專題閱讀七選五常用解題技法-二步解題法

閱讀七選五常用解題技法——“二步”解題法第一步：看位置定類型句子在段中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命題人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三種挖空方式，正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，來(lái)考查考生的邏輯思維能力。段首、段中、段尾題在文中所起的作用可歸納為下表：挖空位置邏輯關(guān)系具體解讀段首題主旨句常以段落小標(biāo)題或主題句的形式出現(xiàn)。承上啟下句'此空處的答案能夠?qū)⑸隙魏拖露蔚膬?nèi)容連貫起來(lái)。段中題例證關(guān)系前后的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。例證的形式具有多樣性，思維過程基本是歸納（從例子到觀點(diǎn)）和推理（從觀點(diǎn)到例子）。常見的表示例證關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)有：forexample,forinstance,infact/asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords/thatistosay等。轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系若空格前后兩句之間是邏輯上的逆轉(zhuǎn)，則空格處很有可能表示轉(zhuǎn)折。表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)有：but,however,yet,while/though/although,or/otherwise,onthecontrary,instead,nevertheless^而)，still,incontrast/comparison,bycomparison等。因果關(guān)系表示因果關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)有:so,therefore,thus,consequently(結(jié)果),asaresult(of),so/such...that…，sothat…等。遞進(jìn)關(guān)系若空格前后兩句之間是邏輯上的層進(jìn)關(guān)系，則空格處很有可能是個(gè)表示遞進(jìn)的句子。表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)有"。。,also,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,likewise,similarly,what'smore,what'sworse,inaddition,aswell,tomakemattersworse,not...but…,notonly...butalso等。并列關(guān)系表示并列關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)有：and,first(ly),second(ly);first,then/next;tobeginwith,some...others...;foronething,foranotherthing;then/next,finally/last等。段尾題總結(jié)句用于總結(jié)本段內(nèi)容，常含有總結(jié)性的詞語(yǔ)。承上啟下句此空處的答案能夠?qū)⑸隙魏拖露蔚膬?nèi)容連貫起來(lái)。例子1…?40.Ifyouworkoutbrightandearlyinthemorning,youwillbemorelikelytosticktohealthyfoodchoicesthroughouttheday.Whowouldwanttoruintheirgoodworkoutbyeatingjunkfood?Youwillwanttocontinuetofocusonpositivechoices.Youwillsticktoyourdiet.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4-10hoursafterexercise.Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou'redoingitnow,thenlistenup!［分析］設(shè)空處位于段首，應(yīng)是該段落的小標(biāo)題。該段的主要內(nèi)容是“如果晨練，你就更有可能會(huì)堅(jiān)持一整天吃健康的食物”，故該段的主旨是“堅(jiān)持健康飲食”；再結(jié)合本段中的“healthyfood”“junkfood”與A項(xiàng)中的diet相關(guān)，故選A。例子2■■■?Yourmetabolism（新陳代謝）getsaheadstart._38Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,thenyouwillbegettingthecalorie（卡路里）burningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep.■A．Youwillsticktoyourdiet.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4-10hoursafterexercise.Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou'redoingitnow,thenlistenup!［分析］設(shè)空處位于段中，屬于段中題。這一段說(shuō)的是晨練有助于人體的新陳代謝，能讓你一整天都感受到晨練消耗卡路里帶來(lái)的好處。F項(xiàng)“晨練之后你還會(huì)在一天時(shí)間里繼續(xù)消耗卡路里”中的關(guān)鍵詞“throughouttheday”與文中的“thewholeday”呼應(yīng)。故選F。例子3...Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryou'relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant. 40—.A．WhileallofthemareusefulB．Whateveryou'relookingforC．Ifyou'reexperimentingwithacolorSmallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwithIt'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesF．Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeG.Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways［分析］該空位于段尾，應(yīng)屬于總結(jié)句。根據(jù)空前的“小?time,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant”可知，大型物品的顏色選擇所需要的時(shí)間、精力、費(fèi)用很大，這恰與F項(xiàng)構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。第二步：由類型定技法.主旨概括題主旨概括題主要考查考生對(duì)文章或段落進(jìn)行概括的能力，它要求考生在閱讀文章時(shí)，能夠提煉其中心思想，體會(huì)作者的寫作意圖，充分運(yùn)用概括能力提取文章的主題、觀點(diǎn)以及作者的情感態(tài)度。