劍橋雅思8閱讀理解解析含翻譯

劍橋雅思8-第三試閱部-閱真題原文部:READINGPASSAGEYoushouldabout20minutesonQuestionswhichonReadingPassage1below.StrikingBackLightningWithLasersSeldomistheweathermoredramaticthanwhenthunderstormsstrike.Theirelectricalfuryinflictsdeathorseriousinjuryonaround500peopleeachyeartheUnitedStatesalone.thecloudsrollin,leisurelyroundofgolfcanbecomeaterrifyingdicewithoutintheopen,alonegolfermaybealightningbolt'smostinvitingtarget.therepropertytoo.Lightningdamagecostspowercompaniesmorethanmillionayear.ButresearchersintheUnitedStatesandJapanareplanningtohitback.Alreadyinlaboratorytheytestedstrategiesneutralisingpowerofthunderstorms,andthiswintertheybraverealstorms,equippedarmouryoflasersthattheybepointingtowardsthetodischargethundercloudsbeforelightningcanstrike.TheideaofforcingstormcloudstodischargetheirlightningonnotIntheearly1960s,researcherstriedrocketstrailingwiresthundercloudssetaneasydischargepathforelectricchargesthatthesecloudsgenerate.techniquesurvivestothisdayattestinFloridaruntheUniversityFlorida,withsupporttheElectricalResearchInstitute(EPRI),basedinCalifornia.EPRI,whichisfundedbycompanies,lookingprotectUnitedStates'powergridfromlightningstrikes.'Wecancausethelightningtostrikewherewewanttousingrockets,'saysRalphBernstein,manageroflightningprojectsatEPRI.rocketisprovidingpreciseoflightningvoltagesandallowingengineerstocheckelectricalequipmentbearsup.BadbehaviourButwhilerocketsarefineforresearch,theycannotprovidetheprotectionlightningstrikesislookingfor.rocketscostaround$1,200each,canonlyfiredatalimitedfrequencyandtheirfailurerateabout40percent.Andevenwhentheydotriggerlightning,thingsstilldonotalwaysgoaccordingtoplan.'Lightningnotperfectlywellbehaved,'1saysBernstein.'Occasionally,itwilltakeaandgosomeplaceitwasn'tsupposedgo.'Andwhowouldwanttofirestreamsofrocketsapopulatedarea?upmustcomedown,'pointsoutDielstheUniversityNewMexico.Dielsisleadingaproject,whichbyEPRI,trytouselasersdischargelightningsafely-safetyabasicrequirementsincenotothemselvesortheirexpensiveequipmentrisk.Witharound$500,investedsoapromisingjustemergingfromthelaboratory.Theideabegansome20yearsago,whenlaserswererevealingtheirabilitytoextractelectronsofatomsandcreateions.Ifalasercouldgeneratelineofionisationintheairthewayuptoacloud,thisconductingpathcouldbeusedtoguidelightningtoEarth,beforeelectricfieldbecomesstrongbreaktheairinanuncontrollablesurge.Tostopthelaseritselfbeingstruck,wouldnotbepointedstraightattheclouds.Insteadwouldbedirectedatamirror,andfromthereintothesky.Themirrorwouldbeprotectedbyplacinglightningconductorscloseby.Ideally,thecloud(gun)wouldbeenoughtobeinstalledaroundkeypowerinstallations,portableenoughbetakentointernationalsportingeventstobeamupatbrewingclouds.AstumblingblockHowever,thereisstillabigstumblingblock.Theisnoniftyportable:it'samonsterthattakesupawholeroom.Dielsistryingcutdownsizeandsaysthatlaseraroundthesizeofasmalltableistheplanstotestthismoremanageablesystemonthundercloudsnextsummer.BernsteinsaysthatDiels'ssystemattractinglotsofinterestfrompowercompanies.Buttheyhavecomeupthe$5millionthatEPRIsaysbeneededdevelopacommercialsystem,thelasersyetsmallercheaper.'IcannotsayIhavemoneybutI'mworkingon'saysBernstein.Hereckonsthattheforthcomingfieldtestswillbetheturningpointandhe'shopingfornews.Bernsteinpredicts'anavalancheofinterestandsupport'ifallgoeswell.Heexpectsseeeventuallycosting100,each.Otherscientistscouldalsobenefit.Withlightning'switch'attheirfingertips,materialsscientistscouldfindhappenswhencurrentsmeetmatter.Dielshopesseebirthof'interactivemeteorology'-notjustforecastingtheweatherbutcontrollingit.'Ifcoulddischargeclouds,affectweather,'hesays.2Andperhaps,saysDiels,we'llbeabletoconfrontothermeteorologicalmenaces.'Wethinkcouldpreventhailbyinducinglightning,says.Thunder,theshockwavethatcomesfromlightningthoughttobetriggerthetorrentialrainthatistypicalofstorms.laserfactorycouldthemoistureoutofclouds,perhapspreventingformationofthegianthailstonesthatthreatencrops.Withluck,asthestormcloudsgatherthiswinter,laser-totingresearcherscould,forthefirsttime,strikeback.QuestionsChoosethecorrectletter,A,B,CD.Writethecorrectletterboxesyouranswersheet.1topicdiscussedintextisthetoUSgolfcoursesgolfplayersbylightningstrikes.theeffectoflightningonpowersuppliesintheUSinJapan.avarietyofmethodsintryingtocontrollightningalasertechniqueintryingtocontrollightning2Accordingtothetext,everyyearlightningdoesconsiderabletobuildingsduringthunderstorms.orinjuresmainlygolferstheUnitedStates.orinjuresaround500peoplethroughouttheworld.damagesmorethan100powercompanies.3ResearchersatUniversityofFloridaandatUniversityofNewMexicoreceivefundsfromthesamesource.areusingtechniques.arecompanies.areoppositionother.QuestionsCompletethesentencesbelow.ChooseMORETHANTWOfromthepassageforanswer.Writeyouranswersinonanswersheet.4EPRIreceivesfinancialsupport….3TheadvantageofthetechniquebeingdevelopedbyDielsisthatcanbeused…………….Themaindifficultyassociatedwithusingthelaserequipmentrelatedtoits………….Questions7-10Completetheusinglistofwords,below.Writethecorrectletter,inboxesonanswersheet.Inthismethod,laserusedtocreatealineofionisationbyremovingelectronsfrom7……….Thislaseristhendirectedat………inordertocontrolelectricalcharges,amethodwhichlessdangerousthanusing9…………….Asaprotectionforthelasers,thebeamsareaimedfirstlyat……….ABatomsCstormcloudsDmirrorstechniqueFionsGrocketsHconductorsIthunderQuestionsDothefollowingstatementsagreewithinformationgiveninReadingPassage1?InyouranswersheetwriteYESthestatementagreestheclaimsofthewriterNOthestatementcontradictstheclaimsofthewriterGIVENitisimpossiblesaythewriterthinksaboutthiscompanieshavegivenDielsenoughtodevelophisObtainingmoneytoimprovelaserswilldependontestsinrealstorms.WeatherforecastersintenselyinterestedDiels'ssystem.READINGPASSAGE篇章結(jié)構(gòu)體裁主題

