2022-2023學(xué)年陜西省商洛市山陽(yáng)中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期一模英語(yǔ)試題

22/2221/22/2023屆高三?？加⒄Z(yǔ)試卷考生注意：1.本試卷共150分?？荚嚂r(shí)間120分鐘。2.請(qǐng)將試卷答案填在答題卷上。3.本試卷主要考試內(nèi)容：高中英語(yǔ)綜合。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthemandecidetodo?A.Gotoworkonfoot.B.Takeasightseeingtrip.C.Startworkearlierthanusual.2.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Hedidnotattendtoday’sclass.B.Hisnotesarenoteasytoread.C.Hishandwritingisexcellent.3.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthecamera?A.Itmustbemissing.B.Itwasleftintheroom.C.Sheplaceditonthedressingtable.4.Whydoesthewomantalktotheman?A.Toaskfortheconferencetopic.B.Tomaketheconferenceschedule.C.Toaskfortipsonchoosingabook,5.WhatistherelationshipbetweenthemanandMike?A.Strangers.B.Colleagues.C.Classmates.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A.Quitherjob.B.Takesomemedicine.C.Stoptypingforaperiodoftime.7.Whatistroublingthewoman?A.Shecouldn’tbecured.B.Shedoesn’ttrustthedoctor.C.Shecan’tbalanceworkandrest.聽(tīng)第7段材料,回答第8至10題。8.Whatdoweknowaboutthismannedflightmission?A.Itisthehardestmission.B.Ittravelsatthefastestspeed.C.Ithasthelongeststayingtime.9.Whatdoastronautsdotopassthetime?A.Playtennis.B.Playinstruments.C.Playcards.10.Whatdothewoman’sfinalwordsmean?A.Womenareasexcellentasmen.B.Womenundertakemorethanmendo.C.Womenarelesssuitableinflightmission.聽(tīng)第8段材料,回答第11至13題。11.Whatdidthemanfailtodolasttime?A.Repairthewoman’scomputer.B.Findabuyerforthebike.C.Takeapictureofthewoman.12.Whydoesthewomanwanttosellherbike?A.Sheseldomusesit.B.Sheneedsanewone.C.Itisinpoorcondition.13.Howwillthewomansellthebike?A.Bysellingittoasecond-handstore.B.Byadvertisingitinanewspaper.C.Byputtinganadvertisementonline.聽(tīng)第9段材料,回答第14至17題。14.Whatwastheman’sproblem?A.Hefailedtheexam.B.Hemissedhisoldfriends.C.Hehadnopocketmoney.15.Whatdoesthemanthinkoftheclub?A.Ithelpedhimalot.B.Ittookupmuchofhistime.C.Itearnedhimlotsofmoney.16.Whydoesthemansuggestaletterboxoutsidetheclub?A.Tomaketheclubmorepopular.B.Tokeepintouchwiththewoman.C.Toattractmorepeopletovisittheclub.17.Whoisthewoman?A.Theman’steacher.B.Theman’smother.C.Theman’sfriend.聽(tīng)第10段材料,回答第18至20題。18Whatismentionedasamostcommondangerwhenpeoplegotravellingabroad?A.Theft.B.Aircrashes.C.Cheat.19.Whatisthemostimportantthingtodowhenpeoplepreparefortheirtripabroad?A.Learningthelocalcustoms.B.Havingtherightdocuments.C.Bookingticketswellinadvance.20.Whatdoesthespeakersuggestpeopledowhentheyarriveattheirdestination?A.Contacttheiragent.B.Useofficialtransport.C.Getaliftifpossible.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheJamesCASLF111First-SemesterFrenchThisisforstudentswhohaveneverstudiedFrenchincludinggrammar,conversationprac-tice,writtenexercisesanddirectedcompositions.Lab1isrequired.Tuition:$1,800Duration:July1-July15Time:MondaytoWednesday9am-11:30amCASLF112Second-SemesterFrenchTheCASLF111examinationresultisrequired.ThisisacontinuationoftheCASLF111basictext:grammar,conversation,compositionsandadditionalreadings.Lab1isrequired.Tuition