這類題常以考查段落標(biāo)題為主，設(shè)題位置一般在段首，有時(shí)總結(jié)性的語(yǔ)句也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在段中或段尾。這類題有時(shí)也會(huì)考查整篇文章的主旨大意，即文章的主題句，一般會(huì)在首段設(shè)空。概括起來(lái)講，命題人通常從兩個(gè)方面設(shè)題：①概括文章或段落的主題句或結(jié)論性語(yǔ)句；②段落標(biāo)題。解答主旨概括題通常采用瀏覽的方式，即重點(diǎn)搜索本段的主題線索詞并快速理清主旨大意，然后瀏覽選項(xiàng)，準(zhǔn)確判定出與主旨大意匹配的選項(xiàng)。例子3?39Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoexercisedintheevening.Exerciseenergizesyou,soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited.Youwillsticktoyourdiet.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.C．Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4-10hoursafterexercise.Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou'redoingitnow,thenlistenup!［分析］設(shè)空位于段首，應(yīng)為本段主題句。主題句一般是對(duì)上文或下文內(nèi)容的總結(jié)，快速瀏覽本段，本段提到sleptbetter,difficulttorelax,apeacefulsleep依據(jù)這些關(guān)鍵詞匯可概括本段說(shuō)的是晨練比晚上鍛煉更能改善睡眠，因此選B。.語(yǔ)段過渡題語(yǔ)段過渡題所涉及的句子是過渡句，具有承上啟下的作用，該題型主要考查考生對(duì)篇章的理解能力和對(duì)上下文之間邏輯關(guān)系的分析能力。其設(shè)空位置比較靈活，可位于段尾、段首或段中。解這類題通?？刹捎梦恢门袛喾āＨ绻O(shè)空位于段首，要前瞻后望找提示，即閱讀上一段結(jié)尾部分，通常正確答案與之銜接，并結(jié)合本段內(nèi)容，看所選的答案是否能將兩段內(nèi)容連貫起來(lái)。如果設(shè)空位于段中，重點(diǎn)閱讀該空的前一句和后一句，找出它們之間的邏輯關(guān)系或根據(jù)意義的連貫性得出答案；如果還沒有把握，再分析該段的中心句。如果設(shè)空位于段尾，在選項(xiàng)中找不出與前文之間的關(guān)聯(lián)時(shí)，可考慮與下一段開頭之間的銜接。仔細(xì)閱讀下一段開頭幾句，看是否能與所選選項(xiàng)緊密連接起來(lái)。例子4Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves. 39—.Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.WhileallofthemareusefulWhateveryou'relookingforIfyou'reexperimentingwithacolorSmallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwithIt'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesSoitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeColorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways［分析］設(shè)空處在段中，所填句子應(yīng)是過渡句。該空前一句主要內(nèi)容是'mediumcolorchoices"，是G項(xiàng)中“smallones”的升級(jí)。該空后一句介紹了兩種方式的顏色選擇，與G項(xiàng)中的“twomajorways”相呼應(yīng)，故選Go.細(xì)節(jié)線索題細(xì)節(jié)線索類的試題要求考生更加注重文章中的細(xì)節(jié)，比如某個(gè)關(guān)鍵的單詞或數(shù)字等。解答這類試題經(jīng)常用到的方法有：詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法、詞匯同現(xiàn)法、代詞線索法、邏輯關(guān)系線索法等。1.詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法復(fù)現(xiàn)法是保證文章前后銜接而經(jīng)常使用的一種寫作手段，即在文章中不同的位置對(duì)同一個(gè)概念進(jìn)行重復(fù)描述，從而使得同樣的意思在文章中不同的地方重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。復(fù)現(xiàn)的形式主要包括原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同近）義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等?？忌衫梦恼碌倪@一特點(diǎn)，在解題時(shí)注意選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的與正文意思相同、相近或相反的詞。例子538.They'rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.A．WhileallofthemareusefulB．Whateveryou'relookingforC．Ifyou'reexperimentingwithacolorD．Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwithE．It'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesF．Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeG．Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways［分析］解此題可運(yùn)用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法，該空所在段最后一句中的'smallcolorchoices-是D項(xiàng)"Smallcolorchoices”的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選D。.詞匯同現(xiàn)法詞匯同現(xiàn)是指屬于同一詞匯范疇或者某一領(lǐng)域的詞匯在文章中同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，達(dá)到語(yǔ)意銜接的目的。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，上下文中詞匯的范疇越小，上下文的銜接關(guān)系越緊密。例子6Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanotherfun-filledholidayinthewilderness.38Instead,wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.Mynature-lovingfriendshadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesoflife.Thistimetherewasnotent.Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.D．Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.［分析］解此題可運(yùn)用詞匯同現(xiàn)法。該空前面的部分說(shuō)明了作者被說(shuō)服參加另一次野營(yíng)活動(dòng)，而空后則說(shuō)這次野營(yíng)活動(dòng)有舒服的床和空調(diào)，因此空處的論述應(yīng)該是在'住宿”這一范疇內(nèi)，幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)合適。.代詞線索法英語(yǔ)文章中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，代詞一般用來(lái)指代前面提及的名詞，考生如果能巧妙地利用這樣的指代關(guān)系或根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)就可以準(zhǔn)確而快速地解題。例子7Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.37,theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere'rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.WhileallofthemareusefulWhateveryou'relookingforIfyou'reexperimentingwithacolorSmallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwithIt'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesSoitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeColorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways［分析］解此題可運(yùn)用代詞線索法?？崭窈蟮膖hey指代上文中的techniques,且與A項(xiàng)中的allofthem相呼應(yīng)，代入A項(xiàng)“盡管它們都很有用"，符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。.邏輯關(guān)系線索法一篇文章往往是一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體，各部分之間存在著一定的聯(lián)系。從邏輯意義上來(lái)看，句子與句子之間常常有并列、順承、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、總分、解釋、因果、過渡、例證等關(guān)系，有時(shí)甚至包含不止一種這樣的關(guān)系。因此，理解閱讀材料時(shí)一定要把握文章脈絡(luò)，弄清其中的邏輯關(guān)系。如果文中或選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了邏輯關(guān)系詞，考生就可以利用其來(lái)進(jìn)行推理判斷；如果文中或選項(xiàng)中未出現(xiàn)邏輯關(guān)系詞，這就需要考生全面理解文章大意，根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境弄清文章內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系，作出正確的判斷。例子8IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping,Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites,ill-cookedmeals,anduncomfortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme.36—Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer...Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanotherfun-filledholidayinthewildernessWehavedonealotofitsince...40(E)—Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater,everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.Irecommendthatyoufindyourwayinstyle.Thistimetherewasnotent.Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.C．Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.E．ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.［分析］解此題可運(yùn)用邏輯關(guān)系線索法。首句“如果三年前有人告訴我我會(huì)花大部分的周末時(shí)間去野營(yíng)，我將會(huì)開懷大笑”使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，預(yù)示了后面的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。接著講述了作者過去對(duì)野營(yíng)的看法。由下文可知作者起初和后來(lái)對(duì)野營(yíng)的態(tài)度不一樣。D項(xiàng)表示“但是，從那時(shí)起我就學(xué)習(xí)了很多關(guān)于野營(yíng)的知識(shí)”，however與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此是最佳選項(xiàng)。此題的關(guān)鍵是however這個(gè)邏輯關(guān)系詞，承上啟下，為下文內(nèi)容作鋪墊。例子9...?Recall(回憶)yourchildhoodmemoriesOurmodelofwhatagardenshouldbeoftengoesbacktochildhood.Grandma'srosegardenandDad'svegetablegardenmightbegoodorbad,butthat'snotwhat'simportant.—39——howbeinginthosegardensmadeusfeel.Ifyou'dliketobuildapowerfulbondwithyourgarden,startbytakingsometimetorecallthegardensofyouryouth.40(G).Thengooutsideandworkoutaplantotranslateyourchildhoodmemoriesintoyourgrown-upgarden.Havefun.A.KnowwhyyougardenB．FindagoodplaceforyourowngardenIt'sourexperienceofthegardenthatmattersIt'sdelightfultoseesomanybeautifulflowersStillothersmaysimplyenjoybeingoutdoorsandclosetoplantsYoucanproducethatkindofmagicalqualityinyourowngarden,tooForeachofthosegardens,writedownthestrongestmemoryyouhave［分析］解此題可運(yùn)用邏輯關(guān)系線索法?？