說(shuō)明文用激光回?fù)糸W電4結(jié)構(gòu)

第1段：閃電帶來(lái)的危害第2段：科研人員正在研究回?fù)糸W電的方法第3段：先前的閃電回?fù)粜g(shù)介紹第4段：火箭回?fù)粜g(shù)的缺陷第5段：更安全的激光回?fù)粜g(shù)第6段：激光回?fù)粜g(shù)的技術(shù)原理第7段：激光回?fù)粜g(shù)的缺陷第8段：通過(guò)實(shí)地實(shí)驗(yàn)改進(jìn)激光回?fù)粜g(shù)第9段：激光回?fù)粜g(shù)對(duì)其他學(xué)科也有益處第10段：激光回?fù)粜g(shù)的其他用途解題地圖難度系數(shù)：★★★解題順序：按題目順序解答即可友情提示：烤鴨們注意：本文中的UMMARY題順序有改變，解題要小心CHOICE的第三是個(gè)亮點(diǎn)，愛(ài)浮想聯(lián)翩的烤鴨們可能會(huì)糊掉。必背詞匯inflict造成Thestrikesinflictedseriousdamageontheeconomy.罷給經(jīng)濟(jì)造成了重大損失。invitingadj.吸人的Theloglookedandinviting.篝看上去溫暖而誘人。propertyn.財(cái)；屬性Thehotelisnotresponsibleforlossordamageto’property.酒店不承擔(dān)賓客的任何個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)的丟失或損壞。awithhealingproperties具治療效果的草藥physical/chemicalproperties物特化特性fund資，投資Theprojectjointlyfundedbyseveralcompanies.這個(gè)項(xiàng)得到了當(dāng)?shù)貛准夜镜穆?lián)合資助。government-fundedresearch府資助的研究支，幫助Thehasbackedbyseveralmajorcompaniestheregion.5這個(gè)項(xiàng)目得到了該地區(qū)幾家大公司的支持。SomesuspectedthatrebellionwasbackedandfinancedbyUS.有人懷疑這次叛亂是由美國(guó)主使并資助的。discharge放；排出Bothformsarereadilygasifiedbyelectricaldischargewithoutleavingtangibleresidue.兩種形態(tài)都易被放電氣化而不剩任何可觸察的殘余。出，浮現(xiàn)Theemergedfrombehindtheclouds.太陽(yáng)從云朵中探出頭來(lái)。Eventuallythetruthemerged.真相最終浮出水面。revealv.展，顯示；揭示，泄露Hemaybeprosecutedforrevealingsecretsaboutthesecurityagency.他可能會(huì)因?yàn)樾孤秶?guó)安局機(jī)密而遭檢控。Herevealedthatbeeninprisontwicebefore.他透露說(shuō)他曾經(jīng)坐過(guò)次牢。generatev.使生Theprogramgeneratelotofjobs.這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃會(huì)創(chuàng)造很多新職位。Tourismgeneratesforcommunities.旅游業(yè)給當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)帶來(lái)了收入。10.surgen.涌：猛增asurgeofexcitement一興奮asurgeofrefugeesintocountry涌入該國(guó)的難民潮asurgefoodcosts食品價(jià)格猛漲11.install安They'veinstallednewcomputernetworklast.他最終安裝了新的計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。Securityhavebeeninstalledthecitycentre.市中心安裝了安全攝像頭。12.niftyadj.靈的aniftygadgetforsqueezingoranges一榨子汁用的靈便小工具13.intheoffing將發(fā)生的Bigwereinoffing.劇變即將發(fā)生。認(rèn)知詞匯dramaticadj.激人心的furyn.狂，狂暴文中指雷暴電流6leisurelyadv.輕地dicewithdeath拿性命玩笑neutralize中和brave勇敢地面對(duì)armoury軍庫(kù)on按令powergrid

