高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)精品學(xué)案名詞Nouns（無答案）

名詞Nouns定義(Definition):anounisthenameofaperson,placeorthing,orabstractidea.種類(Kinds):專有名詞(propernouns)：指特定的人或事物等的專用名詞。Apropernounisthenameofaparticularperson,placeorthing----anamewhichdistinguishesanindividualperson,placeorthingfromotherpersons,placesorthingsofthesameclass.Apropernounshouldbeginwithacapitalletter.Eg:Henry,Paris,Spain,TheUnitedNations,Monday普通名詞(commonnouns)：指人或事物等所共用的名稱。Acommonnounisanamethatmaybeappliedtoanyperson,place,orthingofthesameclass,ortoamaterialoranidea.Eg:man,city,country,organization,worker,peace.可數(shù)名詞(countablenouns)：可以與不定冠詞或數(shù)詞連用，有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)的變化。Eg:abook，twoboys⑴個體名詞(individualnouns)：指某類人或事物中的個體。Aclassnounisthenameofasingleperson,place,orthingofthesameclass.Itmaybeinsingularorpluralnumber.Eg:table-----tablesstudent------studentsfactory----factories⑵集合名詞(collectivenouns)：指由若干個同類個體組成的，被當(dāng)作一個整體來看待的集合體。Acollectivenounisthenameofanumberofpersons,placesorthings,formingagroup,sothatitisregardedasasinglewhole.Eg:family，class，police，crew，audience，machinery不可數(shù)名詞(uncountablenouns)：不能與不定冠詞或數(shù)詞連用，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。Eg:water,sugar,work.⑴抽象名詞(abstractnouns)：指動作，狀態(tài)，品質(zhì)等抽象概念的名稱。Anabstractnounisthenameofaquality,state,oraction,orofotherabstractideas.Eg:work，life，labor，acting，hatred，strength，health，anger，equality，writing⑵物質(zhì)名詞(materialnouns)：指無法劃分個體的物品的名稱，或也指一類具有共同特點的物品的總稱。Amaterialnounisthenameofamaterialorsubstanceofwhichthingsaremade.Eg:tea，air，milk，snow，furniture，equipment，cotton，fire，rubber，tin，steel，grain，名詞的語法功能thegrammaticalfunctionofnouns：AsthesubjectofasentenceTheboyopenedthedoor.AsthedirectobjectoraverbIsawtheboy.AstheindirectobjectItoldtheboyastory.Asthecomplementofasubject/predicativeHeisacleverboy.AstheprepositionalobjectGivethemoneytoyourbrother.AsanattributeTradedelegationkitchentableAsanadverbialPeterwasplayinglastweek.TheypraisedTommanytimes.We’llstaynextdoor.Note:whenanounisusedasanadverbial,ittakestheformofnounphrase,andonlyafewcanbeusedlikethis.AsanappositiveTheteacherhasgreatconcernforusstudents.AsanindependentelementComeon,ladiesandgentlemen.AsaconjunctionHecalledonmethedayhearrives.Aphotoistakeneachtimethebuttonispushed.名詞的數(shù)（名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成）：名詞的數(shù)可數(shù)名詞個體名詞一般情況，直接加-sgirl—girlshouse---housesGerman--Germans以-s,-x,-ch,-sh結(jié)尾加-es：buses,boxes,branches,brushes,但stomach---stomachs輔音字母+y結(jié)尾：變y為i，再加-escity—citiesstory—storiessky---skies元音字母+y結(jié)尾：直接加-sboyskeysrays5,-f或-fe結(jié)尾①變f(e)為v，再加-esThethievescutalltheleaveswiththeirknivesby.②直接加-sserfs,gulfs，roofs，chiefs,beliefs6,-o結(jié)尾①直接加-sradios,pianos,photos,bamboos,zoos②加-estheheroesboughtsomepotatoesandtomatoesfromtheNegroes③zero,volcano兩者都行。7，單復(fù)數(shù)同形：sheep,deer,fish（表示種類繁多時，用fishes）,Japanese,works(工廠),means（方法）8，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞：trousers,glasses,clothes,thanks,goods,ashes,troops,things,manners,morningexercises注：trousers,glasses前有pairof時，以pair為中心。