淄博市2023高考英語閱讀類系列系列（14）及答案

第頁淄博市2023高考英語閱讀類系列系列〔14〕及答案(完形填空)(201***·江蘇卷)Aboywaswalkinghomefromschoolwhenhesawalarge,tempting(誘人的)appleononeofthebranchesofanappletreehangingoutoveratallfence.Theboywasn'tmuchofafruit-eater，__1__abarofchocolateifgiventhechoice，__2__，astheysay,theforbiddenfruitcanbetempting.Seeingtheapple,theboywantedit.Themorehelookedatit,the__3__hefeltandthemorehewantedthatapple.Hestoodontiptoe(腳尖)，__4__ashighashecould,butevenathistallest__5__hewasunabletotouchit.Hebeganto__6__upanddown,ashighashecould,atthe__7__ofeachjumpstretchinghisarmstogettheapple.Stillitremainedoutof__8__.Notgivingup,hethought,ifonlyhehadsomethingto__9__on.Hisschoolbagwouldn'tgiveenoughheightandhedidn'twantto__10__thethingsinside,likehislunchbox,pencilcase,andGameboy.Looking__11__，hehopedhemightfindanoldbox,arock,or，__12__luck,evenaladder,butitwasatidyneighbourhoodandtherewasnothinghecoulduse.Hehadtriedeverythinghecouldthinktodo.__13__seeinganyotherchoices,hegaveupandstartedtowalk__14__.Atfirsthefeltangryanddisappointedthinkingabouthowhungryhehadbecomefromhis__15__，andhowhereallywantedthatapple.Themorehe__16__likethis,themoreunhappyhebecame.__17__，theboyofourstorywasaprettysmartguy，evenifhecouldn'talwaysgetwhathewanted.Hestartedtosaytohimself.“Thisisn't__18__.Idon'thavetheappleandI'mfeelingmiserableaswell.There's__19__moreIcandotogettheapple—thatisunchangeable—butwearesupposedtobeableto__20__ourfeelings.Ifthat'sthecase,whatcanIdotofeelbetter？〞本文通過一個(gè)小男孩想摘蘋果的故事說明了一個(gè)道理：不以物喜，不以己悲。無論面對(duì)失敗還是成功，都要保持一種豁達(dá)淡然的心態(tài)。本文小主人公也作了反思：何必因想得到卻得不到的東西而悲傷呢？1．A.preferring B．offeringC．receiving D．a(chǎn)llowing答案：A。句意：這個(gè)男孩不太喜歡吃水果，如果讓他選擇的話，他更喜歡一塊巧克力，但是正如人們說的，越是得不到的東西越想得到。prefer更喜歡；offer提供，出價(jià)；receive收到；allow允許。2．A.so B．thenC．but D．or答案：C。由第1小題的解析可知，此處為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)選but。3．A.sadder B．a(chǎn)ngrierC．hungrier D．tastier答案：C。他想摘到蘋果，所以越看它就感到越想吃并且越想摘。此處表示人的一種心理作用。sad悲傷的；angry生氣的；hungry餓的，想吃的；tasty可口的。4．A.expanding B．stretchingC．swinging D．pulling答案：B。句意：他踮起腳尖，盡可能高地伸展腰身，但是甚至腰身拉長到最高高度時(shí)他還是夠不著。expand膨脹，擴(kuò)大；stretch拉長，伸展，伸長；swing擺動(dòng)，搖蕩；pull拖，拉，拽。5．A.strength B．lengthC．range D．height答案：D。由第4小題的解析可知，到了最高高度還是夠不著。strength力氣，優(yōu)點(diǎn)；length長度；range山脈，范圍；height高度。6．A.jump B．lookC．walk D．glance答案：A。由于夠不著，所以只得盡可能高地往上跳。jump跳，蹦；look看；walk走路；glance瞥。由語境知選A項(xiàng)。7．A.tip B．stageC．top D．level答案：C。伸出胳膊去夠蘋果的話，最正確時(shí)機(jī)是跳得最高的時(shí)候，應(yīng)選top“頂端〞。atthetopof...為固定短語，意為“在……的頂端〞。tip尖，尖端；stage時(shí)期，階段，舞臺(tái)；level水平，水準(zhǔn)。8．A.hope B．handC．sight D．reach答案：D。努力了，但仍然夠不著蘋果。outofreach“夠不著〞，符合文意。9．A.put B．standC．get D．hold答案：B。由于夠不著蘋果，小男孩希望有什么東西可以站上去(以增加高度)。由語境知只有B項(xiàng)適宜。10．A.break B．shakeC．take D．strike答案：A。他不想踩在書上。一方面因?yàn)闀粔蚋?，另一方面也是因?yàn)樗幌肱獕睦锩娴臇|西。break弄壞，弄碎；shake搖晃，顫抖，哆嗦；take帶走；strike打，襲擊，敲響，罷工。11．A.up B．forwardC．down D．a(chǎn)round答案：D。要想找到可踩在上面的東西應(yīng)該是環(huán)顧四周，應(yīng)選D。12．A.for B．withC．on D．of答案：B。他希望能幸運(yùn)地找到一架梯子。withluck為固定搭配，意為“幸運(yùn)地，有幸〞。13．A.After B．ThroughC．Without D．Upon答案：C。句意：沒有看見任何可踩的東西，他放棄了，要離開。由句意知選C項(xiàng)。14．A.back B．a(chǎn)wayC．up D．down答案：B。由第13小題的解析知選B項(xiàng)。walkback走回去；walkaway走開；walkup向上走；walkdown向下走。15．A.wishes B．beliefsC．efforts D．goals答案：C。因窮折騰了一陣而餓了，又是那么想摘到蘋果，一想起這些，開始的時(shí)候他很生氣，也很失望。由語境可知只有efforts(努力)符合文意。