom

olderpeopleoranimalshavedifferentpatternsofchemicalsalongtheirDNA,calledepigenetic

markers（表觀遺傳標(biāo)志物），comparedtoyoungerpeopleoranimals.Scientistsknowthatadding

amixtureoffourreprogrammingmolecules-alsoknownas"Yamanakafactors”—tocellscan

resettheseepigeneticmarkerstotheiroriginalpatterns.Thisapproachishowresearcherscandial

backadultcells,developmentallyspeaking,intostemcells（干細(xì)胞）.

Inthenewstudy,IzpisuaBelmonte,aprofessorinSalk'sGeneExpressionLaboratory,and

hiscolleaguestestedvariationsoftheapproachinhealthyanimalsastheyaged.Thefirstgroupof

micereceivedtheYamanakafactorsfromthetimetheywere15monthsolduntil22months,

approximatelyequaltoage50through70inhumans.Anothergroupwastreatedfrom12through

22months,approximatelyage35to70inhumans.Andathirdgroupwastreatedforjustone

monthatage25months,similartoage80inhumans.

“Whatwereallywantedtoestablishwasthatusingthisapproachforalongertimeissafe,,,

saysBelmonte."Indeed,wedidnotseeanynegativeeffectsonthehealth,behaviororbody

weightoftheseanimals."Comparedtocontrolanimals,therewerenobloodcellchangesinthe

micethathadreceivedtheYamanakafactors.Moreover,theteamfoundnocancersinanyofthe

groupsofanimals.

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"reverse“inParagraph1probablymean?

A.Maintain.B.Start.

C.Change.D.Quicken.

13.WhatdoweknowabouttheYamanakafactors?

A.Theyconsistoffourreprogrammingmolecules.

B.Theycanturnepigeneticmarkersintostemcells.

C.Theyhavebeenappliedtolowertheriskofheartdisease.

D.TheywerediscoveredbyIzpisuaBelmonteandhiscolleagues.

14.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Thepurposeofthestudy.B.Theprocedureofthestudy.

C.Thebackgroundofthestudy.D.Thesignificanceofthestudy.

15.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A.Toreporttheresultofacancerstudy.

B.Tointroduceacurefbragingdiseases.

C.Toinformabreakthroughingeneresearch.

D.Toexplaintheprocessofkeepingmiceyoung.

K答案』12.C13.A14.B15.C

R解析』

K導(dǎo)語(yǔ)》本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了科學(xué)家們可以通過(guò)將中老年老鼠的細(xì)胞部分重置為

更年輕的狀態(tài)，安全有效地逆轉(zhuǎn)其衰老過(guò)程。科學(xué)家通過(guò)分組實(shí)驗(yàn)，對(duì)不同年齡層的老鼠做

了研究，均沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)有任何消極的影響。

口2題詳析》

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段的“Now,scientistsattheSalkInstitutehaveshownthattheycansafely

andeffectivelyreversetheagingprocessinmiddle-agedandelderlymicebypartiallyresetting

Iheircellstomoreyouthfulslates.（現(xiàn)在，索爾克研究所的科學(xué)家已經(jīng)表明，他們可以安全有效

地reverse中年和老年老鼠的衰老過(guò)程，方法是將它們的細(xì)胞部分重置為更年輕的狀態(tài)。）”

可知，將老鼠的細(xì)胞部分重置為更年輕的狀態(tài)可以有效轉(zhuǎn)變它們的衰老過(guò)程，使它們重回年

輕狀態(tài)。因此，此處“reserve”意為“改變”。故選C項(xiàng)。

S3題詳析H

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Scientistsknowthataddingamixtureoffourreprogramming

molecules-alsoknownas“Yamanakafactors”-tocellscanresettheseepigeneticmarkersto

theiroriginalpatterns.（科學(xué)家們知道，向細(xì)胞中加入四種重編程分子的混合物----也被稱為

“山中伸彌因子”——可以將這些表觀遺傳標(biāo)記重置為它們的原始模式。）“可知，山中伸彌因

子是由四種重編程分子。故選A項(xiàng)。

口4題詳析X

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段整段“Inthenewstudy,IzpisuaBelmonte,aprofessorinSalk'sGene