Thereisapairofglassesonthedesk.9,以-s結(jié)尾的名詞，未必是復(fù)數(shù)：physics,mathematics,theUnitedStates10，復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)：把復(fù)合詞中起主導(dǎo)作用的主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式；如果沒有主導(dǎo)名詞，就把復(fù)數(shù)詞尾加在最后一個詞上。名詞/動名詞/形容詞/副詞+名詞（復(fù)合名詞中無主體名詞）如：bookcases,landladies,addingmachines,blackboards,highways,in-betweens,grown-ups,tooth-brushes,forget-me-nots.名詞+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語/動詞daughters-in-law,lookers-on,husbands-to-be,listeners-inman,woman或由它們構(gòu)成的少數(shù)幾個名詞。兩個詞都要變成復(fù)數(shù)。Menservants,womenservants集體名詞Family,Crowd,Crew,class指整體Myfamilyisabigone.指個體Myfamilyareallfondoffootball.Therich,thepolice當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)Theoldaretakengoodcareofinthevillage.Heistheverymanthepoliceareafter.不可數(shù)名詞抽象名詞Homework,information,knowledge,advice,courage,fun,peace,surprise,populationSomeinformation,apieceofnews,thegiftyougavemeisasurprise.Thepopulationoftheearthisincreasingveryfast.物質(zhì)名詞Food,fruit,furniture,money,clothingAnarticleofclothing.(一件衣服)Fruits(表示各種各樣的水果)具體化常見的不可數(shù)名詞（注意其中有許多名詞在一定的語言環(huán)境中也可以作可數(shù)名詞）包括所有類似物在內(nèi)的總稱：baggage,cash現(xiàn)金,change零頭，找頭,clothing,food,garbage垃圾,hardware金屬器具,jewelry珠寶,junk廢棄物,luggage,machinery機械,mail郵件,makeup化裝品,postage郵資,scenery風(fēng)景,traffic交通,money,furniture.流體：blood血（液）,gasoline汽油,milk,oil,sauce醬油,soup,vinegar醋,dew露水,sweat汗水.固體：bread,butter,cheese,meat,gold,iron,silver,paper,wood,cotton棉花,wool,stone.氣體：steam,air,nitrogen氮,oxygen,smoke煙,smog煙霧,顆?；蛭⒘＃簉ice,chalk,corn,dirt污物,dust灰塵,hair,pepper胡椒,salt,sand,sugar糖,wheat,grain谷物.抽象名詞：courage勇氣,education,enjoyment享樂,fun樂趣,happiness,health,help,honesty誠實,hospitality殷勤,importance,intelligence智力,justice正義,knowledge,laughter笑,luck,music,patience,peace,pride,progress,recreation娛樂,sleep,truth,violence暴力,wealth,advice,information,news,evidence證據(jù)，跡象,proof證據(jù),time,space,energy,homework,work,beauty美麗.語言：grammar,slang俚語,vocabulary,Arabic阿拉伯語,Chinese,English.學(xué)科：chemistry,engineering工程學(xué),history,literature,mathematics,geography.娛樂：baseball,bridge橋牌,chess,poker撲克,soccer,tennis.自然現(xiàn)象：wind,fire,fog霧,hail雹,heat,humidity濕度,lightning,rain,sleet雨夾雪,snow,thunder雷,weather.動名詞：driving,studying,printing.名詞的格表示有生命東西的名詞，所有格一般在名詞后加’s其構(gòu)成如下：一般名詞后加’sTom’sbook以-s或-es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格，只在名詞右上方加’如：theworkers’club,theclothes’pocket以-s結(jié)尾的專用名詞所有格，以讀音|z|結(jié)尾的，一般可在名詞右上方加’也可加’s其讀音分別為|z|,|iz|如：Engles’/Engles’sworks復(fù)合名詞的所有格加在最后一個詞上’shisson-in-law’sphoto,thecommander–in–chief’suniform如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩個人共有，則只在后一個名詞加’s；如果不是共有的，則兩個名詞后都要加’s如：JaneandMary’sroom（共有）Jane’sandMary’sroom（不共有）在表示“某人家”，“店鋪”的名詞所有格后面，一般省略它所修飾的名詞。如：atMrGreen’s在格林先生家，tomyuncle’s到我叔叔家，atthetailor’s在裁縫店，atthebarber’s在理發(fā)店，atdoctor’s在診所無生命的東西的名詞，通常采用of+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系。如：thegateoftheschool,thewindowoftheroom,thetitleofthefilm,thetopofthehouse.有些表示時間，距離，國家，城市，團體，機構(gòu)等無生命東西的名詞，也可以加’s來構(gòu)成所有格。如：today’spaper,twoweek’stime,twentymiles’journey,China’sindustry,theworld’shistory,eightpounds’weight,sixdollars’worth.