高中英語必修課-動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語和賓語知識(shí)講解及鞏固練習(xí)題(含答案解析)

高中英語必修課-----動(dòng)詞--ing形式作主語和賓語知識(shí)講解及鞏固練習(xí)題（含答案解析）動(dòng)名詞是非謂動(dòng)詞的又一種形式。它在形式上與現(xiàn)在分詞相同，都是在動(dòng)詞原形的詞末加-ing。在現(xiàn)代語法中，這兩種形式同視為"-ing形式"。這兩種形式的另一個(gè)相同之處是：它們都是由動(dòng)詞變化而成的，它們都保留了動(dòng)詞的某些特征，它們都能帶自己的賓語、狀語，而構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞短語或是現(xiàn)在分詞短語去擔(dān)當(dāng)句子成分。動(dòng)名詞-概述動(dòng)名詞是非限定動(dòng)詞的一種形式，由動(dòng)詞原形+ing特征，故稱。動(dòng)名詞也有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，如表所示（以及物動(dòng)詞物動(dòng)詞沒有語態(tài)的變化。構(gòu)成。它既有動(dòng)詞的特征，又有名詞的write為例），不及時(shí)態(tài)/語態(tài)一般式主動(dòng)被動(dòng)writingbeingwrittenhavingbeenwritten完成式havingwritten動(dòng)名詞-動(dòng)名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)和形式動(dòng)名詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)由not加動(dòng)名詞組成。如：Tryingwithoutsuccessisbetterthannottryingatall.實(shí)驗(yàn)沒有成功也比不實(shí)驗(yàn)好。Hehatedhimselffornothavingworkhard.他悔恨自己沒有用功。I’msorryfornothavingtelephonedyoubefore.很抱歉，沒有早給你打電話。Hefeltsorryfornothavingdonetheworkwell.他為沒有把工作做好感到難過。Ifancyithasdoneyoualotofgoodnotgoing.我看不去對(duì)你倒好了。（notgoing是動(dòng)名詞一般式的否定形式）Thereisnodenyingthefactthatheisdiligent.（nodenying也是動(dòng)名詞一般式的否定）動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)通常情況下，動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語為謂語動(dòng)詞的主語。如果動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者不是謂語動(dòng)詞的主語時(shí)，則需要有自己的邏輯主語----物主代詞或名詞所有格加動(dòng)名詞就構(gòu)成了動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可以作主語，賓語等。（1）邏輯主語是有生命的名詞作主語時(shí)，必須用名詞或代詞所有格，作賓語時(shí)（尤其在口語中），也可用名詞普通格或人稱代詞賓格。如：Doyouthinkmygoingtherewillbeofanyhelp?1你看我去會(huì)有什么幫助嗎？（賓語）Thestudent’sknowingEnglishwellhelpshiminlearningFrench.這位學(xué)生通曉英語對(duì)他學(xué)法語很有幫助。（主語）Doyoumindmy(me)smoking?你介意我抽煙嗎？（賓語）TheyinsistonMary’s(Mary)goingwiththemthere.他們堅(jiān)持要瑪麗跟他們一起去那兒。（介詞賓語）（2）邏輯主語是無生命名詞是，通常只用名詞普通格。如：Doyouheartherainpatteringontheroof?你聽見雨點(diǎn)打在屋頂上了嗎？Isthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthematch?我們對(duì)贏得比賽有希望嗎？(3)邏輯主語是指示代詞或不定代詞this，that,somebody,someone,nobody,none,anybody,anyone時(shí)，只用普通格。如：Shewaswokenupbysomebodyshoutingoutside.她被外面喊叫的人吵醒了。動(dòng)名詞的形式（一般式，完成式和被動(dòng)式）(1)動(dòng)名詞的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之后。如：Weareveryinterestedincollectingstamps.我們對(duì)集郵很感興趣。Hiscomingwillbeofgreathelptous.他來對(duì)我們大有幫助。但是有些明確表示時(shí)間的動(dòng)詞和介詞after,on,upon,或for之后，常用一般式代替完成式，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前。如：IshallneverforgetseeingtheGreatWallforthefirsttime.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記第一看次到長(zhǎng)城的情景。Onhearingthatbadnews,themothercouldn’thelpcrying.一聽到這個(gè)糟糕的消息，母親就禁不住哭了起來。Excusemeforcominglate.我來晚了，請(qǐng)?jiān)?。Thankyouforgivingussomuchhelp.謝謝你給了我們這么多幫助。(2)動(dòng)名詞的完成式所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在謂語動(dòng)詞之前完成或結(jié)束。Heregretsnothavingtakenpartinthework.他后悔沒有參加這項(xiàng)工作。Wewerepraisedforhavingfinishedtheworkaheadoftime.2我們因提前完成了這項(xiàng)工作而受到了表?yè)P(yáng)。(3)動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式：當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語是行為承受者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：Ilikebeinggivenharderwork.