wish希望；belief信念，信仰；goal目標(biāo)。16．A.thought B．imaginedC．tried D．claimed答案：A。他越這樣想就越不快樂。think想；imagine想像，設(shè)想；try努力，嘗試；claim聲明，認(rèn)領(lǐng)。17．A.Therefore B．HoweverC．Moreover D．Otherwise答案：B。雖然很生氣，但小男孩卻作了反思。故事表達(dá)至此進(jìn)行了轉(zhuǎn)折，此處應(yīng)填表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。therefore因此；however但是；moreover此外，而且；otherwise否那么，要不然。18．A.skilful B．cheerfulC．harmful D．helpful答案：D。俗話說：牛奶撒了，哭也無用。生氣是無濟(jì)于事的。skilful熟練的，技術(shù)好的；cheerful興高采烈的；harmful有害的；helpful有幫助的。19．A.something B．a(chǎn)nythingC．everything D．nothing答案：D。沒有什么方法可以摘到蘋果了，這已是不變的事實(shí)。不過，我們應(yīng)該能夠改變自己內(nèi)心的感受(即別去生氣了)。由此知選D項(xiàng)。20．A.change B．expressC．forget D．describe答案：A。由第19題的解析可知選change(改變)。express表達(dá)；forget忘記；describe描述。短文改錯(cuò)〔共10小題；每題1分，總分值10分〕增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)〔^〕。并在其下面寫出修改后的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線〔/〕劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞后劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1．每處錯(cuò)誤及修改均僅限一詞;2．只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不記分。I’mamiddleschoolstudentnameLiMing.I’mwritingtotellyousomething.RecentlyInoticedmanyofmyclassmatesoftengotothecybercafenearourschool.Iwenttheretoointheotherday.Iwassurprisingtoseemanystudentsplayingcomputergames,watchingfilmsorchat.Somestudentswereeventalkingaboutloveaffairsonline.Onmyopinion,cybercafesshouldbeaplacewhichwecanfindmuchusefulinformations.TheInternetshouldbeawindowtotheoutsideworldratherthanplaceforgames.TheInternetisgoodifwemakegooduseofit.Otherwise,itwillgiveusgreatharm.Sothelocalgovernmentshouldtakemeasuretomakesurethatstudentsusecybercafespositively.參考答案I’mamiddleschoolstudentnameLiMing.I’mwritingtotellyousomething.1．namedRecentlyInoticedmanyofmyclassmatesoftengotothecybercafenearourschool.Iwenttheretoointheotherday.Iwassurprisingtoseemanystudents2,去掉in3.surprisedplayingcomputergames,watchingfilmsorchat.Somestudentswereeven4．chattingtalkingaboutloveaffairsonline.5.inOnmyopinion,cybercafesshouldbeaplacewhichwecanfindmuchuseful5.in6.whereinformations.TheInternetshouldbeawindowtotheoutsideworldratherthan7informationplaceforgames.TheInternetisgoodifwemakegooduseofit.Otherwise,it8aplacewillgiveusgreatharm.Sothelocalgovernmentshouldtakemeasuretomake9．do10measuressurethatstudentsusecybercafespositively.********************************************************結(jié)束Whichissaferstayingathome,travelingtoworkonpublictransport,orworkingattheoffice?Surprisingly,eachofthesecarriesthesamerisk,whichisverylow.However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemicalindustry?Unfortunately,theformeris65timesriskierthanthelatter!Infacttheaccidentrateofworkersinthechemicalindustryislessthanthatofalmostanyofhumanactivity,andalmostassafeasstayingathome.Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthisthatchemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.Fortunately,theyareextremelyrare.ThemostfamousoneshappenedatTexasCity(1947),Flixborough(1974),Seveso(1976),Pemex(1984)andBhopal(1984).Someofthesearealwaysinthemindsofthepeopleeventhoughthelossoflifewassmall.NoonediedatSeveso,andonly28workersatFlixborough.TheworstaccidentofallwasBhopal,whereupto3,000werekilled.TheTexasCityexplosionoffertilizerkilled552.ThePemexfireatastorageplantfornaturalgasinthesuburbsofMexicoCitytook542lives,justamonthbeforetheunfortunateeventatBhopal.Someexpertshavediscussedtheseaccidentsandusedeachaccidenttoillustrateaparticulardanger.ThustheTexasCitywascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate,whichissafeunlessstoredinagreatquantity.TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.TheSevesoaccidentshowswhathappensifthelocalauthoritieslackknowledgeofthedangerontheirdoorstep.Whenthepoisonousgasdriftedoverthetown,localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction.ThePemexfirewasmadeworsebyanoverloadedsiteinanovercrowdedsuburb.Thefiresetoffachainreactionofexplodingstoragetanks.Yet,byamiracle,thetwolargesttanksdidnotexplode.Hadthesecaughtfire,then3,000strongrescueteamandfirefighterswouldallhavedied.9.Accordingtothepassage,thechemicalaccidentthatcausedbythefaultofmanagementhappenedat_________.A.Texascity B.Flixborough C.Seveso D.MexicoCity10.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Workingattheofficeissaferthanstayingathome.B.Travellingtoworkonpublictransportissaferthanworkingattheoffice.C.Stayingathomeissaferthanworkinginthechemicalindustry.D.Workinginthechemicalindustryissaferthantravelingbyair.11.Fromthepassageweknowthatammoniumnitrateisakindof_____.A.naturalgas,whichcaneasilycatchfireB.fertilizer,whichcan'tbestoredinagreatquantityC.poisonoussubstance,whichcan'tbeusedinovercrowdedareasD.fuel,whichisstoredinlargetanks12.Fromthediscussionamongsomeexpertswemayconcludethat_____.A.toavoidanyaccidentweshouldnotrepairthefacilitiesinchemicalindustryB.thelocalauthoritiesshouldnotbeconcernedwiththeproductionofthechemicalindustryC.alltheseaccidentscouldhavebeenavoidedorcontrolledifeffectivemeasureshadbeentakenD.naturalgasstoredinverylargetanksisalwayssafe參考答案/BDBC****************************************************結(jié)束〔B〕Howoftendoyoutravelbyplane?Howmuchelectricitydoyouuse?Thesedayseveryoneisworriedaboutthesizeoftheircarbonfootprint．Inordertoreduceglobalwarmingweneedtomakeourcarbonfootprintssmaller．ButhowmuchCO2areweresponsiblefor?AnewbookbyMikeBernersLee〔aleadingexpertincarbonfootprint〕mightbeabletohelp．HowBadareBananas?TheCarbonFootprintofEverythinglooksatthedifferentthingswedoandbuy,andcalculatestheamountofCO2allofthefollowingcreated:theingredients〔=partsofamixture〕,theelectricityusedinthebrewery,theequipment,thetravelandcommuting〔交換〕ofthebeer,andthepackaging．It’samazinghowmanydifferentthingsneedtobeincludedineachcalculation．Andit’sfrighteninghowmuchcarbondioxideeverythingproduces．Butallofthiscanhelpusdecidewhichbeertodrink．FromBerners-Lee’scalculations,it’sclearthatapint〔568ml〕oflocally-brewedbeerhasasmallercarbonfootprintthanabottleofimportedbeer．Thisisbecausetheimportedbeerhasbeentransportedfromfaraway,anditusesmorepackaging．Thelocalbeeronlyproduces300gofCO2,buttheimportedbeerproduces900g!So,onepintoflocalbeerisbetterfortheenvironmentthanthreecansofcheapforeignlager〔淡啤酒〕fromthesupermarket．Berners-Leehasevencalculatedthecarbonfootprintofcyclingtowork．Nothingismoreenvironmentally-friendlythanridingabike,surely?Well,itdependsonwhatyou’vehadtoeatbefore．Torideabikeweneedenergyandforenergyweneedfood．Soifweeatabananaandthenrideakilometerandahalf,ourfootprintis65gofCO2．