2023版高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)第一部分重點(diǎn)全程攻略Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars限時(shí)規(guī)范特訓(xùn)新人教版必修3

PAGEPAGE6Unit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsⅠ.閱讀理解(建議用時(shí)16′)A[2022·復(fù)旦附中高三檢測(cè)]Spaceexplorationhasalwaysbeentheprovinceeq\a\vs4\al(W1)ofdreamers:Thehumanimaginationreadilysoarswhilehumaningenuity(創(chuàng)造力)strugglestofollow.AVoyagetotheMoon,oftencitedasthefirstsciencefictionstory,waswrittenbyCyranodeBergeracin1649.Cyranowasdeadandburiedforagoodthreecenturiesbeforethefirstmannedrocketsstartedtofly.In1961,whenPresidentKennedydeclaredthatAmericawouldsendamantothemoonbythedecade'send,thosewords,too,hadadreamlikequality.Theyresonatedwithoptimismandambitioninmuchthesamewayasthemostfamousdreamspeechofall,deliveredeq\a\vs4\al(W2)byMartinLutherKingJr.twoyearslater.Bytheendofthedecade,bothvisionshadyieldedconcreteresultsandtransformedAmericansociety.Andyetinmanywaysthetwodreamsendedupatoddswitheachother.Thefightforracialandeconomicequalityisintenselypragmatic(講求實(shí)用的)andimmediateinitsimpact.Theurgetoexplorespaceisjusttheopposite.Itisfigurativelyandliterallyotherworldlyinitsaims.Whenthedustsettled,thespacedreamerslostout.Therewasnograndfollow－uptotheApollomissions.Thetechnologicallycompromisedeq\a\vs4\al(W3)spaceshuttleprogramhasjustcometoanendeq\a\vs4\al(P1)，withnosuccessor.Theperpetualargumentisthatfundsaretight,thatwehavemorepressingproblemshereonEarth.Amidthecurrentconcernsaboutthefederaldeficit,reachingtowardthestarsseemsadispensableluxury—asifsavingone－thousandthofasingleyear'sbudgetwouldsolveourproblems.Buthumaningenuitystruggleson.NASAisdevelopingaseriesofroboticprobesthatwillgetthemostbangfromabuck.TheywillserveasmodernMagellans,mappingoutthesolarsystemforwhateverexplorersfollow,whethermanormachine.Ontheflipside,companieslikeVirginGalacticareplottingabottom－upassaultonthespacedreambymakingitarealitytothepublic.Privatespaceflightcouldliewithinreachofrichcivilianseq\a\vs4\al(W4)inafewyears.Anotherdecadeortwoanditcouldgomainstream.Thespacedreamersendupbenefitingallofus－notjustbecauseofthewaytheyexpandhumanknowledge,orbecauseofthespin－offtechnologiestheyproduce,butbecausethetwotypesofdreamsfeed_offeachother.BothMartinLutherKingandJohnKennedyappealedtoeq\a\vs4\al(P2)theideathathumanscantranscendwhatwereonceconsideredinherentlimitations.Todaywefaceseemingchallengesinenergy,theenvironment,healthcare.Tomorrowwewilltranscendtheseaswell,andthedreamerswilldeservealotofthecrediteq\a\vs4\al(W5).Themoreevidencewecollectthatourspeciesiscapableofgreatness,themorewewillactuallyachieveit.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文。作者認(rèn)為太空探索一直都是夢(mèng)想家的領(lǐng)域，它激發(fā)了人類的想象力和創(chuàng)造力。1．TheauthormentionsCyranodeBergeracinordertoshowthat________.A．imaginationisthemotherofinventionB．ingenuityisessentialforsciencefictionwritersC．ittakespatienceforhumanstorealizetheirdreamsD．