:$1,800Duration:July16-July31Time:MondaytoWednesday9am-11:30amCASLF211Third-SemesterFrenchTheCASLF112examinationresultisrequired.Ifyouwanttostrengthenyourskillsingrammarandconversation,don’tmissit.Literaryreadings,listeningtonovelsinthelanguagelaboratoryanddiscussionsinclassareincluded.Lab2isrequired.Tuition:$2,000Duration:August1-August15Time:ThursdaytoSaturday11am-1pmCASLF212Fourth-SemesterFrenchTheCASLF211examinationresultisstillamust.Likethethreeabove,thewholeclassisalsoinstructedinFrench.You’llcontinueCASLF211grammarreview,conversationandcompositions,learningselectionsfrommodernliterature,listeningtonovelsinthelaboratoryanddiscussionsinclass.Lab1isrequired.Tuition:$2000Duration:August16-August31Time:ThursdaytoSaturday11am-1pm1.WhatisspecialaboutCASLF111First-SemesterFrench?A.Itlaststhelongesttime.B.Itincludesthenovelreadingteaching.C.Itgoeswithadvancedteachingfacilities.D.ItissuitableforstudentsnotlearningFrench.2.Whichcourseisconductedinadifferentlaboratory?A.CASLF111First-SemesterFrench.B.CASLF112Second-SemesterFrench.C.CASLF211Third-SemesterFrench.D.CASLF212Fourth-SemesterFrench.3.Whatdothecourseshaveincommon?A.TheyareinstructedinFrench.B.Theytakeplaceinthemorning.C.Theyemploydiscussions.D.Theyincludeentranceexams.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了詹姆斯格迪斯語(yǔ)言中心法語(yǔ)課程的安排?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“CASLF111First-SemesterFrench(CASLF111第一學(xué)期法語(yǔ))”部分中的“ThisisforstudentswhohaveneverstudiedFrench(這是為從未學(xué)過(guò)法語(yǔ)的學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備的)”可知，第一學(xué)期法語(yǔ)針對(duì)的是沒(méi)有學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)法語(yǔ)的學(xué)生。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“CASLF211Third-SemesterFrench(CASLF211第三學(xué)期法語(yǔ))”中的“Lab2isrequired.(實(shí)驗(yàn)室二是必需的。)”可知，第三期法語(yǔ)課程在教室二，其余課程均在教室一。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“CASLF212Fourth-SemesterFrench(CASLF212第四學(xué)期法語(yǔ))”中的“Likethethreeabove,thewholeclassisalsoinstructedinFrench.(像上面三個(gè)一樣，整個(gè)班級(jí)也用法語(yǔ)授課。)”可知，四個(gè)課程均用法語(yǔ)授課。故選A項(xiàng)。BMymotherat85wasquick,withgoodvisionandsharpreactionforherage,butonedaysheknockedintothreeparkedcarsonasupermarketparkinglot.Weneverfoundoutexactlyhowithappened,buttheinvestigatorsfiguredMomhittheacceleratorinsteadofthebrake.Momwaslucky,eventhoughshespenttwoweeksinthehospital.ButweunwillinglyconcludedthatitwastimetotakeawayMom’scarkeys.Tearsrandownhercheeks.Ithinksheneverfeltolduntilthatmoment,whenItookawaytheindependenceprovidedbythecar.Inthedaysthatfollowed,wesuggestedshetaketaxistoshop,butshewouldn’tdoit.Fortunately,shelivedinthecityandquicklyslippedintothehabitoftakingthebus.Shebegantoenjoyhernewlife.Butmostoldpeoplehavenoconvenientpublictransportationorshopswithinwalkingdistance.Weseemedtohavemadearightdecision.Butistragedylikethatareasontotakeawaythecarkeysoftheelderly?Ithinknot.Agedoesn’tnecessarilyproveanything.Slowerreactionsornot,seniorcitizensaremuchbetterthanteenagers.Theyusuallydrivemoreslowly.Theygethonkedatalot,buttheirslowerspeedreducestheriskofdeathanddestruction.Theworstrisk-takersonthehighwayareyoungmenbetweentheagesof18to25,butnoonesuggeststakingawaytheirkeysorraisingthedrivingageto26.Thedeathrateinthepastyearformotoristsbetween16and20,accordingtotheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration,wasmorethandoublethatfordriversover70.Theoldercitizenwhotriestoavoiddangerislikelytotakepersonalresponsibilitymoreseriouslythanayoungerpersonwhocausesdangerthroughpartyingandrisk.So,letGrannydrive.Roadageisalotlessdangerousthanroadrage.4.WhywasMomsadwhenhercarkeysweretakenawayaccordingtotheauthor?A.Shewasmisunderstood.B.Shehadtowalktoshop.C.Sherealizedshewasold.D.Shewasseriouslyinjured.5.WhatdidtheauthorthinkoftakingawayMom’scarkeysfinally?A.Influential.B.Unreasonable.C.Meaningful.D.Unimportant.6.Whichofthefollowingopinionsdoestheauthorsupport?A.It’snecessarytoraisethedrivingageto20.B.Peopleunder26shouldbeforbiddentodrive.C.Bothseniorandyoungdriversliketakingriskswhiledriving.D.Seniorsshouldn’tbebannedfromdrivingbecauseoftheirage.7.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Thelegalagefordriving.B.Whyyoungdriverstakerisks.C.TheaccidentcausedbyMom.D.Whethertheelderlycandrive.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。本文通過(guò)85歲的媽媽開(kāi)車(chē)發(fā)生事故，作者拿走了媽媽的車(chē)鑰匙的故事展開(kāi)討論，到底老年人能不能開(kāi)車(chē)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Tearsrandownhercheeks.Ithinksheneverfeltolduntilthatmoment,whenItookawaytheindependenceprovidedbythecar.(眼淚順著她的臉頰流下來(lái)。我想她從來(lái)沒(méi)有覺(jué)得自己老了，直到我?jiàn)Z走了汽車(chē)提供的獨(dú)立性的那一刻。)”可知，當(dāng)媽媽的車(chē)鑰匙被拿走時(shí)，她之所以會(huì)難過(guò)，是因?yàn)樗庾R(shí)到自己老了。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段中“Weseemedtohavemadearightdecision.Butistragedylikethatareasontotakeawaythecarkeysoftheelderly?Ithinknot.Agedoesn’tnecessarilyproveanything.(我們似乎做了一個(gè)正確的決定。但這樣的悲劇能成為奪走老人車(chē)鑰匙的理由嗎？我認(rèn)為不是。年齡不一定能證明什么。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為他們的決定是不合情合理。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段中“IthinknotAgedoesn’tnecessarilyproveanything.Slowerreactionsornot,seniorcitizensaremuchbetterthanteenagers.Theyusuallydrivemoreslowly.Theygethonkedatalot,buttheirslowerspeedreducestheriskofdeathanddestruction.Theworstrisk-takersonthehighwayareyoungmenbetweentheagesof18to25,butnoonesuggeststakingawaytheirkeysorraisingthedrivingageto26.(我認(rèn)為年齡并不能證明什么。不管反應(yīng)慢不慢，老年人都比青少年好得多。他們通常開(kāi)得比較慢。他們經(jīng)常被催促，但他們較慢的速度降低了死亡和破壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。在高速公路上最冒險(xiǎn)的是年齡在18到25歲之間的年輕人，但沒(méi)有人建議拿走他們的鑰匙或把開(kāi)車(chē)年齡提高到26歲)”，可知，老年人不應(yīng)該僅僅因?yàn)槟挲g就被禁止開(kāi)車(chē)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，作者由高齡母親不被允許開(kāi)車(chē)一事展開(kāi)思考，討論老年人是否能開(kāi)車(chē)這一問(wèn)題。故選D項(xiàng)。