我喜歡接受難點(diǎn)的工作。Sheisproudofbeingadmittedintotheuniversity.她為被大學(xué)錄取而感到自豪。Themeetingwasputoffwithouthishavingbeenconsulted.會(huì)議延期并未和他商量。Hedoesn’tmindhavingbeencriticized.他不介意過去受到的批評(píng)。動(dòng)名詞的作用動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，因此在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語等。1、作主語Readingisanart.讀書是一種藝術(shù)。Climbingmountainsisreallyfun.爬山是真有趣。Workingintheseconditionsisnotapleasurebutasuffer.在這種工作條件下工作不是愉快而是痛苦。動(dòng)名詞作主語，有時(shí)先用用。如：it作形式主語，把動(dòng)名詞置于句末。這種用法在習(xí)慣句型中常Itisnouse/nogoodcryingoverspiltmilk.灑掉的牛奶哭也沒用。Itisawasteoftimepersuadingsuchapersontojoinus.勸說這樣的人加入真是浪費(fèi)時(shí)。間Itwashardgettingonthecrowdedstreetcar.上這種擁擠的車真難。Itisfunplayingwithchildren.和孩子們一起玩真好。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.對(duì)這種事情不是開玩笑。動(dòng)名詞作主語的幾種類型動(dòng)名詞可以在句子中充當(dāng)名詞所能充當(dāng)?shù)亩喾N句子成分。在這里僅就動(dòng)名詞在句子中作主語的情況進(jìn)行討論。動(dòng)名詞作主語有如下幾種常見情況：1.直接位于句首做主語。例如：Swimmingisagoodsportinsummer.2.用it作形式主語，把動(dòng)名詞(真實(shí)主語)置于句尾作后置主語。動(dòng)名詞做主語時(shí)，不太常用it作先行主語，多見于某些形容詞及名詞之后。例如：Itisnousetellinghimnottoworry.常見的能用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞還有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile，等。3注意：important，essential，necessary等形容詞不能用于上述結(jié)構(gòu)。3.用于“Therebe”結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：Thereisnosayingwhenhe'llcome.很難說他何時(shí)回來。4.用于布告形式的省略結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：Nosmoking(=Nosmokingisallowed(here)).Noparking.5.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞有自己的邏輯主語時(shí)，?？梢栽谇懊婕由弦粋€(gè)名詞或代詞的所有格，構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(這時(shí)，名詞或代詞的所有格做動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語)。動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)也可以在句中作主語。例如：Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.動(dòng)名詞作與動(dòng)詞不定式作主語的比較動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可以用作主語。在意義上相近。但動(dòng)名詞多用來表示泛指或抽象動(dòng)作，不定式多用來表示特指或具體動(dòng)作。比較：Smokingisnotgoodforhealth.Itisnotgoodforyoutosmokesomuch.注意：1)在口語中，用動(dòng)名詞作主語位于句首的較不定式多見。2)在“Itisnouse...”，“Ittime...”等句型中，通常用動(dòng)名詞作真實(shí)主語：isnogood...”，“Itisfun...”，“ItisawasteofItisnouse/good/awasteoftimetalkingaboutthat.*Itisnouse/good/awasteoftimetotalkaboutthat.3)在疑問句中，通常用動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，而不用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語：Doesyoursayingthatmeananythingtohim？*Doesitforyoutosaythatmeananythingtohim？4)在“Therebe”句型中，只能用動(dòng)名詞，而不能用不定式作主語：Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappen.Itisimpossibletotellwhatwillhappen.5)當(dāng)句子中的主語和表語都是非限定動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要遵循前后一致的原則，主語和表語在形式上要求統(tǒng)一：Seeingisbelieving.*Toseeistobelieve.2、作賓語（1）作動(dòng)詞的賓語某些動(dòng)詞后出現(xiàn)非限定性動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，不能用不定式。常見的此類動(dòng)詞有：advise，allow，permit，avoid，consider，enjoy，finish，giveup，cannothelp，4imagine，include，keep，keepon，mind，miss，putoff，delay，practise，resist，suggest，dependon，thinkabout，setabout，succeedin，worryabout，burstout，insiston，can’tstand，beusedto，getusedto，devote…to…，lookforwardto，payattentionto，getdownto等。