dreamershavealwaysbeeninterestedinsciencefiction答案：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句中的“Thehumanimaginationreadilysoarswhilehumaningenuity(創(chuàng)造力)strugglestofollow.〞可知，人類想象力洶涌澎湃，而人類的創(chuàng)造力也苦苦地緊追不舍，也就是“想象是創(chuàng)造之母〞。應(yīng)選A。2．HowdidthegeneralpublicviewKennedy'sspaceexplorationplan?A．ItsymbolizedtheAmericandream.B．Itwasasurgentasracialequality.C．Itsoundedverymuchlikeadream.D．Itmadeanancientdreamcometrue.答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“In1961,whenPresidentKennedydeclaredthatAmericawouldsendamantothemoonbythedecade'send,thosewords,too,hadadreamlikequality.〞可知，1961年肯尼迪總統(tǒng)宣布美國(guó)將到20世紀(jì)60年代末把人類送到月球上，那樣的話語同樣也像是做夢(mèng)一般。應(yīng)選C。3．WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutAmerica'saimtoexplorespace?A．Itmaynotbringaboutimmediateeconomicgains.B．Itcannotberealizedwithouttechnologicalinnovation.C．Itwillnothelptherealizationofracialandeconomicequality.D．Itcannotbeachievedwithoutagoodknowledgeoftheotherworlds.答案：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后三句“Thefightforracialandeconomicequalityisintenselypragmatic(講求實(shí)用的)andimmediateinitsimpact.Theurgetoexplorespaceisjusttheopposite.Itisfigurativelyandliterallyotherworldlyinitsaims.〞可知，為種族和經(jīng)濟(jì)平等的斗爭(zhēng)非常講求實(shí)用，能夠產(chǎn)生立竿見影的效果，而探索太空不可能產(chǎn)生立竿見影的經(jīng)濟(jì)效果。應(yīng)選A。4．Whichofthefollowingistheclosesttotheunderlinedphrase“feedoff〞inthelastparagraph?A．support B．contradictC．weaken D．substitutefor答案：A詞義猜想題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Thespacedreamersendupbenefitingallofus—notjustbecauseofthewaytheyexpandhumanknowledge,orbecauseofthespin－offtechnologiestheyproduce,butbecausethetwotypesofdreamsfeedoffeachother.〞可知，太空夢(mèng)想家們的努力終將造福我們所有人，其原因不僅在于他們拓展人類知識(shí)的方式，或者他們研發(fā)出來的衍生技術(shù)，而是因?yàn)閮煞N類型的夢(mèng)想可以相互扶持。可知feedoff是“support〞的意思。應(yīng)選A。5．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardspaceprograms?A．Critical. B．Reserved.C．Unbiased. D．Supportive.答案：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Thespacedreamersendupbenefitingallofus〞可知，作者是支持夢(mèng)想家們的，也是支持美國(guó)的太空探索工程的。應(yīng)選D。eq\a\vs4\al(W重點(diǎn)單詞)1．provincen.領(lǐng)域；省份2．delivervt.發(fā)表；遞送；交付3．compromisevt.讓步；放棄n.折中，妥協(xié)4．civiliann.平民；老百姓5．creditn.榮譽(yù)；信用eq\a\vs4\al(P重點(diǎn)短語)1．cometoanend結(jié)束2.appealto呼吁；上訴；要求B[2022·成都畢業(yè)班診斷]NASA'sNewHorizonsprobe(宇宙探測(cè)器)flewbyPluto(冥王星)thismorning,sendingbackhistory'sfirstup－closelooksatthevastfreezing－coldworld.Closestapproachcameat7：49a．m.EDT.Tocelebrate,NASAgaveouteq\a\vs4\al(P1)thelatestphotoofPluto.Itshowedareddishworldwithanamazingheart－shapedfeatureonitssurface.Aftertoday'scloseencountereq\a\vs4\al(W1)，alltheninesolarsystem'straditionallyrecognizedplanetshavenowbeenvisitedbyaspaceship—ahugeprojectbegunin1962whenNASA'sMariner2probeflewpastVenus,aplanetinthesolarsystem.Morethan1,200scientists,NASAguestsandimportantpersons,including200reporters,watchedtheflybyliveatNewHorizons'missioneq\a\vs4\al(W2)controlcenter.Thatcloseencounterhasbeenalongtimecoming.The$723millionNewHorizonsmissionlaunchedeq\a\vs4\al(W3)inJanuary2022butbegantakingshapein1989.