CBytheyear2050,Earth’spopulationisexpectedtoreachnearly10billionpeople.Withthisgrowthcomesasurprisingdemandforfoodresources.Tofindaneffectiveway,todealwiththeglobalfoodsafetycrisis,EnterX,AlphabetInclaunchedProjectMineral,whichfocuseson“computationalagriculture”,atermtodescribenewtechnologiesthatwillfurtherin-creaseunderstandingabouttheplantworld.Canamachinebetaughttounderstandtheplantworld?Afteryearsofwork,ProjectMineralleaderElliotGrantandhisteam’slatestprototype(原型)—aplant-scanningrobot-willturnupattheSmithsonian’s“Futures”exhibitionlaterthisyear.Thefour-wheeledplantrobot,aboutastallasashippingcontainerandaswideasacar,‘usesdifferentcamerasandothertechnologytomonitorandfindpossibleproblemswithplants.Asitrollsthroughthefarmland,itcanidentifyweeds,andmeasuretheripenessoffruits.TheMineralrobotcanbecometallertotakepicturesofwheatplants,orwidentoscanabroadbedofcrops.What’smore,whentherobotmeetswithdifferentsituationsoutinthefield,itcanaccuratelyidentifyspecificcrops,traitsordiseases.MineralhaspartneredwithafarmerinthePhilippineswhoishelpingtheteamstudydiseasesinbananas.Imagesofdiseasedbananaswillbeusedtoteachtherobothowtodetectdiseases.Therobotalsotakespicturesofflowersandthenusesthemachinelearningmodeltocountaplant’sfloweringspeed,whichisimportanttounderstandhowaplantrespondstoitsenvironmentandpredicttheyields.Besides,therobotcanmeasureallkindsofleafsizesanddetectgreenness.Thoughtherobothascomealongwayfromitsorigin,it’sstillaprototype,Mineralstressesthatthey’reconstantlyimprovingandworkingcloselywithexpertsintheagriculturalfieldtounderstandplantsfurther.8.WhatisthepurposeofProjectMineral?A.Tofighttheglobalfoodsafetycrisis.B.Tofindsolutionstocropdiseases.C.Toimproveaplant-scanningrobot.D.Tosolvethepopulationproblems.9.WhatisafeatureoftheMineralrobot?A.Itpowersitself.B.Itmoveswithlegs.C.Itlookslikeaship.D.Itcanadjustitself.10WhatcantheMineralrobotdo?A.Growplantsonitsown.B.Helpfightinsects.C.Detectcropdiseases.D.Removebadfruits.11.HowdoestheMineralrobotpredictcropyields?A.Byobservingtheripenessoffruits.B.Bycalculatinghowfastplantsflower.C.Byanalyzingtheshapeofplants’leaves.D.Byanalyzingimagesofdiseasedplants.【答案】8.A9.D10.C11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了Alphabet公司推出的新項(xiàng)目“礦物項(xiàng)目”，用于應(yīng)對(duì)全球食品安全危機(jī)。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Tofindaneffectiveway,todealwiththeglobalfoodsafetycrisis,EnterX,AlphabetInclaunchedProjectMineral,whichfocuseson“computationalagriculture”,(為了找到一種有效的方法來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)全球食品安全危機(jī)，Alphabet公司推出了“礦物項(xiàng)目”)”可知，礦物項(xiàng)目的目的是應(yīng)對(duì)全球食品安全危機(jī)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“TheMineralrobotcanbecometallertotakepicturesofwheatplants,orwidentoscanabroadbedofcrops.(Mineral機(jī)器人可以變高以拍攝小麥植株，也可以變寬以掃描廣闊的作物床。)”可知，該機(jī)器人可以進(jìn)行自我調(diào)整。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“What’smore,whentherobotmeetswithdifferentsituationsoutinthefield,itcanaccuratelyidentifyspecificcrops,traitsordiseases.(更重要的是，當(dāng)機(jī)器人在野外遇到不同的情況時(shí)，它可以準(zhǔn)確地識(shí)別特定的作物、性狀或疾病。)”可知，該機(jī)器人能識(shí)別農(nóng)作物的病害。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Therobotalsotakespicturesofflowersandthenusesthemachinelearningmodeltocountaplant’sfloweringspeed,whichisimportanttounderstandhowaplantrespondstoitsenvironmentandpredicttheyields.