ExpressionLaboratory,andhiscolleaguestestedvariationsoftheapproachinhealthyanimalsas

theyaged.ThefirstgroupofmicereceivedtheYamanakafactorsfromthetimetheywere15

monthsolduntil22months,approximatelyequaltoage50through70inhumans.Anothergroup

wastreatedfrom12through22months,approximatelyage35to70inhumans.Andathirdgroup

wastreatedforjustonemonthatage25months,similartoage80inhumans.（在這項(xiàng)新的研究

中，薩爾克基因表達(dá)實(shí)驗(yàn)室的教授IzpisuaBelmonte和他的同事們?cè)诮】祫?dòng)物衰老的過(guò)程中

測(cè)試了這種方法的變異。第一組老鼠從15個(gè)月大到22個(gè)月大時(shí)接受了山中伸彌因子治療,

在人類中大約等于50歲到70歲。另一組在12至22個(gè)月期間接受治療，人類年齡約為35

至70歲。第三組在25個(gè)月大時(shí)只接受了一個(gè)月的治療，與人類80歲時(shí)的情況相似。戶可

知，此段主要介紹了這項(xiàng)新研究進(jìn)行了三組的實(shí)驗(yàn)，每組實(shí)驗(yàn)的老鼠是不同年齡層次的。因

此本段講述的是實(shí)驗(yàn)的過(guò)程。故選B項(xiàng)。

口5題詳析］

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的"Now,scientistsattheSalkInstitutehaveshownthattheycansafely

andeffectivelyreversetheagingprocessinmiddle-agedandelderlymicebypartiallyresetting

theircellstomoreyouthfulstates4現(xiàn)在，索爾克研究所的科學(xué)家已經(jīng)表明，他們可以安全有效

地逆轉(zhuǎn)中年和老年老鼠的衰老過(guò)程，方法是將它們的細(xì)胞部分重置為更年輕的狀態(tài)。戶以及

第二段的“Scientistsknowthataddingamixtureoffourreprogrammingmolecules—alsoknown

as"Yamanakafactors^^—tocellscanresettheseepigeneticmarkerstotheiroriginalpatterns.This

approachishowresearcherscandialbackadultcells,developmentallyspeaking,intostemcells

（干細(xì)胞）.（科學(xué)家們知道，向細(xì)胞中加入四種重編程分子的混合物——也被稱為“山中伸彌因

子，，—可以將這些表觀遺傳標(biāo)記重置為它們的原始模式。從發(fā)育角度來(lái)說(shuō)，研究人員正是

通過(guò)這種方法將成年細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)變成干細(xì)胞。戶以及最后一段的“"Indeed,wedidnotseeany

negativeeffectsonthehealth,behaviororbodyweightoftheseanimals."（"事實(shí)上，我們沒(méi)有看

到對(duì)這些動(dòng)物的健康、行為或體重有任何負(fù)面影響?！睉艨芍?，本文主要講述了科學(xué)家在基

因研究方面取得重大進(jìn)展，能夠有效地逆轉(zhuǎn)老鼠的衰老過(guò)程。因此，本文是為了介紹在基因

研究上的重大突破。故選c項(xiàng)。

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選

項(xiàng)。

GoodWaystoLearnaForeignLanguage

Therearemanywaystolearnaforeignlanguage.16Thefollowingarethreeagreed

uponstandardlanguagelearningstyles.