崭袂罢f(shuō)'但那不是重要的事情”，由此可推測(cè)空格處會(huì)指出什么才是重要的，前后為順承邏輯關(guān)系，C項(xiàng)“我們做園藝工作的體驗(yàn)才是重要的”符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。例子10...Unfortunately,we'veallbeenvictimsofbetrayal.Whetherwe'vebeenstolenfrom,liedto,misled,orcheatedon,therearedifferentlevelsoflosingtrust.Sometimespeoplesimplycan'ttrustanymore.—37It'sunderstandable,butifyou'rewillingtobuildtrustinarelationshipagain,wehavesomestepsyoucantaketogetyouthere....Learntoreallytrustyourself.Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.C．Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.They'vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan'tbeartoletithappenagain.Thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships.G．Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn'tmeanyou'reignoringwhathappened.［分析］此題從行文邏輯上判斷屬因果關(guān)系。上句意為“有時(shí)候，人們簡(jiǎn)直無(wú)法再信任（別人）了”，而本句應(yīng)是解釋人們無(wú)法信任別人的原因。故E項(xiàng)符合題意。隨堂練習(xí)運(yùn)用“二步解題法”解答下題 .Interruptionsareoneoftheworstthingstodealwithwhileyou'retryingtogetworkdone.—1—,thereareseveralwaystohandlethings.Let'stakealookatthemnow.—2—.Tellthepersonyou'resorryandexplainthatyouhaveamillionthingstodoandthenaskifthetwoofyoucantalkatadifferenttime.Whenpeopletrytointerruptyou,havesethoursplannedandletthemknowtocomebackduringthattimeorthatyou'llfindthemthen.—3—.Itcanhelptoeliminate（消除）futureinterruptions.Whenyouneedtotalktosomeone,don'tdoitinyourownoffice.—4—,it'smucheasiertoexcuseyourselftogetbacktoyourworkthanifyoutrytogetsomeoneoutofyourspaceevenafterexplaininghowbusyyouare.Ifyouhaveadoortoyouroffice,makegooduseofit.—5—.Ifsomeoneknocksandit'snotanimportantmatter,excuseyourselfandletthepersonknowyou'rebusysotheycangetthehint（暗示）thatwhenthedoorisclosed,you'renottobedisturbed.Ifyou'rebusy,don'tfeelbadaboutsayingnoWhenyouwanttoavoidinterruptionsatworkSetboundariesforyourselfasfarasyourtimegoesIfyou'reintheotherperson'sofficeorinapublicareaIt'simportantthatyouletthemknowwhenyou'llbeavailableItmightseemunkindtocutpeopleshortwhentheyinterruptyouLeaveitopenwhenyou'reavailabletotalkandcloseitwhenyou'renot［方法運(yùn)用］.選B本空位于段中，空前是句號(hào)，空后是逗號(hào)，空處應(yīng)該是一個(gè)承上啟下句。本題上文有關(guān)鍵詞“Interruptions”和“getworkdone”，這和選項(xiàng)B中的“avoidinterruptions”和“atwork”屬于詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)，故應(yīng)選B。.選A本空位于段首，空處應(yīng)該是一個(gè)主題句。本題下文有關(guān)鍵詞“you'resorry”和“haveamillionthingstodo”，這和選項(xiàng)A中的“sayingno”和“busy”屬于同義表達(dá)，故應(yīng)選A。.選E本空位于段中，空格前后都是句號(hào)，應(yīng)該是承上啟下句。根據(jù)空格前后的兩個(gè)句子，空格前說(shuō)“當(dāng)人們?cè)噲D打擾你時(shí)，你要確定好時(shí)間，讓他們知道什么時(shí)候回來(lái)找你或者你去找他們”，空格后說(shuō)“這樣做能幫你消除未來(lái)受到打擾的可能”，空格后“It”指代空格處的內(nèi)容，而E項(xiàng)“讓他們知道你什么時(shí)候有空非常重要”與前后句銜接緊密，故應(yīng)選E。.選D本空位于段中，空前是句號(hào)，空后是逗號(hào)，空處應(yīng)為承上啟下句。根據(jù)上文“don'tdoitinyourown0fice”可知，空格處與上文之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)D中的“intheotherperson'soffice,inapublicarea”與上文中的“inyourown。￡加?”在語(yǔ)義上相反，故應(yīng)選D。.選G本空位于段中，空格前后都是句號(hào)，空處應(yīng)為承上啟下句。本題上文關(guān)鍵信息“Ifyouhaveadoortoyouroffice,makegooduseof讓”與選項(xiàng)G中的關(guān)鍵詞“Leaveitopen,closeit”等語(yǔ)義相近，其中代詞it都是指代上文提到的“door”，故應(yīng)選G項(xiàng)。閱讀七選五快捷解題技法 序一忌看四點(diǎn)我們學(xué)習(xí)了“二步解題法”，掌握了解答閱讀七選五的關(guān)鍵是理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)和句間邏輯。在考場(chǎng)上，我們不但要拼解題的準(zhǔn)度，還要拼解題的速度，所以本講我們給考生介紹一種快捷的解題技法——一序一忌看四點(diǎn)。一序：先看七、再讀文，快捷準(zhǔn)確有針對(duì)關(guān)于做題順序，是先讀文段，還是先看七個(gè)選項(xiàng)，大多數(shù)人傾向于先讀文段。但是，筆者還是建議先看七個(gè)選項(xiàng)，再讀短文。先確定哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)適合放在文章的什么位置。通常有三個(gè)位置：段首、段中、段尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征，有時(shí)有的選項(xiàng)本身表述就是錯(cuò)誤的，可以直接從備選項(xiàng)中清除，以降低難度。