八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)第二單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)

Unit2I'llhelptocleanupthecityparks一、基本知識(shí)點(diǎn)sick生病的，有病的；可在句中作表語(yǔ)Marycouldnotcomebecausesheissick.也可作定語(yǔ)asickchild【區(qū)別ill】ill與sick同義；但是只在句中做表語(yǔ)，不做定語(yǔ)。Marycouldnotcomebecausesheisill.cheer（sb.）up（讓某人）變得高興；振奮起來(lái)Thegoodnewscheeredupeveryoneinourclass.giveout分發(fā)；散發(fā)，相當(dāng)于handout，Theteacherisgivingout/handingoutthetestpapers.givesth.outtosb.意為。volunteer【名詞】志愿者【動(dòng)詞】義務(wù)做，自愿做（某事）volunteertodosth.，Thegirlscouldvolunteerinanafter-schoolstudyprogram.usedtodosth?過去/曾經(jīng)（常）做某事，表示過去的習(xí)慣、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，并強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再存在或發(fā)生。Thereusedtobeacinemahere.Theytoldmestoriesaboutthepastandhowthingsusedtobe.alone【形容詞】獨(dú)自一人的，無(wú)感情色彩：Themusicianenjoyedlivingaloneandwritingsongshimself.lonely（感到）孤獨(dú)寂寞的，帶有很強(qiáng)的感情色彩，可做表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。Thelonelyboyisnotlonelynow.careforsb./sth.照顧；照料care【名詞】小心，關(guān)心takecareof=lookafterf【動(dòng)詞】careaboutsb./sth.關(guān)心，在意某人/事f【形容詞】careful/carelessf【副詞】carefullysuch“這樣的，這種，如此”用于修飾名詞such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞：suchagoodday/suchanexcitingmatchsuch+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞：suchimportantdecisionssuchdeliciousfood如果名詞前被many,much,few,little修飾時(shí)，只能用so,而不用such：somanysickchildren/solittletimetryoutfor...參加…選拔，爭(zhēng)取成為…ThirtyfootballplayerstriedoutfortheBestPlayeroftheyear.tryout試用，試驗(yàn)journey【名詞】（尤指長(zhǎng)途）旅行，行程；trip【名詞】多指短途旅行；travel【名詞、動(dòng)詞】travelaroundtheworldf【名詞】traveler旅行者【復(fù)習(xí)】bebusywithsth.bebusydoingsth.【復(fù)習(xí)】trydoingsth.trytodosth.tryone'sbest（todosth.）【復(fù)習(xí)】beworriedaboutsb./sth.=worryaboutsb./sth.raisemoney集資，籌錢；raisemoneyfor.為……籌錢raise【動(dòng)詞】舉起；提高；募集keep【動(dòng)詞】keep+名詞，保留（某物）；keep+形容詞，保持【形容詞[broken破損的，出毛病的；blind瞎的，失明的；deaf聾的；disabled有殘疾的，喪失能力的在句中做定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)：makeitpossible（forsb.）todosth.使（某人）做某事成為可能,YouhelpedtomakeitpossibleformetohaveLucky.makeit+形容詞（+forsb.）todosth.使（某人）做某事成為…；think/findit+形容詞todosth.makeadifferenceto...對(duì)有影響；對(duì)有作用，difference前可以用no,any,some,much等修飾，如Therainmadenodifferencetothegame.Hard-workingmakesmuchdifferencetostudy.difficulty【可數(shù)/不可數(shù)】表示抽象意義的“困難”時(shí)為不可數(shù)；表示具體的“難題、難事”時(shí)為可數(shù)；havedifficulty（in）doingsth.=havetrouble（in）doingsth.train【動(dòng)詞】訓(xùn)練，trained為過去分詞，可做定語(yǔ)，意為“受過訓(xùn)練的”atraineddogbeexcitedaboutsth.，Everyoneisexcitedaboutthegoodnews.【復(fù)習(xí)】excited意為，在句中做；exciting意為，在句中做。order【名詞】命令，指示；順序，次序【動(dòng)詞】訂購(gòu)；點(diǎn)（菜）followtheorder，。change【動(dòng)詞】變化，改變It'shardforapersontochangehislife（style）.【名詞】變化；零錢changeAforB用A換成B：WhenyoutravelinChina,remembertochangeUSdollarsforRMB.repair【動(dòng)詞】修理，修補(bǔ)；fix【動(dòng)詞】安裝；使固定【fixup修理=repair]