如：Theywentonwalkingandneverstoppedtalking.他們繼續(xù)走，說個(gè)不停。Ifounditpleasantwalkingalongtheseashore.在海灘上走真是樂事。（2）作介詞的賓語Wearethinkingofmakinganewplanforthenextterm.我們正考慮為下學(xué)期制定新的計(jì)劃。Shallwehavearestorgetdowntodoingourwork？我們休息呢還是開始干活？（3）作形容詞的賓語Themusiciswellworthlisteningtomorethanonce.這種曲子很值得多聽?zhēng)妆?。Wearebusypreparingforthecomingsportsmeet.我們正為馬上到來的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)忙著做準(zhǔn)備。3、作表語動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)句子主語常是表示無生命的事物的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。表語動(dòng)名詞與主語通常是對(duì)等的關(guān)系，表示主語的內(nèi)容，主語、表語可互換位置。Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows.你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。(Cleaningthewindowsis(Beinglaughedyourtask.)WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.我最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑。atiswhatIhatemost.)4、作定語動(dòng)名詞作定語往往表示被修飾詞的某種用途。如：awalkingstick＝astickforwalking=astickwhichisusedforwalkingawashingmachine=amachineforwashing=amachinewhichisusedforwashingareadingroom=aroomforreading=aroomwhichisusedforreadingameasuringtape=atapeformeasuring=atapewhichisusedformeasuringsleepingpills=pillsforsleeping=pillswhichisusedforsleeping動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語帶有邏輯主語的動(dòng)名詞稱為動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致時(shí)，要在動(dòng)名詞之前加上物主代詞或名詞所有格，這便構(gòu)成了動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其中物主代詞（名詞所有格）是邏輯上的主語，動(dòng)名詞是邏輯上的謂語。動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語、賓語、表語等，分別相當(dāng)于一個(gè)主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句。如：Hercomingtohelpencouragedallofus.他來幫忙鼓舞了我。(=Thatshecametohelpencouragedallofus.)5Jane’sbeingcarelesscausedsomuchtrouble.簡(jiǎn)這么粗心惹來了不少麻煩。Janewascarelesscausedsomuchtrouble.)(=ThatWhat’stroublingthemistheirnothavingenoughfood.煩擾他們的是食物不足。(=Whattroublingthemisthattheyhavenoenoughfood.)在口語中，如果動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，其中的物主代詞常用人稱代詞賓格，名詞所有格常用名詞普通格來代替，但在句首作主語時(shí)不能這樣來代替。如：Wouldyoumindmy/meusingyourcomputer？用下你的電腦介意嗎？Thefatherinsistedonhisson’s/hissongoingtocollege.爸爸堅(jiān)決要求兒子上大學(xué)。Mary’s(不可用Mary)beingillmadehermotherupset.瑪麗病了，使她媽媽很著急。His(不可用Him)smokingmadehisfamilyangry.他抽煙使他一家人非常生氣。在下列情況下動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語必須用名詞的普通格或人稱代詞賓格：a.無命名詞Thebabywasmadeawakebythedoorsuddenlyshutting.這個(gè)嬰兒被猛烈的關(guān)門聲吵醒。b.有生命名詞但表示泛指意義Haveyoueverheardofwomenpractisingboxing？你聽說過婦女練拳擊嗎？c.兩個(gè)以上的有生命名詞列并Doyourememberyourparentsandmetellingaboutthis？你記得你父母和我都告訴過你這事嗎？動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)一般式writing主動(dòng)語態(tài)beingwritten被動(dòng)語態(tài)完成式havingwritten主動(dòng)語態(tài)havingbeenwritten被動(dòng)語態(tài)其否定形式是在doing前加上not1、動(dòng)名詞一般式表示的動(dòng)作通常是一般性動(dòng)作，即不是明確地發(fā)生在過去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作，或是與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：Ihatetalkingwithsuchpeople.我討厭與這樣的人說話。Beingcarelessisnotagoodhabit.粗心不是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣。2、動(dòng)名詞的完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前。如：Idon’trememberhavingmethimbefore.我記不得以前見過他。Thankyouforhavingtakingsomuchtroubletohelp.謝謝你費(fèi)力幫忙。