“NewHorizonsis‘a(chǎn)capstonemission’，〞GlenFountain,missionprojectmanagertoldS.“Itisthefirstcompletionoftheobservationseq\a\vs4\al(W4)ofoursolarsystem.Itisgivingusanewideaabouthowwehumanbeingsfitintotheuniverse.〞“NewHorizonsfacedacrazynumberofchallenges，〞Stern,adrivingforcebehindNewHorizonssaid,“Somanypeoplestuckwiththisforsolong.Theygotknockeddown;theystoodup.Theygotknockeddownagain;theystoodupagain.〞Inacoincidence,today'scloseapproachfallsonthe50thanniversaryeq\a\vs4\al(W5)ofthefirstflybyofMars,anotherplanet,whichwascompletedbyNASA－sMariner4spaceship.Therearenolongernineofficiallyrecognizedplanets,ofcourse.TheInternationalAstronomicalUnionregardedPlutoaseq\a\vs4\al(P2)“adwarfplanet〞in2022inadecisionthatremainscontroversial(有爭(zhēng)議的)today.篇章導(dǎo)讀：文章主要講述了對(duì)太陽系行星冥王星的探測(cè)以及對(duì)其地位的討論。6．WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．IdeasstillvaryintheidentityofPluto.B．Onlyscientistscouldwatchtheflybylive.C．Marsisthefirstplanetvisitedbyaspaceship.D．NewHorizonsmissionaimedtoobservethesolarsystem.答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“TheInternationalAstronomicalUnionregardedPlutoas‘a(chǎn)dwarfplanet’in2022inadecisionthatremainscontroversial(有爭(zhēng)議的)today.〞可知，對(duì)冥王星的認(rèn)識(shí)還是有爭(zhēng)議的。故答案是A。7．GlenFountainmayprobablyagreethat________.A．itisthemostdifficulttolandonPlutointhesolarsystemB．NewHorizonsmissionisalongandtroublesomeprojectC．theirstrongdeterminationleadstothesuccessfulflybyD．peoplearelikelytofindnewwaystofitintospace答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“It'sgivingusanewideaabouthowwehumanbeingsfitintotheuniverse.〞可知，格倫·方丹認(rèn)為人們或許會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)另外一種方法去探究太空。故答案是D。8．Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．ANewHorizonsProbeB．NASA'sHugeProjectC．Pluto,aControversialPlanetD．ACloseApproachtoPluto答案：D主旨大意題。文章主要講述了對(duì)太陽系行星冥王星的探測(cè)。故答案是D。eq\a\vs4\al(W重點(diǎn)單詞)1．encountern.相遇；遭遇vt.遭遇；遇到2．missionn.使命；任務(wù)3．launchvt.開始從事；發(fā)起；發(fā)射4．observationn.觀察；觀測(cè)5．a(chǎn)nniversaryn.周年紀(jì)念日eq\a\vs4\al(P重點(diǎn)短語)1．giveout分發(fā)；發(fā)出；公布2．regard...as...將……視為……Ⅱ.七選五(建議用時(shí)7′)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。[2022·衡水中學(xué)三調(diào)]Itisgenerallybelievedthatmoneycan'tbuyhappiness.However,thatmaynotbealwaystrue.Accordingtoarecentarticle,inthelastfewyears,anewresearchhasgivenusafardeeperunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenwhatweearnandhowwefeel.Broadlyspeaking,peoplewithhigherincomesarehappierthanthosewhostruggletogetby.Butitalsoshowsyouneedtospendwiselyifyouexpectthosebanknotestoputasmileonyourface.__1__1．Buyexperiences,notmaterialgoods.Inarecentlypublishedstudy,ProfessorRyanatSanFranciscoStateUniversityintheUS,foundthatwhenpeopledon'thavemuchmoneytospare,theytendtosticktomaterialgoods.__2__Buttheyactuallyprovidebothmorehappinessandmorelastingvalue.2.