二、重要單詞、短語(yǔ)1.severalGive短語(yǔ)小結(jié)2.satisfaction3.understand4.imagine5.train1.giveup(doing)2.giveout3.giveaway4.giveinUp短語(yǔ)小結(jié)1.giveup4.fixup7.getup10.takeup(doingsth.)2.cleanup5.setup8.stayup(late)3.eupwithOut短語(yǔ)小結(jié)1.eout2.handout4.goout6.hangout8.getoutof三、重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法——?jiǎng)釉~不定式作主語(yǔ)為避免句子的頭重腳輕，常用it作為形式主語(yǔ)，而真正的主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式后置。常用句型：It+be+adj./n.+(for/ofsb.)todosth./Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.作賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞want,decide,hope,ask,agree,choose,learn,plan,need,teach,prepare…常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。作(后置)定語(yǔ)常用于“have/has+sth.+todo"或“enough+名+todo"“It'stimetodosth.'等結(jié)構(gòu)中。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)——tell,ask,want,invite,teach,like,call等可接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成tell/ask/want/call/invitesb.todosth.結(jié)構(gòu)?！咀⒁狻縿?dòng)詞不定式作使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)省去to：“一感(feel),二聽(listento,hear)，三讓(let,make,have,,四看(lookat,see,watch,notice),半幫助(help)”。動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)主要用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞，表示目的，結(jié)果或原因。為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的，有時(shí)可以把動(dòng)詞不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加inorder(to)或soas(to)“為了，目的是”。常用結(jié)構(gòu)有too+adj./adv.+todosth等。固定句式中動(dòng)詞不定式的用法常見的有：hadbetter(not)dosth./Wouldyouliketodosth.?/Whynotdosth.?/Wouldyouplease(not)dosth.等。專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練題一、選擇適當(dāng)答案。1.isdifficulttoworkoutthemathsproblem.2.Wedecidedattheendofthismonth.A.ThisB.ThatC.ItD.ItsA.travelB.notstartoutC.toleaveTheyhavenopaperLethimarest.Ithinkhemustbetiredafterthelongwalk.thecomputerisaproblem.A.HowtouseB.WhattouseC.Wheretouse6.Theteachertoldus1.isdifficulttoworkoutthemathsproblem.2.Wedecidedattheendofthismonth.A.ThisB.ThatC.ItD.ItsA.travelB.notstartoutC.toleaveTheyhavenopaperLethimarest.Ithinkhemustbetiredafterthelongwalk.thecomputerisaproblem.A.HowtouseB.WhattouseC.Wheretouse6.Theteachertoldusinbed.5.A.towriteB.towritewithC.writeonD.goingD.towriteonA.hasB.haveC.tohaveD.WhichtouseA.don'treadB.readnotC.tonotreadD.nottoreadTheoldmanwasangryTheoldmanwasangrysayaword.Whyhometomorrow?TheTVsetistooloud.Willyouplease?It'scoldoutside.Youhadbetteryourcoat.二、用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。A.so,thatB.as,asC.too,toD.very,toA.notgoB.notgoingC.nottogoD.didn'tgoA.turndownitB.turnitdownC.toturnitdownA.toputonB.puttingonC.putsonD.putonIttookhalfanhour(get)totheWorldParkfromKitty'sschool.Itwasinteresting(see)somanyplacesofinterestfromallovertheworld.Theywant(save)timebyusingshorterwordsandphrases.Kitty'sclassmateDani