電力網(wǎng)precise精的voltages電壓frequency頻failurerate

失敗率trigger激，觸發(fā)branchn.岔populated人口密集的extractv.提atomn.原ionn.離ionizationn.離子化electricfield

電場(chǎng)conductor導(dǎo)sportingevent體育項(xiàng)目stumblingblock絆腳石monstern.龐大manageable易管理的yetadv.尚未；還沒(méi)有upwith準(zhǔn)好；提供reckon料，預(yù)計(jì)forthcoming即將來(lái)臨的fieldtest

實(shí)地測(cè)試turningpoint轉(zhuǎn)點(diǎn)7anavalancheof似片的currentn.電流mattern.物interactive互氣象學(xué)confront面臨，對(duì)抗menace威hailn.冰雹torrentialrain

暴雨moisturen.水汽gianthailstone

大冰雹佳句賞析Ifalasercouldgeneratelineofionisationinairthewayuptoacould,thisconductingpathcouldbeusedtoguidelightningtoEarth,beforetheelectricfieldbecomesstrongenoughtobreakdownairinanuncontrollablesurge.參考譯文：如果激光器能夠生成一條直達(dá)暴雨云的離子線，就可以在閃電電場(chǎng)增強(qiáng)為一股無(wú)法控制的涌流并擊破空氣之前，用這條傳導(dǎo)通道把電荷引導(dǎo)到地面上來(lái)。語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：狀語(yǔ)從句——條件狀語(yǔ)句條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞主要有as/solong，conditionthat。此處為引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。例句：imaginehowhorriblewouldbeifareonlycreatureintheworld.想一想，如果人類是這世界上唯一的生物，這世界會(huì)變得多可怕。Someanimalspeciesthreatifstayintheirnaturalhabitat.如果留在自然棲息地，某些動(dòng)物物種會(huì)面臨威脅。引的條件句有實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句兩種。非真實(shí)條件句可以表示：同現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)：從(一過(guò)去)+主句should/would+動(dòng)詞原)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)：從(過(guò)完成)+主句should/would過(guò)分)對(duì)將來(lái)的假設(shè)(一過(guò)去+主句動(dòng)詞原形(were+不式/should+動(dòng)詞原形+主(動(dòng)原)例句：drugbe，policetimewouldbespentindealing8withothermoreseriousproblems.如果吸食毒品合法化，警察大量的時(shí)間就將用于解決其他更嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。Afactorycouldthemoistureoutclouds,preventingformationofgianthailstonesthatthreatencrops.參考譯文：一個(gè)激光雷工廠可以把水汽從云層中震出，這樣也許可以阻止威脅莊稼的大冰雹的形成。語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)例句：Facinghigh，maysuffergreatpressure.面對(duì)高度競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，人們可能會(huì)承受巨大的壓力。Beingconfrontedwitheconomic，havetogooutsidetowork.面臨經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力，婦女不得不外出工作。Notwearingproperclothespeoplebeconsideredthosewhodonotsocialandinterpersonalskills.如果衣著不當(dāng)，人們會(huì)被當(dāng)成是不懂社交和人際關(guān)系技巧的人。試題解析Questions題目類型：CHOICES題目解析：解題小竅門(mén)：讀清題干巧定位，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)要讀完，絕對(duì)only排除掉，正確選項(xiàng)在中間。題號(hào)1

定位詞題解析maintopic

題目：本文討論的主題是A閃電攻擊對(duì)國(guó)高爾夫場(chǎng)地和高爾夫選手造成的損失。B閃對(duì)美國(guó)和日本電力供應(yīng)的影響。9試圖用來(lái)控制閃電襲擊的各種方式。一種試圖用來(lái)控制閃電襲擊的激光技術(shù)。正確翻譯后項(xiàng)A和比容易排除選項(xiàng)比具有迷惑性是只要看看文章標(biāo)題，就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)本文主題是laser，以正確答案是。2lightning