在表示所屬物的名詞前有冠詞，數(shù)詞，不定代詞或指示代詞時，常用of+所有格的形式來表示所有關(guān)系。如：afewfriendsofLi’s,thatbookofWuDong’s說明：名詞普通格作定語往往是表示①地點，②時間，③材料，④用途，⑤類別，⑥內(nèi)容，⑦對象，⑧功能，⑨性別等。如：Londonhotel,eveningsuits,adiamondring,agasstation,amodelworker,asportsmeet,theheadengineer,mothercrocodile.當(dāng)名詞作定語時，幾乎總是用單數(shù)。Acarfactory.也有例外：sports,customs,arms,clothes,sales,goods,accounts.Asportscar賽車；accountsdepartment會計部門；agoodstrain貨車；aclothesshop服裝店Man/woman+noun.變復(fù)數(shù)時，作定語的名詞和中心名詞都要變復(fù)數(shù)。名詞作定語與形容詞作定語的區(qū)別：名詞作定語表①地點，②時間，③材料，④用途，⑤類別，⑥內(nèi)容，⑦對象，⑧功能，⑨性別等：aneveningdress晚禮服；astonebridge;astorybook;adiamondring;BeijingUniversity.而形容詞作定語表特點和狀態(tài)：asnowman一個雪人asnow–coveredmountain一座被雪覆蓋的山adustbag一條裝灰塵的袋子adustybag一條布滿灰塵的袋子agoldmedal一塊金牌agoldenmedal一塊金色的獎牌所有格作定語，表示所屬關(guān)系。如：thegirl’sfriend（那女孩的朋友）,agirlfriend（一位女朋友）表性別。試題集Thesoldiercovered500_______.A.mileB.milesC.kilometerThehunterrantoagroupof______with_____.A.wolves;knifesB.wolfs;knifesC.wolves;knivesD.wolfs;knivesWeregard______as_____.A.Negroes;heroB.Negroes;heroesC.Negros;heroesD.Negros;herosAlicecameinwithtwo_____inherhand.A.brushB.brushsC.brushesD.abrushHowmany______arethereinthearea.A.factorysB.factoriesC.factoryesD.factoryWhenthegirlcaughtsightofthe____shegaveascream.A.mousesfieldB.fieldmousesC.fieldmiceD.micefieldHowmany_____didyousee?______.A.sheep;NooneB.sheeps;NoneC.sheep;NoneD.sheep;NotmanyWeare_____.Theytwoare______.AChinese;GermansB.Chineses;GermenC.Chinese;GermenD.Chinese;GermanTherearefive_______inourfactory.A.womandriversB.womendriversC.womandriverdriver________searchingforarobber.A.ApoliceisB.ThepoliceisC.ApolicehasbeenD.ThepoliceareTheastronautswerebusymaking______forthehistoricflighttothemoon.A.preparingB.apreparationC.preparationsD.preparation“Whatwouldyoulike,sir?”“_____”.A.TwocupscoffeeB.TwocupsofcoffeeC.TwocoffeesD.TwocupofcoffeesShehadbeautifulblacklong_____butIcouldseesomewhite______.A.hairs;hairB.hair;hairsC.hairs;hairsD.hair;hairIopenedtheletterandtherewas______.A.animportantinformationB.manyimprovedinformationsC.someimportantinformationD.importantinformation__camethatProfessorWangwoulddropinonhiswayheretohave_____withme.A.Word;awordB.Aword;wordC.Words;wordsD.Theword;awordWhoseumbrellaisthis?Canitbe_____?A.MaryB.MarysC.Mary’sD.Marys’“Arethesebooksyours?”“No,theyare_____.”A.AliceandBettyB.AliceandBetty’sC.Alice’sandBettyD.Alice’sandBetty’sDoyouknow_______telephonenumber?A.GreensB.theGreens’C.theGreen’sD.MrGreens’I’llcallat_______afterschooltoday.A.mysister’sB.theSmith’sC.theSmithsD.thedoctorHewants_______.A.yesterdaypaperB.yesterday’spaperC.paperofyesterdayD.paperofyesterday’sThe______is20metreslong.A.wallofstoneB.stonewallC.wallforstoneD.stone’swallMissSmithisafriendof______.A.Mary’smother’sB.Mary’smotherC.Mother’sofMaryD.Marymother’sIwant______.A.amapofChinaB.mapofChinaC.amapofChina’sD.amapoftheChina_______workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople’slivingstandard.A.ManyB.AgreatmanyC.AlargenumberofD.AgreatdealofHedroppedthe_____andbrokeit.A.cupofcoffeeB.coffee’scupC.cupforcoffeeD.coffeecupHegainedhis______byprinting_____offamouswriters.A.wealth;workB.wealths;worksC.wealths;workD.wealth;worksShesaid,“Thenicestroominthehouseisthe______bedroom.”A.childs’B.children’sC.childrens’D.children_______isdevelopingwithgreatspeed.A.ChineseindustryB.ChinaindustryC.China’sindustryD.IndustryofChinaHowmany_______thereinyourfamily?A.peoplehasB.peoplesareC.peopleareD.peopleis______istoomuchfortheboytocarry.TheboxofweightB.TheweightoftheboxC.Thebox’sweightD.Theboxweight______isnotalongwaytodrive.A.Three-mile-distanceB.Threemiles’distanceC.Three-miles-distanceD.ThreemilesdistanceThelittlegirlhadalotof_____todoeveryday.A.jobsB.worksC.homeworksShebrokea_______whilewashingup.A.glassforwineB.glasswineC.wineforglassD.wineglassDefeatafterdefeatfilleduswithdespair,buthewasin_______hissenses.A.possessionsofB.possessionofC.possessiontoD.thepossessionofTherearethree_______teachersandfive______studentsoverthere.A.woman;girlB.women;girlsC.woman;girlsD.women;girlThepolicemanaskedthementoshowthe________.A.paperB.papersC.pieceofpaperD.piecesofpapersSorry,butIhappentohaveno_______onme.A.smallchangesB.asmallchangeC.anysmallchangeD.smallchangeThisis______toanend.A.somemeanB.ameansC.ameanD.meansWemustn’tlose_______evenwhentherainwashesawayalltheplants.A.heartB.heartsC.theheartsD.ourheartsCouldyoufindananswertoyourprobleminthebookIgaveyou?Ilookedatit,butitwasn’treally________.A.muchusedB.abletouseC.ofusefulD.ofmuchuseThe______wesawyesterdaycomeouttothefarmonceinawhile.A.cowB.dogC.deerD.horseItis_______thatwearegoingoutingtomorrow.A.niceweathersoB.soniceaweatherC.tooniceweathersoD.suchniceweatherLiMing’shandwritingisbetterthan______intheclass.A.anyone’sB.anyoneelseC.anyoneelse’sD.anyone’selse’sTherearefour______inourworkshop.A.Zhang’sB.Zhangs’C.ZhangsD.ZhangShehasagood______andsingsbeautifully.A.noiseB.soundC.voiceD.throatFour_______arevisitingourschoolnow,andtwoofthemof______.A.Russians;policemenB.Russians;policemanC.Russianmen;policemenD.Russian;policemanWewillworkforthepeopleallour_______.A.lifesB.livesC.liveD.lifeMr.Smithlooksveryhappytoday.Hehasgot______goodnewsfromhome.A.manyB.muchC.quiteafewD.afewTheyare_______.A.growns-upB.grown-upsC.grown-upD.growns-upsAfterclimbingfortwohoursweweregladtotake______rest.A.afewminute’sB.afewminutes’C.alittleminutesD.alittleminute’sHefoundmanybonesamong_______.A.theashB.theashesC.ashD.ashesTherewasasmall______ofsugarinthecup.A.amountB.numberC.someD.pieceThereisa______betweentwoactsintheplay.A.stopB.timeC.breakD.endIt’s_______toplaywithjust________formostchildren.apleasure,sandB.pleasure;sandsC.agreatpleasure;sandsD.greatpleasure;sandsIwonderwhosebicycleitis.Itmightbemy______.A.neighbour’sB.dearneighbourC.neighbourWehaveworkedouttheplanandnowwemustputitinto______.A.factB.realityC.practiceD.deedFatherwenttohisdoctorfor_______abouthishearttrouble.A.anadviceB.adviceC.advicesD.theadvicesIsthatbridgemadeof_______?Yes,itismadeof1,500huge_____.A.stones;stoneB.stones;stonesC.stone;stoneD.stone;stonesInautumnthe______ofthecottagearecoveredwithfallen_____.A.roves;leafsB.roofs;leafsC.roves;leavesD.roofs;leavesTherewere_____underthetree.threebasketofapplesB.threebasketsofappleC.threebasketapplesD.threebasketsofapplesYoumust_____ifyoupromisedtotakeyourchildtothezoo.A.getinawordB.keepyourwordC.ke