__3__Nomatterhowmuchmoneyyouspendonsomethingandhowspecialthatproductis,youwillgetusedtohavingitovertimeandloseinterestinit.Withthesamemoneyyouspendononebigobject,youcanbuymanylittlethings.Buyingsmallthingsmeansyoucangetfrequentsmallpleasures.3．Besuretobuytime.__4__Forexample,thatbighouseinthesuburbsmayseemlikeagoodidea,buta2022studybyresearchersfromUniversityofZurichinSwitzerlandfoundthatpeoplewithlongertimeonthewayreportedlowerlifesatisfaction,allotherthingsbeingequal.4．Trygivingitaway.ElizabethDunn,professorattheUniversityofBritishColumbiainCanada,foundthatinnationsasdiverseasCanada,SouthAfricaandUganda,givingawaymoneyconsistentlymadepeoplehappier.__5__A．Besuretobuywhatyoulike.B．Herearesomewaystobetterspendyourmoney.C．Buylotsoflittlethings,ratherthanonebigthing.D．Therearealotofreasonssomeonemightbuysomething.E．Peoplethinkexperiencesonlyprovidetemporaryhappiness.F．Thiswaseventruewhenpeoplegivingawaywererelativelypoor.G．Considerhowthethingsyoubuywillaffecthowyouspendyourtime.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是議論文。文章就如何更好地消費(fèi)給出幾條建議。1．B承上啟下的過渡句。主要引領(lǐng)下文四條建議。2．E結(jié)合上下文并緊扣小標(biāo)題中的關(guān)鍵詞buyexperiences可知，答案為E。3．C根據(jù)該段中關(guān)鍵語句“Withthesamemoneyyouspendononebigobject,youcanbuymanylittlethings.Buyingsmallthingsmeansyoucangetfrequentsmallpleasures.〞可知，C項(xiàng)符合語境。4．G該段關(guān)鍵詞為“buytime〞，G項(xiàng)為“Considerhowthethingsyoubuywillaffecthowyouspendyourtime.〞，緊扣小標(biāo)題，符合語境。5．F該段關(guān)鍵詞為“giveaway〞，即贈(zèng)送的樂趣。Ⅲ.語法填空(建議用時(shí)8′)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。[2022·河北名校聯(lián)考]Apolicecarpulledupinfrontofanolderwoman'shouse,andherhusbandclimbedout.Thepolitepoliceman__1__(explain)tohiswifethat“thiselderlygentleman〞saidthathewaslostintheparkandthatcouldn'tfindhiswayhome.“Howcouldithappen？〞sheasked__2__(surprise).“You'vebeengoingtothatparkforover30years!Howcouldyougetlost？〞Gettingclose__3__hisearsothatthepolicemancouldn'thear,hewhispered，“Iwasn'tlost—Iwasjusttootired__4__(walk)home.__5__Iwantedtodoishavesomeonesendmehome.〞Oldageislike__6__(climb)amountain.The__7__(high)youget,themoretiredandbreathlessyouwillbecome.Yourbodieswillbecomeless__8__(cooperate)thanbeforeasyouage.Butyoucanhaveabetterviewwhenyoureachthetopofthemountain__9__onecanhavealongerviewofthepastandcanthereforeunderstandthefuturewithmoreclarity.Itisyourattitudethatmatters.GeorgeBernardShawsaid,“Someareyoungeratseventythanmostatseventeen.〞Ithinkitisbecausetheyhaveabroaderoutlook.__10__willtakealifetimetoclimbthemountain,but,forme,theviewwillbeworththejourney.1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文為議論文。變老并不可怕，只要我們的心態(tài)年輕，即便身體老了，也能像年輕人那樣生活，享受生活。1．explained考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句中缺少謂語，且故事發(fā)生在過去，故用explained。2．surprisedly考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。用副詞來修飾主語她當(dāng)時(shí)說話的神態(tài)。3．to考查介詞。getcloseto為固定短語，意為“接近，靠近〞。4．towalk考查固定句式?！皌oo＋adj./adv.＋todosth.〞結(jié)構(gòu)意為“太……而不能干某事〞。5．What/All考查主語從句和定語從句。用What那么為主語從句；用All那么All后為定語從句。6．climbing考查固定搭配。like為介詞，belikedoingsth.“像做某事〞。7．higher考查固定句式?！皌he＋比擬級(jí)．..，the＋比擬級(jí)．..〞，意為“越……，就越……〞。8．cooperative考查形容