一忌：“選一個(gè)、劃一個(gè)“，這個(gè)方法不足取解答閱讀七選五題目最大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就是容易出現(xiàn)連環(huán)錯(cuò)！假如做題時(shí)，我們選一個(gè)，劃掉一個(gè)，美其名曰：逐步縮小包圍圈。方法雖妙，但倘若前面我們錯(cuò)選了一處，那么就會(huì)導(dǎo)致多處錯(cuò)選。因此我們做題時(shí)要特別忌諱“選出一個(gè)劃掉一個(gè)“，以避免造成一錯(cuò)再錯(cuò)，產(chǎn)生連環(huán)錯(cuò)誤，特別是那些句子結(jié)構(gòu)相同、句意相近的選項(xiàng)更是需要我們?nèi)级??？此狞c(diǎn)：體裁、指代、連貫詞，重復(fù)信息有價(jià)值.看文段體裁，用好鮮明特征從近年高考所選材料來(lái)看，其體裁基本是說(shuō)明文和記敘文。說(shuō)明文的特征是主題鮮明、層次清晰，語(yǔ)篇特征非常明晰。記敘文則以故事發(fā)展脈絡(luò)為主線，為了有趣，常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些比較特別的記敘手法，因而會(huì)增加理解的難度。.看代詞指代，尋根還需溯源英語(yǔ)是一門非常講究簡(jiǎn)潔的語(yǔ)言，所以在篇章中代詞的運(yùn)用很多，用于指代上文已經(jīng)提到過的人、物或者整個(gè)事件。追根溯源，找到指代與被替代關(guān)系，會(huì)大大加快我們解題的速度。例子11“Iadoredancing,”saysLesterBridges,theownerofadancestudioinIowa.“Ican'timaginedoinganythingelsewithmylife.”Bridgesrunsdanceclassesforallages.“Teachingdanceiswonderful.__37It'sgreattowatchthem.Formanyofthem,it'sawayofmeetingpeopleandhavingasociallife.”?D.Myolderstudentssayitmakesthemfeelyoung.［分析］D項(xiàng)中的them指代myolderstudents,空后的兩個(gè)them也指代myolderstudentso.看上下連貫，捕捉文段脈絡(luò)上下連貫是好的篇章的特點(diǎn)，常常靠'起承轉(zhuǎn)合”來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。“起”就是開端，或提出主題或吸引讀者關(guān)注主題；“承”就是承接上文加以申述；“轉(zhuǎn)”就是轉(zhuǎn)折，指出問題或困難；“合”則是給出解決問題的方法或建議。這些特征在說(shuō)明文和議論文中尤為明顯。例子12Ifyouarealreadymakingthetimetoexercise,itisgoodindeed!Withsuchbusylives,itcanbehardtotryandfindthetimetoworkout.—36—Workingoutinthemorningprovidesadditionalbenefitsbeyondbeingphysicallyfit.?G.Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou'redoingitnow,thenlistenup!［分析］本空前文說(shuō)在繁忙的生活中，我們很難找到時(shí)間鍛煉，后文說(shuō)晨練的好處，故中間的銜接句應(yīng)該表示“假設(shè)有時(shí)間鍛煉”之類的含義，因此G項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。.看重復(fù)信息，把握內(nèi)在聯(lián)系篇章是相對(duì)完整的一個(gè)語(yǔ)義體，自然而然會(huì)有很多割裂不開的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。這些聯(lián)系常?？客x詞、近義詞、反義詞或者借助詞性的變化來(lái)重復(fù)體現(xiàn)，而這些重復(fù)信息的存在，又為我們提供了良好的解題契機(jī)。例子13

thereareInterruptionsareoneoftheworstthingstodealwithwhileyou'retryingtogetworkdone.—36severalwaystohandlethings.Let'stakealookatthemnow.thereare?B.Whenyouwanttoavoidinterruptionsatwork［分析］本題上文有關(guān)鍵詞“Interruptions”和“getworkdone"，和選項(xiàng)B中的“avoidinterruptions”和"atwork”屬于同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，再結(jié)合下文“thereareseveralwaystohandle也詁8$"，便可迅速判定本題答案為B。以上介紹了閱讀七選五快捷解題技法，下面結(jié)合實(shí)例看一下“一序一忌看四點(diǎn)”在解題中的具體應(yīng)用。隨堂練習(xí) -Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblameonthealarmclock.Infact,thekeytoeasymorningwake-upliesinresettingyourbodyclock._1_Here'showtomakeone.2Inordertomakeachange,youneedtodecidewhyit'simportant.Doyouwanttogetupintimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?Onceyouareclearaboutyourreasons,tellyourfamilyorroommatesaboutthechangeyouwanttomake.Rethinkmornings.Nowthatyouknowwhyyouwanttowakeup,considerre-arrangingyourmorningactivities.Ifyouwanttimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,savesometimethenightbeforebysettingoutclothes,shoes,andbags._3__That'saquarter-hourmoreyoucouldbesleepingifyouboughtacoffeemakerwithatimer.Keepyoursleep/wakescheduleonweekends.Ifyou'retiredoutbyFridaynight,sleepinginonSaturdaycouldsoundwonderful.Butcompensatingontheweekendsactuallyfeedsintoyoursleepinessthefollowingweek,arecentstudyfound.4—Keeparecordandevaluateitweekly.Keeptrackofyoureffortsandwritedownhowyoufeel.Afteryou'vetriedanewmethodforaweek,takealookatyourrecord.—5Ifnot,takeanotherlookatothermethodsyoucouldtry.Getasleepspecialist.Findtherightmotivation.Abetterplanforsleepcanhelp.Andconsidersettingasecondalarm.Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,keepitup.F．Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.G.Reconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafetogetcoffee.［方法運(yùn)用］“一序”：讀選項(xiàng)：七個(gè)選項(xiàng)的排列從最短句到最長(zhǎng)句，呈梯形排列；最短的A、B、C、D四項(xiàng)涵蓋性強(qiáng)，具有主旨句的特點(diǎn)，故可優(yōu)先考慮放到段首位置。讀文章：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要提出了關(guān)于睡眠以及如何調(diào)整生物鐘的幾個(gè)建議。“一忌”：本文的難點(diǎn)在于選項(xiàng)中同一句肅祈使句）比較多，總共有六個(gè)，對(duì)于這類相同句式的出現(xiàn)，切忌“選一個(gè)、劃掉一個(gè)”，這樣極易造成“連環(huán)錯(cuò)”?！翱此狞c(diǎn)”：答案解析過程。.選C前句說(shuō)要調(diào)節(jié)生物鐘，后句則提出要制定一個(gè)計(jì)戈0—其中的代詞one就是指代C選項(xiàng)中的plan。.選B本句所處位置在句首，根據(jù)說(shuō)明文的特征，段首句一般多為主題句。結(jié)合本段中下文的問題，可知此處是說(shuō)找到正確的動(dòng)機(jī)。.選G選項(xiàng)中的“the15minutes”是下句中的“aquarterhour”的"重復(fù)信息”。.選F本句所處位置在段末，根據(jù)文體特征，一般用于總結(jié)本段。而本段中出現(xiàn)的“Friday,Saturday,weekends”與F選項(xiàng)中的“nomattertheday”為“重復(fù)信息”。.選E結(jié)合下句的“Ifnot...”正好體現(xiàn)了上下連貫，最終歸“合”的典型語(yǔ)篇特征。運(yùn)用“一序一忌看四點(diǎn)'解答下題IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping.Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites,ill-cookedmeals,anduncomfortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme.—1—Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.—2Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor'sbillformyson'sfoodpoisoning.Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanotherfun-filledholidayinthewilderness.—3—Instead,wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.Mynature-lovingfriendshadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesoflife.—4Wehavedonealotofitsince.Recently,weboughtatwenty-eight-foottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuilt-inTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom,amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.—5—Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater,everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.Irecommendthatyoufindyourwayinstyle.Thistimetherewasnotent.Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.C．Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.D.Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.E．ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.F.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.G．Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.［方法運(yùn)用］“一序”：讀選項(xiàng)：七個(gè)選項(xiàng)排列從短到長(zhǎng)，呈梯形排列；D項(xiàng)中的“however”一詞應(yīng)注意，此選項(xiàng)具有轉(zhuǎn)折作用，有可能用于總結(jié)前文并引起下文。F項(xiàng)中的“Afterthetrip”有“承接”作用，有可能用于引領(lǐng)下文的

相關(guān)內(nèi)容。讀文章：本文是一篇記敘文，以主人公“我”的旅行及野營(yíng)為主線索，講述了“我”參與野營(yíng)活動(dòng)的經(jīng)歷。“一忌”：記敘文是比較靈活的一種呈現(xiàn)方式。本篇的重點(diǎn)是對(duì)事件發(fā)生時(shí)間順序的把握?？梢哉f(shuō)是極易“錯(cuò)一時(shí)，而亂全局”，造成“連環(huán)錯(cuò)”。特別是選項(xiàng)中的A、C、G和E、F兩組選項(xiàng)更具有較高的相似性?！翱此狞c(diǎn)”：答案解析過程。.選D本句所處位置為段尾，常常用于總結(jié)前文，并引起下文。D選項(xiàng)中的“however”就起到了很好的轉(zhuǎn)折作用，既照應(yīng)了上文對(duì)于野營(yíng)毫無(wú)興趣的語(yǔ)境，又為下文態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變做出了安排。.選C后文“亞?sleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.”正是對(duì)于C選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞rough的最好詮釋，對(duì)C項(xiàng)內(nèi)容的承接和申述。.選A前句的代詞“another”和選項(xiàng)A中的“Thistime”為重復(fù)信息，而下句的“Instead”又呈現(xiàn)了“轉(zhuǎn)”的意義，與前文構(gòu)成呼應(yīng)關(guān)系。.選F選項(xiàng)E和F意義具有較高的相似性，試比較："Ihavecertainlycometoenjoycamping￥「myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping”。但F項(xiàng)中的“Afterthetrip”就起到了很好的“承接”作用，而后文的所做之事又正好做了闡釋，前后連貫自然。.選E此處位于最后一段的段首，應(yīng)有總結(jié)全文之意。E選項(xiàng)中代詞I再次出現(xiàn)，恰好重申了作者的身份，而E項(xiàng)既是對(duì)文章首段作者態(tài)度變化過程的一個(gè)總結(jié)，也很好地銜接了后文，形成了一個(gè)很好的文段結(jié)尾。閱讀七選五穩(wěn)準(zhǔn)解題技法一一畫一析一找一驗(yàn)［為什么］［［為什么］前面第二講提到，閱讀七選五最大的失分風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就是“連環(huán)錯(cuò)”。