Immersionlearning（沉浸式學(xué)習(xí)）.17Themostcommonmethodistovisitacountry

foralongperiodoftimeandlearnyourdesiredlanguagenaturallythroughbeingforcedtolearn

tocommunicatewithyourcommunity.Anothermethodistouseaforeignlanguageapponthe

“fbreign”setting.18

Casuallearning.Thistechniqueisverypopularamongeducatorsandstudents.19Itis

usinganapptofamiliarizeyourselfwithbasicvocabulary,phrases,andcontextofalanguage.

Thisencouragesyoutohaveforeignlanguageawarenessinyournativesurroundings,anduse

whatyouhavelearnedtocommunicate.

Peer-to-Peerlanguagelearning.Comparedtoothers,thisisanewertrend,especiallyfbradult

languagelearning.P2Ptechniquemeansemployinganativespeakertoexploreyourcommunity

withyouandhaveconversationsaboutwhatyouareseeinganddoing.20Butitdoes

involvesomebasicmemorizationtechniquesbeforeyouareatastartingpointtobeginworking

withyourindividualteacher.

A.Sowhatiscasuallearning?

B.Butwhentoperformcasuallearning?

C.Thisissimilartoimmersionlearning.

D.Thistechniquecanbeusedinmultipleways.

E.Learningaforeignlanguagerequirespatience.

F.Thebesttechniquestolearnnewlanguagesarestillunderdebate.

G.Throughit,youcanreceivelessonsonlyinthelanguageofyourchoice.

K答案』16.F17.D18.G19.A20.C

K解析』公眾號(hào)：高中試卷君

K導(dǎo)語(yǔ)》本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹的是學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)外語(yǔ)的好方法。

R16題詳析2

根據(jù)前文的“Therearemanywaystolearnaforeignlanguage.”（學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)外語(yǔ)有很多方法。）

可知，學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的方法有很多種。到底哪兒一種方法是最好的還仍是有爭(zhēng)議的。根據(jù)空后的

“Thefollowingarethreeagreeduponstandardlanguagelearningstyles?'（以下是三種公認(rèn)的標(biāo)

準(zhǔn)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)方式。）可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該承接上文并且引起下文，即在眾多不確定的學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)

外語(yǔ)的方法中，本文介紹的三種方法是公認(rèn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習(xí)方式。故F選項(xiàng)“Thebest

techniquestolearnnewlanguagesarestillunderdebate.'^學(xué)習(xí)新語(yǔ)言的最佳技巧仍在爭(zhēng)論中。）

符合句意。故選F。

K17題詳析》

根據(jù)后文的“Themostcommonmethodistovisitacountryforalongperiodoftimeandlearn

yourdesiredlanguagenaturallythroughbeingforcedtolearntocommunicatewithyour

community.Anothermethodistouseaforeignlanguageapponthe*'fbreign^^setting."（最常見(jiàn)的

方法是長(zhǎng)時(shí)間訪問(wèn)一個(gè)國(guó)家，通過(guò)強(qiáng)迫學(xué)習(xí)與你的社區(qū)交流自然地學(xué)習(xí)你想要的語(yǔ)言。另一

種方法是在“外語(yǔ)”設(shè)置上使用外語(yǔ)應(yīng)用程序。）可知，講述的是沉浸式學(xué)習(xí)的方式有很多種

方法來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)。故設(shè)空處應(yīng)該指出沉浸式學(xué)習(xí)有很多種方式。D選項(xiàng)“Thistechniquecanbeused

inmultipleways.”（這種技術(shù)可以以多種方式使用。）中的this指代的是前文的“Immersion

learning''；同時(shí)"multipleways”指代的是下文的兩種方法。故選D。

K18題詳析》

根據(jù)前文的"Anothermethodistouseaforeignlanguageapponthelifo^eign^^setting."（另一種

方法是在“外語(yǔ)”設(shè)置上使用外語(yǔ)應(yīng)用程序。）可知，在程序上設(shè)定學(xué)習(xí)某種外語(yǔ)，故只能學(xué)

習(xí)指定的語(yǔ)言。G選項(xiàng)“Throughit,youcanreceivelessonsonlyinthelanguageofyourchoice.”