題目：根據(jù)文章，每年閃電會(huì)在暴風(fēng)雨期間對(duì)建筑物造成相當(dāng)大的破壞。在美國(guó)主要導(dǎo)致高爾夫球手死亡或受傷。在全世界范圍內(nèi)導(dǎo)致500人死亡或受傷。破壞了100多家美國(guó)電力公司。選項(xiàng)C和D中的具體數(shù)字是很好的定位詞定至文章第一段文中提到只是在美國(guó)，閃電每年就能殺傷500人而不是世界范圍內(nèi)，因此排除選項(xiàng)。100這數(shù)字在文中是100millionayear，說(shuō)的是每年閃會(huì)讓電力公司損失超過(guò)一億美元，而不是說(shuō)毀掉多家電力公司，因此排除選項(xiàng)D。文中提到了云層翻滾而來(lái)時(shí)在外打高爾夫是非常危險(xiǎn)的，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)每年因雷擊而死傷的是高爾夫球手此排除選項(xiàng)B中到istopropertytoo.buildings屬于property范疇，因此正確答案為A。3Universityof，Universityof

題目里達(dá)大學(xué)和新墨西哥學(xué)的研究員們有同樣的資金來(lái)源。使用同樣的技術(shù)受雇于商業(yè)公司?；ハ喾磳?duì)。此題是不可過(guò)多聯(lián)想的典型白的想法越能解題來(lái)講金的選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該去掉，但是此題劍走偏鋒，偏偏選了帶一的項(xiàng)。文中有兩處支持這個(gè)答案：第一處在第三段withsupportfromElectricalPowerResearchInstitute…一處在第五段：…whichisbackedby兩處暗示兩項(xiàng)研究都得到了的資助，因此答案為A。選項(xiàng)可從文中說(shuō)的一個(gè)主張用火箭，一個(gè)主張用激光來(lái)排除；選項(xiàng)在中并沒(méi)有提10及；選項(xiàng)則過(guò)推理的結(jié)果，盡管使用技術(shù)不同，但是并不代表兩者互相反對(duì)。Questions—題目類型：題目解析：題號(hào)

定位詞文對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)題目解析4

EPRI，support第三段：EPRIwhichbypowercompanies

用定到文章三段EPRI第次出現(xiàn)后即指出其是由電力公司資助的，原文中的funded等同于題干中的receivesfinancialsupportfrom，此答案應(yīng)該填companies。注意不要寫(xiě)成單。5第段：…trylasersdischargelightning…用名Diels在中定位到第五段，從題目出這里應(yīng)填入一個(gè)副詞以可以在人名周圍尋找use或use的換詞且在其圍找?guī)y形的詞，這樣正確答案safely快就能浮出水面了。6，第段：Thelaserisnoniftyportable：’monsterthattakesaroom.Dielsistryingtocutdownthe…

這道題目的定位稍微有一些困難，需要將

difficulty一與文章中的stumblingblock聯(lián)起來(lái)，進(jìn)而找到第七段中的laser一詞。文中提到，該激光設(shè)備并不方便攜帶，它是個(gè)體積占據(jù)了一整間房間的龐然大物?？吹竭@里，通過(guò)理解，考生們可以想到激光設(shè)備最大的問(wèn)題就是體積太大，不好攜帶，所以正確答案是。Questions7-10題目類型：COMPLETION解題小竅門(mén)：題目解析：解題小竅門(mén)：11理解詞庫(kù)里的單詞，并將其按詞性歸類。帶動(dòng)整道題的定位詞是第一行的ionisation，較容易定位到文章第六段，那么整個(gè)summary的案就應(yīng)該在這個(gè)詞周圍尋找。題號(hào)7

定位詞文對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)題目解析electrons

第六段：…extractelectronsoutof…本關(guān)鍵是要理解題目中的……與文中的……屬于同義替換，這里要表達(dá)的是從原(atoms)中取電(electrons)。正確答案是B。8directedat

第六段：lasercouldgeneratealineionizationtheairallwaytoastorm…

注意文中g(shù)enerate“產(chǎn)生的意思at對(duì)文中的allthewayup后的stormcloud即對(duì)應(yīng)空格處要填的內(nèi)容。因此正確答案是。9lessdangerous

第五段：…wouldwanttofirestreamsofrocketsinapopulated…totrytouselaserstodischargelightning…這題比較麻煩于是按照順序?qū)ふ掖鸢傅目忌话笗?huì)比較困難這里需要聯(lián)系第五中的信息照詞庫(kù)里的單詞推測(cè)出空格所在句的意思是“用激光控制閃電是比用火箭更安less的式確案是G。10，firstly第段：Tostoptheitselfbeingstruck…Insteaddirectedatamirror…protection對(duì)文中的…struck；是解題關(guān)鍵詞，即使不知道文中的directed和目中的aimed是同義詞也以從詞組的形式上看出來(lái)兩者是同位的后的名詞即為答案。由此可知答案是。Questions?題目類型：YES/NO/NOTGIVEN12?題目解析：11.companiesgivenDielstodevelophis參考譯文