一旦造it行文脈培用「然成“連環(huán)錯(cuò)大的失分風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就是“連環(huán)錯(cuò)”。一旦造it行文脈培用「然成“連環(huán)錯(cuò)”，失分就不在毫厘間，從而拉開考生間的分差。解答閱讀七選五如何既快又準(zhǔn)且穩(wěn)，避免“連環(huán)錯(cuò)”，本講在前兩講的基礎(chǔ)上，技法再延伸！折空都林化折選誠(chéng)怖IEJ；?思?考丹間逐步策焦,由『I故據(jù)櫛衽援空格四與選項(xiàng)的契合點(diǎn)」國(guó)］3代人商文里讀兼證1返情；連頃二行瑪蘆訐，；—定稿一福展.質(zhì)編如柴碧述到仃工不迪“回T析T找T驗(yàn)”解題示范例子14[1]Beforetherewasthewrittenword,therewasthelanguageofdance.Danceexpressesloveandhate,joyandsorrow,lifeanddeath,andeverythingelseinbetween.[2]—36—WedancefromFloridatoAlaska,fromnorthtosouthandseatosea.Wedanceatweddings,birthdays,officepartiesandjusttofillthetime.[3]“Iadoredancing,”saysLesterBridges,theownerofadancestudioinIowa.“Ican'timaginedoinganythingelsewithmylife.”Bridgesrunsdanceclassesforallages.“Teachingdanceiswonderful.__37It'sgreattowatchthem.Formanyofthem,it'sawayofmeetingpeopleandhavingasociallife.”[4]_38__“Icantellyouaboutoneyoungcouple,"saysBridges.“They'relearningtodotraditionaldances.Theyarriveattheclassinlowspiritsandtheyleavewithasmile.-39”[5]So,dowedanceinordertomakeourselvesfeelbetter,calmer,healthier?AndreaHilliersays“Dance,likethepatternofabeatingheart,islife.Evenafteralltheseyears,Iwanttogetbetterandbetter.—40 Ifindithardtostop!DancingremindsmeI'malive.”Sowhydowedance?DanceintheU.S.iseverywhere.Ifyoulikedancingoutdoors,cometoAmerica.Myolderstudentssayitmakesthemfeelyoung.IkeeppracticingevenwhenI'mextremelytired.F.Dancingseemstochangetheirfeelingcompletely.Theystayedupallnightlongsinginganddancing.第一步：畫出文章結(jié)構(gòu)段落大意及文章結(jié)構(gòu)行文脈絡(luò)第一段舞蹈的歷史及內(nèi)涵。 總述第二段舞蹈的普及范圍。總第三段 ILesterBridges對(duì)舞蹈的感受。 ]1 j,、J第四段舞蹈學(xué)習(xí)者的收獲。 1分第五段 "AndreaHillier對(duì)舞蹈的看法。 ：第二步：析特征1.析空格特征36題位于段首；該段點(diǎn)出了舞蹈遍布美國(guó)各地，貫穿各種活動(dòng)37題位于段中；其上文點(diǎn)出作者喜歡舞蹈教學(xué)；下文是看到」他們學(xué)習(xí)舞蹈，他感覺很美好38題位于段首；該段敘述了一對(duì)年輕夫婦學(xué)習(xí)舞蹈的經(jīng)歷一沮喪而來(lái)，高興而歸39題位于段尾，總結(jié)該段內(nèi)容。即通過這對(duì)年輕夫婦學(xué)習(xí)舞蹈的經(jīng)歷，來(lái)告知人們：舞蹈能讓人積極向上40題位于段中；上下文應(yīng)為并列關(guān)系——AndreaHillier對(duì)舞蹈的看法2.析選項(xiàng)特征

A.Sowhydowedance?問句引領(lǐng)，其下文應(yīng)該為學(xué)習(xí)舞蹈原因，位于段首的可能性較大B.DanceintheU?S.iseverywhere.該選項(xiàng)應(yīng)涉及舞蹈在美國(guó)的流行程度，位于段首的可能性較大C.Ifyoulikedancingoutdoors,cometoAmerica.該選項(xiàng)的重點(diǎn)為美國(guó)的戶外舞蹈，位于段尾的可能性較大D.Myolderstudentssayitmakesthemfeelyoung.該選項(xiàng)涉及舞蹈的好處：讓人感到年輕，位于段中的可能性較大E.IkeeppracticingevenwhenI'mextremelytired.該選項(xiàng)涉及對(duì)舞蹈的癡迷程度，位于段中的可能性較大F.Dancingseemstochangetheirfeelingcompletely.該選項(xiàng)說(shuō)明了舞蹈的效果，位于段尾的可能性較大G.Theystayedupallnightlongsinginganddancing.該段涉及對(duì)舞蹈的癡迷程度，位于段中的可能性較大第三步：依據(jù)特征找空格與選項(xiàng)的契合點(diǎn)36題該題所在段落點(diǎn)出了“舞蹈遍布美國(guó)各地”，這與B項(xiàng)所反映出的“舞蹈在美國(guó)的流行程度”為例證關(guān)系，故選B。37題該題所在段落的下文是看到“他們”學(xué)習(xí)舞蹈，感覺很美好，這與D項(xiàng)中的“them”為同一指代，且D項(xiàng)也涉及舞蹈的好處，故選D。38題該題所在段落敘述了一對(duì)年輕夫婦學(xué)習(xí)舞蹈的經(jīng)歷，A項(xiàng)“那么我們?yōu)槭裁刺枘亍币I(lǐng)本段，其后的內(nèi)容正好是對(duì)這句話的例證和闡釋。故選A。39題該題為總結(jié)句，其前通過年輕夫婦學(xué)習(xí)舞蹈后，精神狀態(tài)發(fā)生了很大變化，故此句應(yīng)落腳到“舞蹈的效果”上，這與F項(xiàng)中的“changetheirfeelingcompletely”完全吻合。故選F。40題該題位于段中，其前的“1wanttogetbetterandbetter”和其后的“Ifindithardtostop”都表明了“我”對(duì)舞蹈的癡迷程度，這與E項(xiàng)中所反映出的“我”對(duì)舞蹈的癡迷程度完全照應(yīng)。故選E。第四步：驗(yàn)“正”析“誤”.根據(jù)第三步做出的初步判斷，把36.B37.D38.A39.F40.E代入原文后，五個(gè)答案皆符合上下文語(yǔ)境。.剩余的C、G兩項(xiàng)在原文中沒有提及相關(guān)內(nèi)容，故為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。隨堂練習(xí)運(yùn)用“畫—析—找一驗(yàn)”解答下題[1]Ifyouarealreadymakingthetimetoexercise,itisgoodindeed!Withsuchbusylives,itcanbehardtotryandfindthetimetoworkout.—36Workingoutinthemorningprovidesadditionalbenefitsbeyondbeingphysicallyfit.