However,ifweeatbaconbeforethebikeride,it’s200g．Infact,bananasaregoodingeneralbecausetheydon’tneedpackaging,theycanbetransportedbyboatandtheygrowinnaturalsunlight．So,doesthismeanthatcyclingisbadfortheenvironment?Absolutelynot,forastart,ifyoucycle,youdon’tuseyourcar,andthefewercarsontheroad,thefewertrafficjams．AndcarsintrafficjamsproducethreetimesmoreCO2thancarstravelingatspeed．Cyclingalsomakesyouhealthyandlesslikelytogotoahospital．Andhospitalshaveverybigcarbonfootprints!Somaybeit’stimeforusalltostartmakingsomechanges．Passmeabananaandapintoflocalbeer,please．5．AccordingtoBerners-Lee,whichofthefollowingproducesthemostcarbondioxide？ A．Apintoflocalbeerwedrink． B．Apintofimportedbeerwedrink． C．Abananaweeatbeforeabikeride． D．Thebaconweeatbeforeabikeride．6．Whyarebananasgoodingeneral? A．Theygrownaturally． B．TheyproduceslessCO2． C．Theydon’tneedpackaging． D．Theyprovideenergyforcycling．7．Theunderlinedword“brewery〞inParagraph3mostprobablymeans“___________〞． A．a(chǎn)factorywherebeerismade B．a(chǎn)machinewhichmakesbeer C．a(chǎn)containerwherebeerisstored D．oneofthethingsfromwhichbeerismade8．Tomakeourcarbonfootprintssmaller,weshouldoften___________． A．cycletowork B．drinkmorelocalbeer C．calculatetheamountofCO2 D．buycheapthingsfromthesupermarkets9．What’sthemostsuitabletitleforthepassage? A．Bikes,BeerandBananas B．StartingtoMakeChanges C．HowBigIsYourCarbonFootprint? D．TheCarbonFootprintofEverything參考答案〔B〕BBAAC******************************************************結(jié)束閱讀以下短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)〔A、B、C和D〕中，選出最正確選項(xiàng)。AFromgoodreadingwecanderivepleasure,companionship,experience,andinstruction.Agoodbookmayabsorbourattentionsocompletelythatforthetimebeingweforgetoursurroundingsandevenouridentity.Readinggoodbooksisoneofthegreatestpleasuresinlife.Itincreasesourcontentmentwhenwearecheerful,andlessensourtroubleswhenwearesad.Whatevermaybeourmainpurposeinreading,ourcontactwithgoodbooksshouldneverfailtogiveusenjoymentandsatisfaction.Withagoodbookinourhandsweneedneverbelonely.Whetherthecharactersportrayedaretakenfromreallifeorarepurelyimaginary,theymaybecomeourcompanionsandfriends.Inthepagesofbookswecanwalkwiththewiseandthegoodofalllandsandalltimes.Thepeoplewemeetinbooksmaydelightuseitherbecausetheyresemblehumanfriendswhomweholddearorbecausetheypresentunfamiliartypeswhomwearegladtowelcomeasnewacquaintances.Ourhumanfriendssometimesmayboreus,butthefriendswemakeinbooksneedneverwearyuswiththeircompany.Byturningthepagewecandismissthemwithoutanyfearofhurtingtheirfeelings.Whenhumanfriendsdesertus,goodbooksarealwaysreadytogiveusfriendship,sympathy,andencouragement.Oneofthemostvaluablegiftsbestowedbybooksisexperience.Fewofuscantravelfarfromhomeorhaveawiderangeofexperiences,butallofuscanleadvariedlivesthroughthepagesofbooks.Whetherwewishtoescapefromtheseeminglydullrealitiesofeverydaylifeorwhetherwelongtovisitsomefar-offplace,abookwillhelpuswhennothingelsecan.Totravelbybookweneednobankaccounttopayourway;noairshiporoceanlinerorstream-linedtraintotransportus;nopassporttoenterthelandofourheart'sdesire.Throughbookswemaygetthethrillofhazardousadventurewithoutdanger.Wecanclimbloftymountains,bravetheperilsofanAntarcticwinter,orcrossthescorchingsandsofthedesert,allwithouthardship.