電力公司已經(jīng)向提供了足夠的資金來(lái)研發(fā)他的激光器。定位詞Diels，解題關(guān)鍵詞have…money文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)由位詞及順序規(guī)律可以定位到第八段cannotsayIhaveyet,butIamworkingonit.”我還不能說(shuō)我已經(jīng)拿到錢(qián)了，但是我正在為之努力到句話，再聯(lián)系上句Bernsteinsaysthat’systemisattractinglotsofinterestfrompowercompanies.theyhavecomeupthemillionthatEPRIsayswillbeneededtodevelopa…(Bernstein示，Diels的光系統(tǒng)正在引起各電力公司的廣泛興趣。但他們還沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好EPRI提的萬(wàn)美元——開(kāi)發(fā)一個(gè)……的商用系統(tǒng)的所需資金句足以證明Diels的統(tǒng)還沒(méi)有得到足夠的資金支持。答案

NO12.Obtainingimprovelaserswilldependontestsinrealstorms.參考譯文

獲得改善激光器所需的資金依賴于在真正的暴風(fēng)雨中進(jìn)行的試驗(yàn)。定位詞obtainingmoney.testsrealstorms解題關(guān)鍵詞testsrealstorms文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)第段：第11題應(yīng)的原文下一句提到Hereckonsthatforthcomingfieldtestsbetheturningpoint…中turningpoint是轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)”的意思，聯(lián)系上題中說(shuō)到的，目前該項(xiàng)目還沒(méi)有拿到錢(qián)，可知這句話的意思是fieldtests就得到資金的轉(zhuǎn)折。tests=testsinrealstorms答案

YES13.WeatherforecastersareintenselyinterestedinDiels'ssystem.參考譯文天氣預(yù)報(bào)員們對(duì)的系統(tǒng)設(shè)備特別感興趣。定位詞Diels，forecasters解題關(guān)鍵詞intenselyinterested13文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)這一道典型的完全未提及的題目，interest一出現(xiàn)在第八段的末尾，而weatherforecasters這個(gè)詞也在第九段最后兩句中出現(xiàn)：…weatherbutcontrolling…而具體內(nèi)容則完全不相干。