3、動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語同時(shí)也是動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的承受者，動(dòng)名詞用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。（1）它的一般式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或在其前發(fā)生。如：6Idon’tlikebeinglaughedatinpublic.在公共場(chǎng)合下，我不喜歡被別人嘲笑。（2）它的完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前。如：Iamverypleasedatyourhavingbeenhonouredwithamedal.我很高興你能獲得這樣的獎(jiǎng)牌。（3）在某些動(dòng)詞，我們常用動(dòng)名詞的一般式表示完成式，盡管動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前，這似乎是一種強(qiáng)大的習(xí)慣。如：Excusemeforbeinglate.我來晚了請(qǐng)你原諒。Idon’trememberevermeetingsomewhere.我記不得原來在什么地方見過。Thankyouforgivingussomuchhelp.謝謝給我們這么大的幫助。（4）在多數(shù)情況下都避免使用動(dòng)名詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)完成式，而用一般式代替，以免句子顯得累贅，尤其是在口語中。如：Iforgetoncebeingtaken(havingbeentaken)tothecityzoo.我曾被帶到過這個(gè)動(dòng)物園，可我忘了。（5）動(dòng)名詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式與現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式同形，但無進(jìn)行意義，being省略。如：不可Sheisafraidofbeingtakentothepublic.動(dòng)名詞-常見題型她被怕領(lǐng)到大眾面前。1）動(dòng)名詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)2）在動(dòng)名詞和不定式中，作為介詞的賓語是動(dòng)名詞3）動(dòng)名詞的否定直接在其前加否定詞，通過代詞的賓格或所有格形式給出邏輯主語例：Iwouldappreciate_______backthisafternoon.A．youtocallB．youcallC．youcallingD．you’recalling（Key：C；換成yourcalling也對(duì)）4）另外還有一些接-ing形式的常用說法it’snogood；it’sno/little/hardlyany/use；it’snot/hardly/scarcelyuse；it’sworthwhile；spendmoney/time；there’sno；there’snopointin；there’snothingworsethan；what’stheuse/point...【高清課堂】有很多動(dòng)詞后面既可以加上-ing形式，也可以用不定式。如：start,begin,like,love,hate,dislike,goon,stop,remember,forget,mean,regret,try,beafraid等。比較一下這些動(dòng)詞加上動(dòng)名詞和不定式的區(qū)別：start和beginLet’sstart/begintoswim.=Let’sstart/beginswimming.Let’sstartourjourney.Let’sstartthecar.7Wearebeginning/startingtoworkhard.Theygotup,beginning/startingtostudy.like,dislike,love,hate…Welikepaintingintheopenair.Hehatestalkingwithstrangers.Ilovetoshowyouaroundourschool.IlikesingingverymuchbutIdon’tliketosingrightnowwithsomanypeoplearoundme.goontodo和goondoingAftereatingtwoburgers,hewentontotalkabouthisexperienceinNorway.Althoughithasbeentwohours,heisstillgoingontalkingabouthislife.stoptodo和stopdoingThemovieison.Pleasestopmakinganysound.Hedidn’twanttostoptomovebacktoChina.Whathewantstodoistostopbeingsilenttotalkaboutthetruth.remembertodo和rememberdoingIremembersendingtheemail.Idon’tknowwhyhestillhasn’tgotit.Remembertowriteeverydetailonyourpapersothatnothingcanbemissed.forgettodo和forgetdoingIamterriblysorrytohaveforgottentosendtheemail.Iforgotsendingtheemail.(MaybeIdid,maybenot.Iamnotsure.)=IforgotwhetherIsenttheemailornot.Hetotallyforgotthathehadsenttheemail.meantodo和meandoingPleasedon’tcry.Ididn’tmeantohurtyou.Priceofdailyfoodisgoingup,whichmeanspayingmoremoney.regrettodo和regretdoingIregrettosay/totellyou/toinformyouthatyoufailedintheexam.Nowshehasalreadyregrettedmarryingthatrichmanwhowasasoldasherfather.trytodo和trydoingHehasbeentryingtolosesomeweightbutinvain.Trytomakemorefriendsincollege.Hetriedcallinghimbutnooneanswered.beafraidtodo和beafraidofdoingSheisafraidtogointothedarkalleyalone.Theyareafraidoflosingmoremoney.Heisafraidtogobackhomebecauseheisafraidofbeingpunishedbyhisparents.8動(dòng)名詞-動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的同與不同動(dòng)名詞它在形式上與現(xiàn)在分詞相同，都是在動(dòng)詞原形的詞末加-ing。