[2]eYourproductivityisimproved.Exercisingmakesyoumoreawakeandreadytohandlewhateverisaheadofyoufortheday._37—[3]?Yourmetabolism（新陳代謝）getsaheadstart.38Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,thenyouwillbegettingthecalorie（卡路里）burningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep.[4]e_39 Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoexercisedintheevening.Exerciseenergizesyou,soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited.[5]?40Ifyouworkoutbrightandearlyinthemorning,youwillbemorelikelytosticktohealthyfoodchoicesthroughouttheday.Whowouldwanttoruintheirgoodworkoutbyeatingjunkfood?Youwillwanttocontinuetofocusonpositivechoices.[6]Therearealotofbenefitstoworkingout,especiallyinthemornings.Setyouralarmclockanhourearlyandpushyourselftoworkout!Youwillfeelenergizedalldaylong.Youwillsticktoyourdiet.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4-10hoursafterexercise.Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou'redoingitnow,thenlistenup!第一步：畫出文章結(jié)構(gòu)段落大意及文章結(jié)構(gòu)行文脈絡(luò)第一段晨練除了強(qiáng)壯身體外的其他好處。總述第二段好處一：提高效率。總1第三段 「L好處二：薪陳代謝得到改善。J分述分第四段 好處三：提高睡眠質(zhì)量。J第五段 1 好處四：改善飲食習(xí)慣?？偟诹卧俅魏粲踹M(jìn)行晨練?？偨Y(jié)第二步：析特征1.析空格特征36題位于段中，承接下文——晨練好處多37題1位于段尾，是對(duì)主題句（提高效率）的例證38題位于段中，是對(duì)主題句（改善新陳代謝）的闡釋39題位于段首，為標(biāo)題句。該段的主要內(nèi)容是與睡眠有關(guān)40題位于段首，為標(biāo)題句。該段的主要內(nèi)容是與改善飲食習(xí)慣有關(guān)2.析選項(xiàng)特征A.Youwillsticktoyourdiet.句子簡(jiǎn)短，標(biāo)題的可能性大，與飲食有關(guān)B.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.句子簡(jiǎn)短，標(biāo)題的可能性大，與睡眠質(zhì)量有關(guān)C.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.,與飲食有關(guān)，選擇健康飲食而不是快餐D.Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.沒有理由晨練E.Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4-10hoursafterexercise.晨練后能使頭腦清晰4到10小時(shí)，與效率有關(guān)F.Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburn ［一， 人，， ，，，，i晨練后一整天都會(huì)在減肥，與新陳代謝有關(guān)caloriesthroughouttheday. ：GIfyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou'redoingitnow,thenlistenup!發(fā)出呼吁，位于首段的可能性較大【答案】36.G37.E38.F39.B40.A第四步：驗(yàn)“正”析“誤”.根據(jù)第三步做出的初步判斷，把答案代入原文后，皆符合上下文語(yǔ)境。.剩余兩項(xiàng)的錯(cuò)誤原因：C項(xiàng)與A項(xiàng)在內(nèi)容上有一定的相似性，但是C項(xiàng)和原文內(nèi)容相差較大；D項(xiàng)在原文中沒有提到。技法針對(duì)練（一）——根據(jù)原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)解題Passage1根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Igetsobusytakingcareofeveryoneelse.Iforgettotakecareofmyselfandthishastochange.—1—Ihavetogetmyhealthincheck,notonlyformebutbecauseIpromisedmy9-year-oldson.I'llmakegoodfoodandlifestylechoices.Imissbeingthin,andit'stimetogetitback.TheotherdayImetanoldfriendofmine.Myhealthsuffersandmyweightsuffers.Passage2根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Self-confidenceplaysanimportantroleindealingwithourdifficultiesinourlife.—1—Itiswithself-confidencethatwecanovercomethemandfinallyachieveourlifegoals.Withoutself-confidence,wecan'tdoanything.2Weshouldbuildupourconfidence,bravelyfacetheexaminationandfinallymakeourdreamscometrue.Allinall,inourcompetitivesociety,weshouldgainself-confidencetomeetthechallenge.Weshouldhavecouragetofightagainstdifficulties.Weshouldtrustinourselves,sticktoourbeliefsandfinallyaccomplishourtargets.Asweknow,onJune7th&8th,we'llattendtheCollegeEntranceExamination.Ifwedon'tworkhard,wewon'tsucceedatlast.Inourlifeweoftencomeacrosssomedifficultproblems.Passage3根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Parentsshouldhelptheirchildrenunderstandmoney.1Soyoumaystarttalkingaboutmoneywhenyourchildshowsaninterestinbuyingthings,candyortoys,forexample.2Beginexplainingthebasicfunctionofmoneybyshowinghowpeopletrademoneyforgoodsorservices.It'simportanttoshowyourchildhowmoneyistradedforthething