notjustforecastingthe答案

GIVEN參考譯文用激光回?fù)糸W電很少有比雷暴天氣更令人感到恐怖的天氣了在國(guó)烈的雷暴電流每年都會(huì)造成大約500人亡或重傷層翻滾而來(lái)的時(shí)候戶外打一場(chǎng)輕松的高爾夫成了一件異常怕的事情異于是在拿自己的命開(kāi)玩笑——孤身一人在戶外的高爾夫球手可能是閃電最喜歡攻擊的目標(biāo)此外閃也帶來(lái)財(cái)產(chǎn)損失每年閃電會(huì)對(duì)美國(guó)電力公司造成超過(guò)一億美元的損失。不過(guò)美國(guó)和日本的研究人員正策劃回?fù)糸W電的方案?jìng)円验_(kāi)始通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試中和雷暴電荷的各種方法。今年冬天，他們將直面雷暴：使用配備的激光器射向空中的雨云，使其在閃電出現(xiàn)之前放電。迫使雨云根據(jù)指令釋放閃電并非一個(gè)新想法世紀(jì)60年早期研究者們嘗試過(guò)把帶著拖曳線的火箭射入雨云為些云層發(fā)出的龐大的電荷群搭建起便捷的放電路徑。由于受到建在加利福尼亞的電力研究(的持，這一技術(shù)在佛羅里達(dá)的州立大學(xué)試驗(yàn)基地幸存到了今天由力公司資助正力于研究保護(hù)美國(guó)輸電網(wǎng)不受閃電襲擊的方法們可以通過(guò)火箭讓閃電擊向我們想讓它去的地方的閃電項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理Ralph如說(shuō)道。該火箭基地現(xiàn)在能對(duì)閃電電壓進(jìn)行精確測(cè)量，并可以讓工程師們檢測(cè)電氣設(shè)備的負(fù)載。不良行為雖然火箭在研究中功不可沒(méi)它們無(wú)法提供閃電來(lái)襲時(shí)所有人都希求的保護(hù)支箭造價(jià)大約1,200美頻有限敗卻高達(dá)40％它確實(shí)能夠引發(fā)閃電，事情也無(wú)法總是按計(jì)劃順利進(jìn)行不那么聽(tīng)話說(shuō)爾走岔路，射到它們本不該去的地方但不管怎樣會(huì)在人口密集的地區(qū)發(fā)射成群的火箭上的肯定會(huì)掉下來(lái)新墨西哥大學(xué)的Jean-ClaudeDiels指?，F(xiàn)在正在負(fù)責(zé)一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，該項(xiàng)目由所支14持圖過(guò)發(fā)射激光使閃電安放電——安全是一項(xiàng)基本要求為人愿意把他們自己的性命或他們的昂貴設(shè)備置于危險(xiǎn)之中。有了迄今為止的萬(wàn)美元的投入，一套有巨大潛力的系統(tǒng)裝置正在該實(shí)驗(yàn)室慢慢成形。這一系統(tǒng)裝置的想法始于大約年前，當(dāng)時(shí)正在開(kāi)發(fā)大功率激光器從原子中提取荷并生成離子的能力果激光器能夠生成一條直達(dá)暴雨云的離子線可在閃電電場(chǎng)增強(qiáng)為一股無(wú)法控制的涌流并擊破空氣之前這條傳導(dǎo)通道把電荷引導(dǎo)到地面上來(lái)了止激光器本身受到電擊不能把它接對(duì)準(zhǔn)云層而是要把它對(duì)準(zhǔn)一面鏡子讓激光通過(guò)鏡子折射向天空要在靠近鏡子的四布置閃電傳導(dǎo)器從而對(duì)其進(jìn)行保護(hù)想的做法是云層遙控器槍要較廉價(jià)便能夠把它們安裝在所有重點(diǎn)電力設(shè)備周圍外還要方便帶，以便在國(guó)際運(yùn)動(dòng)賽事場(chǎng)地中用于使逐漸聚積的雨云失去威力。絆腳石可是在大的絆腳石并不方便攜帶個(gè)能占據(jù)整個(gè)房間的龐然大物。Diels一直想要縮小它的體積，并表示很快會(huì)有小型桌子大小的激光器了。他計(jì)劃在明年夏天用真正的雨云來(lái)實(shí)際測(cè)試這個(gè)更容易操作的激光系統(tǒng)。Bemstein表，的激光系統(tǒng)正在引起各電力公司的廣泛興趣但他們還沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好EPRI提的萬(wàn)元——開(kāi)發(fā)個(gè)讓激光器更小巧、價(jià)格也更便宜的商用系統(tǒng)的所需資金。說(shuō)還能說(shuō)我已經(jīng)拿到錢(qián)了，但是我正在為之努力認(rèn)，即將進(jìn)行的實(shí)地測(cè)試會(huì)成為一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)且他也在期待著好消息預(yù)言如一切順利，這將吸引“排山倒海般的興趣和支持希望看到云層遙控器的最終價(jià)格能定在每臺(tái)5萬(wàn)10萬(wàn)元之間。其他科學(xué)家也能從中受益。如果手上有了控制閃電的“開(kāi)關(guān)料科學(xué)家就可以了解強(qiáng)大的電流遇到物質(zhì)時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生什么現(xiàn)象Diels也望看到“互動(dòng)氣象學(xué)”問(wèn)世——不僅僅是預(yù)測(cè)天氣，而且能控制天氣我們能使云層放電，我們也許就能左右天氣說(shuō)。而且也許Diels說(shuō)我們將能夠?qū)挂恍┧臍庀笸{認(rèn)為我們也許能通過(guò)引導(dǎo)閃電來(lái)阻止冰雹說(shuō)雷，來(lái)自于閃電的沖擊波，被認(rèn)為是大暴雨——典型的雷暴天氣——的觸發(fā)器一個(gè)激光雷廠可以把水汽從云層中震出樣也許可以阻止威脅莊稼的大冰雹的形成如果運(yùn)氣好的在今年冬天雨云聚積的時(shí)候持有激光器的研究者們就能第一次對(duì)其進(jìn)行回?fù)袅?。劍橋雅?-第三試閱部-閱真題原文部:READINGPASSAGE15YoushouldspendaboutminutesonQuestions14-26,whicharebasedReadingPassage2below.TheofGeniusTherehasalwaysbeenaninterestingeniusesandprodigies.Theword'genius',fromtheLatingens(=family)andtheterm'genius',meaning'begetter',comesfromearlyRomancultofadivinityasoffamily.itsearliestform,geniuswasconcernedtheabilityofheadoffamily,paterfamilias,perpetuatehimself.Gradually,geniuscametorepresentaperson'scharacteristicsthenceanindividual'shighestattributesderivedhis'genius'orguidingspirit.Today,peoplestilllookstarsorgenes,astrologygenetics,inthehopeoffindingsourceofexceptionalabilitiesorpersonalcharacteristics.Theconceptofgeniusofgiftshasbecomepartourfolkculture,andattitudesareambivalenttowardsthem.WeenvygiftedandmistrustInofgiftedness,ispopularlybelievedthatifpeoplearetalentedonearea,theymustbedefectiveinanother,thatintellectualsareimpractical,thatprodigiesburntoobrightlytoosoonandburnout,thatgiftedpeopleareeccentric,thattheyarephysicalweaklings,thatthere'sathinlinebetweengeniusandmadness,thatgeniusrunsinfamilies,thatthegiftedsoclevertheydon'tneedspecialhelp,thatgiftednesssameashavingahighIQ,thatracesmoreintelligentormusicalormathematicalthanothers,thatgeniusgoesunrecognisedandunrewarded,thatadversitymenwiseorthatpeoplewithgiftshavearesponsibilityusethem.Languagehasenrichedwithas'highbrow','egghead','blue-stocking','wiseacre','know-all','boffin'and,formany,'intellectual'isatermofdenigration.Thenineteenthcenturysawconsiderableinterestthenaturegenius,andnotastudiesoffamousprodigies.Perhapsfortoday,twoofthesignificantaspectsofmostthesestudiesgeniusfrequencywithearlyencouragementteachingbyparentstutorshadbeneficialeffectsontheintellectual,artisticormusicaldevelopmentofthechildrenbutcausedgreatdifficultiesofadjustmentlatertheirlives,thefrequencywithwhichabilitieswentunrecognisedbyteachersandschools.However,thedifficultywiththeevidenceproducedbythesestudies,fascinatingtheyincollectingtogetheranecdotesandapparentsimilaritiesandexceptions,thattheyarenotwhatwouldtodaycallnorm-referenced.otherwords,forinstance,informationiscollatedaboutearlyillnesses,16methodsupbringing,schooling,etc.,wealsotakeintoaccountinformationfromotherhistoricalsourceshoworexceptionalthesewereattime.instance,infantmortalitywashighlifeexpectancyshorterthantoday,hometutoringwascommoninthefamiliesofthenobilitywealthy,bullyingandcorporalpunishmentcommonatthebestindependentschoolsand,forthemostpart,thecasesstudiedwereoftheprivilegedclasses.wasonlywiththeofpaediatricsandpsychologyinthetwentiethcenturythatstudiescouldcarriedonobjective,ifstillnotalwaysveryscientific,basis.Geniuses,howevertheydefined,arethepeakswhichstandoutthroughthemistofhistoryarevisibletheparticularobserverhisorparticularvantagepoint.Changetheobserversandvantagepoints,clearawaysomeofthemist,anddifferentlotofpeaksappear.Geniustermapplytothosewhomrecognisefortheiroutstandingachievementsandwhostandneartheendthecontinuumofabilitieswhichreachesbackthroughtotheincapable.ThereisstillmuchtruthinDrJohnson'sobservation,'Thetruegeniusmindoflargegeneralpowers,accidentallydeterminedparticulardirection'.Wemaydisagreethe'general',wedoubtifmusiciansofgeniuscouldscientistsofgeniusorviceversa,thereisdoubtingtheaccidentaldeterminationwhichnurturedortriggeredtheirgiftsintothosechannelsintowhichtheyhavepouredtheirpowerssosuccessfully.Alongthecontinuumofabilitiesarehundredsofthousandsgiftedmenandwomen,andgirls.Whatweappreciate,enjoyormarvelatintheworksofgeniusortheachievementsofprodigiesaremanifestationsofskillsorabilitieswhicharesimilarbutmuchsuperiorourown.Butthattheirmindsarenotdifferentfromourisdemonstratedbythefactthatthehard-wondiscoveriesofscientistslikeKeplerorEinsteinknowledgeofschoolchildrenandtheonceoutrageousshapesandcoloursofanartistlikePaulKleesosoonappearonthefabricswear.Thisdoesnotminimisethesupremacyoftheirachievements,whichoutstripourownasthemilersoutstripourjogging.Tothinkofgeniusesandthegiftedashavinguniquelydifferentbrainsisonlyreasonableifacceptbrainisuniquelydifferent.purposeofinstructionismakeusevendifferentfromoneanother,andintheprocessofbeingeducatedlearn17thethosemoregiftedthanourselves.Butbeforewetrytoemulategeniusesorencourageourchildrentodoweshouldnotethatsomeofthethingswelearnfromthemmayproveunpalatable.Weenvyandfame,butshouldalsorecognisepricemayhavepaidintermsofperseverance,dedication,restrictionsontheirpersonallives,thedemandsupontheirenergiesandtime,andhowoftentheyhadtodisplaycouragepreservetheirintegrityortotheirwaytothetop.Geniusandgiftednessrelativedescriptivetermsofnorealsubstance.Wemay,atbest,givethemsomeprecisionbydefiningthemandplacingtheminacontextbut,whateverdo,shouldneverdeludeourselvesintobelievingthatgiftedchildrenorgeniusesaredifferentfromrestofhumanity,thetheytheoftheirabilities.QuestionsChooseFIVEletters,Writethecorrectlettersboxes-18onyouranswersheet.Youranswersmaybeinanyorder.Belowarelistedsomepopularbeliefsaboutgeniusgiftedness.WhichFIVEofthesebeliefsarereportedbywriterofthetext?rulygiftedpeoplearetalentedallareas.hetalentsofgeniusesaresoonexhausted.iftedpeopleshouldusetheirgeniusappearsonceineverygeneration.eniuscanbeeasilydestroyedbydiscouragement.eniusisinherited.iftedpeopleareveryhardtolivewith.eopleneverappreciatetruegenius.eniusesarenaturalleaders.iftedpeopledeveloptheirgreatnessthroughdifficulties.eniuswillalwaysrevealuestions19-26eading18DothefollowingstatementsagreewithinformationgiveninReadingPassage2?Inyouranswersheet,TRUEFALSENOGIVENTRUEifthestatementagreeswithinformationFALSEifstatementcontradictstheinformationGIVENifthereisinformationonthisstudiesofthenatureofgeniusfailedtotakeintoaccounttheuniquenesstheperson'supbringing.studiesofgeniuslackedbothobjectivityandaproperscientificapproach.Atruegeniushasgeneralcapableofexcellenceinanyarea.TheskillsofordinaryindividualsinessencesameastheskillsofprodigiesTheeasewithwhichtrulygreatideasacceptedandtakenforgrantedfailslessentheirsignificance.Giftednessgeniusdeserveproperscientificresearchintotheirtruenaturesothatalltalentmayberetainedforhumanrace.GeniusesoftenpayahighpricetoachievegreatnessTogeniusisworththehighpersonalcost.READINGPASSAGE篇章結(jié)構(gòu)體裁主題結(jié)構(gòu)