在現(xiàn)代語法中，這兩種形式同視為“-ing形式”。這兩種形式的另一個(gè)相同之處是：它們都是由動(dòng)詞變化而成的，它們都保留了動(dòng)詞的某些特征，它們都能帶自己的賓語、狀語，而構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞短語或是現(xiàn)在分詞短語去擔(dān)當(dāng)句子成分。例如：Speakinginthepublic，hewillsurelybeverycheerful.（現(xiàn)在分詞短語，作狀語）他在公眾場(chǎng)所講話時(shí)總是興高采烈的。Shehatesspeakinginthepublic.（動(dòng)名詞短語，作賓語）她不喜歡在公眾場(chǎng)所講話。區(qū)別：1、動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用于系動(dòng)詞之后作表語，區(qū)別方法是：①作表語的動(dòng)名詞與主語指的是同一件事，此時(shí)系動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于“是”，通常把主語和表語的位置互換，語法和意思不變，例如：Myhobbyisswimming.可改為Swimmingismyhobby.(可將原句中的主語與表語位置互換)②現(xiàn)在分詞作表語主要用以說明主語的性質(zhì)，不能與主語互換位置，例如：Thestoryisinteresting.不可改為：Interesting動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作定語來修飾名詞，兩者的區(qū)別在于：動(dòng)名詞修飾名詞時(shí)主要表示名該詞的用途，而現(xiàn)在分詞修飾名詞時(shí)性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作等。試比較：isthestory.①aswimmingboy和aswimmingsuit前者的意思是“一個(gè)正在游泳的男孩”，即aboywhoisswimming，現(xiàn)在分詞swimmingasuitforswimming，動(dòng)表示被修飾名詞boy的動(dòng)作；而后者的意思是“游泳衣”，即名詞swimming表示suit的用途②asleepingchild和asleepingcar前者的意思是“一個(gè)正在睡覺的孩子”，即achildwhoissleeping，現(xiàn)在分詞sleeping表示被修飾名詞child正處于的狀態(tài)；而后者的意思是“臥車(被用來睡覺的車廂)”，即acarwhichisusedforsleeping，動(dòng)名詞sleeping表示car的用途？動(dòng)名詞-動(dòng)名詞作主語、賓語和表語1）作主語。例如：FightingbrokeoutbetweentheSouthandtheNorth.南方與北方開戰(zhàn)了。2）作賓語a.有些動(dòng)詞可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。例如：admit承認(rèn)appreciate感激avoid避免complete完成consider認(rèn)delay耽誤deny否認(rèn)detest討厭endure忍受enjoy喜歡escape逃脫fancy想象finish完成imagine想象mind介意miss想念postpone推遲practice訓(xùn)練recall回憶resent討厭resume繼續(xù)resist抵抗risk冒險(xiǎn)suggest建議9face面對(duì)include包括stand忍受understand理解forgive寬恕keep繼續(xù)例如：Would點(diǎn)，好嗎youmindturningdownyourradioalittle,please?你把收音機(jī)音量調(diào)小一Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissedbeingcaught.這松鼠幸運(yùn)得很，剛逃避了被逮住的厄運(yùn)。b.有些結(jié)構(gòu)后面可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語或其他成分。例如：admitto,prefer…to,beusedto,leadto,devoteoneselfto,objectto,stickto,nogood,nouse,befondof,lookforwardto,beproudof,bebusy,can'thelpbetiredof,becapableof,beafraidof,thinkof,burstout,keepon,insiston,counton,setabout,putoff,begoodat,takeup,giveup,besuccessfulin3）作表語，對(duì)主語說明、解釋。例如：Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.她的工作是洗刷、清掃和照顧孩子。比較：Sheiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.4）作定語，一般表示所修飾名詞事物的用途。例如：awritingdesk=adeskforwriting寫字臺(tái)aswimmingpool=apoolswimming游泳池有些動(dòng)名詞作定語，與所修飾的名詞關(guān)系比較復(fù)雜。例如：boilingpoint=atemperaturepointatwhichsomethingbeginstoboil沸點(diǎn)awalkingtractor=atractorwhichadrivercanoperatewhileheorsheiswalkingbehindit手扶拖拉機(jī)鞏固練習(xí)完成句子1.Theyhavebeenusedto_____________(同……做斗爭(zhēng)(struggle))allkindsofdifficulties.2.Ourfactory_____________(需要擴(kuò)建)，butwehaven’tenoughmoney.(need)3.Peopleinpoorareahavebeenlookingforwardto__________(擺脫貧窮)。（rid）4.Thecompanyisconsidering_________(出口產(chǎn)品).(export)5.Tomsuggested______________(消減我們的開支)(reduce)becauseoffinancialcrisis.6.It’snouse____________(同他爭(zhēng)論)stubborn.