（通過(guò)它，你只能學(xué)習(xí)你選擇的語(yǔ)言。）中的it指代的是在語(yǔ)言app,承接上文。故選G。

口9題詳析】

根據(jù)空前的"Casuallearning.Thistechniqueisverypopularamongeducatorsandstudents."（隨

意的學(xué)習(xí)。這種方法在教育者和學(xué)生中很受歡迎。）可知，本段主要探討的是Casuallearning

這一語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)方法。A選項(xiàng)中“Sowhatiscasuallearning?"（什么是隨意的學(xué)習(xí)方法呢？）與

本段的段旨呼應(yīng)，引出下文對(duì)隨意的學(xué)習(xí)這一方法具體內(nèi)容的解釋，故選A。

K20題詳析U

根據(jù)前文的“P2Ptechniquemeansemployinganativespeakertoexploreyourcommunitywith

youandhaveconversationsaboutwhatyouareseeinganddoing.^^（P2P技術(shù)意味著雇傭一個(gè)母

語(yǔ)為英語(yǔ)的人與你一起探索你的社區(qū)，并就你所看到的和所做的進(jìn)行對(duì)話。）可知，這種學(xué)

習(xí)方法與沉浸式學(xué)習(xí)相似，都是強(qiáng)調(diào)的是找尋一個(gè)以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人一起探討生活中各個(gè)方

面，根據(jù)空后的“Butitdoesinvolvesomebasicmemorizationtechniquesbeforeyouareata

startingpointtobeginworkingwithyourindividualteacher.^^（但是在你開(kāi)始跟你的老師學(xué)習(xí)之

前，它確實(shí)涉及一些基本的記憶技巧。）可知，P2P的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)方式又不同于沉浸式學(xué)習(xí)，

P2P的學(xué)習(xí)還涉及到一些基本的記憶技巧。C選項(xiàng)“Thisissimilartoimmersionlearning."（這

個(gè)類似于沉浸式學(xué)習(xí)）中的ihis指代的是前文的P2P的學(xué)習(xí)方法與沉浸式學(xué)習(xí)相似，都是

強(qiáng)調(diào)的是找尋一個(gè)以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人一起探討生活中各個(gè)方面，同時(shí)與空后的But形成轉(zhuǎn)

折，故選C。

第三部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）

第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題L5分，滿分30分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中選出可以填入空白處的

最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

PorrasandherdaughterElenahavebeentakingweightliftingclassestogetherforfiveyears,

thoughElenaisparalyzed（癱瘓）fromthewaistdown.

WhenElenawasborn,shewasdiagnosedwithacancerwhich21fromimmature

nervecells.Thisresultedinher22towalk.Porraswasinsucha（n）23thatshe

neededtoseeapsychiatrist（精神科醫(yī)生）herself.Shewas24tocreatealong-termplan

forlifeandstart25.Alocalhealthclubtrainerrecommendedweightlifting.

OncePorrasstartedattendingthestrengthtrainingclasses,she26Elenawithher,

“Shesawmebecome27againandstarttohavemycommunity.Iwantedhertobeapart

ofthat,too."NowElenadoes28trainingwithhermom.Together,theyhavebecome

stronger,bothmentallyandphysically.

Outoftheirexpectation,amiracle29.Monthsago,Porraswasaboutto30

Elenaintothecarfromherwheelchair,buthadtogobackto31thedoor."WhenIturned

aroundandfoundherinthefrontseat,Iwas32Porrassaid."Igotinbymyself,Mom...

I'm33likeyou."saidElena.

Today,Elenaisinasurvivorshipclinicand34numerousteststogetherhealth

35.However,asElenagetsolder,theyhavetofacemore36.Luckily,allofher

efforts37.“EachyearIfindmyselfmore38andmentallystronger,saidPorras.

Meanwhile,Elena'sworkoutshave39hergrowth."Youcanbehappyorsad,butI

40tobe