議論文天才的本質(zhì)第1段天才一詞的來(lái)源及其含義第2段：人們對(duì)于天才的種種誤解第3段：十九世紀(jì)對(duì)天才的研究及其缺陷第4段：天才何以為天?19第5段：天才是非凡的凡人第6段：要看到天才所付出的代價(jià)第7段：總結(jié)到底應(yīng)該如何看待天才解題地圖難度系數(shù)：★★★★☆解題順序：CHOICE→TRUE/FALSE/NOT友情提示：看到這么多的TRUE/FALSE/NOTGIVEN，生里一定樂(lè)開(kāi)花了吧。本題是全TRUE法佳試驗(yàn)場(chǎng)地，別客氣，盡管用吧，結(jié)果會(huì)給你驚!!必背詞匯perpetuate使永久存在，使不朽ishopethatmenofYalewill，theirownlivesperpetuatetheirandcourage.我們?cè)杆幸斎艘簧寄苡肋h(yuǎn)保持他們這種豪邁精神與勇氣。Hishonestyandgenerosityperpetuatedourmemory.他的真誠(chéng)和大度長(zhǎng)存于我們的記憶中。attributen.品：屬性Whatattributesshouldgoodmanager一優(yōu)秀的經(jīng)理人應(yīng)該具備何種品?Couragegoodattributeofasoldier.勇氣是一名好士兵應(yīng)該具備的品質(zhì)。ambivalent自矛盾的；含糊的n.ambivalence)Wearebothsomewhatambivalentabouthavingchild.對(duì)于要不要孩子這件事，我們都有些搖擺不定。O’hadgenuineambivalenceUSinvolvementthewar.O’在美國(guó)是否參戰(zhàn)一事上態(tài)度曖昧。mistrustv.不信，懷疑Asaverychildshehadlearnedtomistrustadults.還個(gè)小孩的時(shí)候已學(xué)著不相信大人了。peoplemistrustthecomputerisedbanking.有人對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)化的銀行業(yè)深表懷疑。defectiveadj.有陷的hediseaseisbydefectivegene.這疾病是由基因缺陷引起的。Thisisadefectiveproduct.這件次品。20out燃；耗盡Thehotelwascompletelyburntout.Onlythewallsramained.那座賓館完全燒毀了，只留下一些殘?jiān)珨啾凇！痟igh-pressurejobandyoucouldoutyoung.這工作壓力太大，你可能在年紀(jì)輕輕時(shí)就江郎才盡了。eccentricadj.古的Hiseccentricbehaviourlosthimhisjob.他怪異舉止讓他丟了飯碗。AuntLucywasalwaysaeccentric.姑媽總是有點(diǎn)怪怪的。adversityn.逆Weadmirehiscourageinthefaceadversity.我佩服他在逆境中的勇氣。Hedriftedthroughlifeadvantageof，nevertestedbyadversity.他一生生活富足，從未經(jīng)受貧苦的考驗(yàn)。collatev.整理AcomputertocollateinformationfromacrossBritain.一個(gè)電腦系統(tǒng)被用來(lái)整理英國(guó)的所有信息。10.upbringingn.養(yǎng)育Mikehadastrictupbringing.Mike從家教嚴(yán)。11.vantagepoint定角度，有利位置Frommyvanragepointthe，Icouldprocession.從我在山上的位置望去，整個(gè)隊(duì)伍盡收眼底。Thedisputelookedfromuantagepoint.從的角度看個(gè)爭(zhēng)端無(wú)意義。12.continuumn.連統(tǒng)一體TheCreolelanguagereallyvariousdialectsarrangedonacontinuum.克里奧爾語(yǔ)是幾個(gè)相當(dāng)不同的方言組成的共同體。Alltheorganismsinecosystempartofevolutionarycontinuum.生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中所有的生物都是一個(gè)進(jìn)化體系的一部分。13.manifestationn.表現(xiàn)Theselatestareaclearmanifestationofgrowingdiscontent.最的暴亂正是民怨的明確體現(xiàn)。Manifestationofthediseaseoftendoesn'toccuruntilmiddleage.這種病的癥狀到人的中21年時(shí)才會(huì)顯現(xiàn)。14.minimise使縮小Everyeffortisbeingmadetominimiseciviliancasualties.我們盡了最大努力減少平民傷亡。Wemustminimisetheofracialdiscrimination.問(wèn)題。

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