(argue)aboutsuchamatter;heisvery7.Missingthetrainmeans____________(再等一個(gè)小時(shí))。（wait）108.Youare_____________(勸說他是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間)；he’ll(persuade)nevertakeyouradvice.9.Thatnovel,writtenbyfamouswriter---Luxun,__________(值得再讀一遍)（read）10.__________________(裝備自己)tobecomeoutstandingfromtherestisthekeytogetajobsuccessfully.(equip)單項(xiàng)選擇1.Itissaidthathegotlaughedatfor_____.A．hisdishonestB．beendishonestC．beingdishonestD．tobedishonest2.Thelittleboyisluckyenoughtohaveescaped____todeathinthebigfire.A．burningB．tobeburnedC．beingburnedD．tohavebeenburned3.Theparentssuggested___inthehotelroombuttheirkidswereanxioustocampoutduringthetrip.A．sleepB．tosleepC．sleepingD．havingsleptD．beingrepairingD．spend4.Doyouconsideritanygood_____thetruckagain?A．torepairB．repairingC．repaired5.Theyenjoyed_____awonderfuleveningattheCountryClub．B．tospendA．spentC．spending6._____inawell—knownuniversityiswhateverybodywishesfor.A．EducatedB．BeingeducatedC．ToeducateD．Educating7.Itisworthconsideringwhatmakes“convenience”foodssopopular,and______betteronesofyourown.A．introducesB．tointroduceC．introducingD．introduced8.—ShallIstophere？—No．GoA．toreadB．readingon_____，please．C．readD．toreading9.Idon'tfeellike_____tonightasI'msotired．B．IwasgoingtoA．toreadC．readingD．readread10.Theboyisonlyfiveyearsold，butheisquiteused_____thetelephone．A．toanswerB．toansweringC．ofansweringD．byanswering11.Collectingstampsasahobby___________increasinglypopularduringthepastfiftyyears.A．becomesB．becameC．hasbecomeD．hadbecome1112.________madeherstepmotherveryangry.A．Cinderella’smarryingtheprinceC．CinderellamarriedtheprinceB．ThatCinderellawasmarriedwiththeprinceD．Cinderellatobemarriedtheprince13.-----Whathasmadehimupsetrecently?-----_______alonetofaceatroublesomemilkcase.A．LeftB．BeingleftC．HavingleftD．Toleave14.－WhatmadeyousodelightedatChristmas?－__________.A．IreceivedmanymorepresentsthanothersB．BecausemyparentspromisedmeanewcarC．Myuncle’scomingbackfromabroadD．Astherewasanunusualcelebration15.Doyouknowthat_______withwisemenimprovesyourmind?A．chatB．chatsC．chattedD．chatting16.Pleaseexcusemy_________inwithout_________.A．come;askingB．coming;askingD．coming;beingaskedC．tocome;beingasked17.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto______.A．thethiefhavingcaughtC．thethief’sbeingcaughtB．caughtthethiefD．thethieftobecaught18.______afamilyofchimpswakeupisourfirstactivityoftheday.A．WatchB．WatchingC．WatchedD．BeingwatchedD．haveasked19..Doyourememberme____youthatsamequestion?A．toaskB．a(chǎn)skingC．tobeasking20.Tomadmitted______intheexaminationandhewasnotadmitted_____theschoolatlast.A．tocheat;toB．cheating;toC．tocheat;asD．cheating;as答案解析完成句子1.strugglingagainstpoverty2.needstobeexpanded/expanding3.gettingridof4.exportingtheirproducts5.reducingourspending6.arguingwithhim7.waitingforanotherhour8.wastingyourtimepersuadinghim9.iswellworthreadingtwice10.equippingyourself單項(xiàng)選擇1.答案：C解析：for介詞,后接名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的短語或從句。122.答案：C解析：escape后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語；由于主語thelittleboy是burn動(dòng)作的承受者，所以要用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式。3.答案：C解析：本題是考查動(dòng)名詞做賓語。其實(shí)這道題需要記住常見的動(dòng)詞