(機(jī)器人還會(huì)拍攝花朵的照片，然后使用機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)模型來(lái)計(jì)算植物的開(kāi)花速度，這對(duì)于了解植物對(duì)環(huán)境的反應(yīng)和預(yù)測(cè)產(chǎn)量非常重要。)”可知，該機(jī)器人通過(guò)計(jì)算植物開(kāi)花速度來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)其結(jié)果的數(shù)量。故選B項(xiàng)。DParentshavelongbeensubjecttotheopinionsofothers,someofwhichincludejudgmentsaboutthenumberoftoystheyshouldprovidefortheirchildren.Somesuggestmoretoysshowchildrentheyaremoreloved,whileothersarguemoretoysisoverkillandapoorsubstituteforparentalattention.Doourkidsreallyneedsomanytoys?AUSresearchteamattheUniversityofToledohasconductedasimpleexperimenttotestcreativityinkidsplayingwithtoys.Intheexperiment,parentswereaskedtobringkidstoaplayareawherethelittleonesweregiveneitherfourtoysor16toystoplayalonewithfor30minutes.Eachofthe36kidswhoparticipatedwasobservedbytheresearcherswhowereinsearchforactivitiesthatcouldbecountedascreative.Theresearchersfoundthatthekidsplayingwithfourtoysengagedinmorecreativeactivtiesthanthekidswhohad16toystochoosefrom.Theyalsofound,unsurprisingly,thatkidswithfewerchoicestendedtoplaywitheachofthetoysavailabletothemforalongeramountoftime.Muchofthatadditionaltimewastakenupwithfindingnewwaystoplaywiththem.Theresearchersarenotsuggestingthatchildrenshouldhavefewertoysoverall-instead,theyaresuggestingthatchildrenshowmorecreativityiftheyonlyhavethechoiceofplayingwithjustafewofthematatime.Theybelieveparentsshouldkeepmostoftheirchildren’stoyslockedawaywhiletheirkidsplaywithasmallpartatanygiventime.Lotsoftoysmaycurbkids’creativityandfocus,makingitmoredifficulttogetthemostoutofanyonetoy-fewertoysnudge(推動(dòng))themtowardsresourcefulness.12.Howdidtheresearchersconducttheexperiment?A.Byorganizingaparent-childactivity.B.Byreferringtopreviousdata.CByobservingsubjects’behavior.D.Byinterviewingmanyparents.13.Whatdidtheresearchersfindfromtheexperiment?A.Childrenwithfewertoysweremorelikelytofeelalone.B.Childrenweremorecreativewhileplayingwithfewertoys.C.Childrenenjoyedspendingmuchoftheirtimefindingtoys.D.Childrenwithmoretoysfocusedoneachoneforalongertime.14.Whatdotheresearcherssuggestparentsdoabouttoys?A.Keeplessthanfourtoysathome.B.Playtoystogetherwiththeirkids.C.Donotbuymoretoysfortheirkids.D.Givetheirkidsfewertoyseachtime.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“curb”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Inspire.B.Limit.C.Bring.D.End.【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究表明，每次給孩子少一點(diǎn)玩具可以激發(fā)孩子們的創(chuàng)造力?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Eachofthe36kidswhoparticipatedwasobservedbytheresearcherswhowereinsearchforactivitiesthatcouldbecountedascreative.(研究人員觀察了36名參與研究的孩子，他們?cè)趯ふ铱梢运阕鲃?chuàng)造性的活動(dòng)。)”可知，研究人員通過(guò)觀察實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象，也就是孩子們，來(lái)進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Theresearchersfoundthatthekidsplayingwithfourtoysengagedinmorecreativeactivitiesthanthekidswhohad16toystochoosefrom.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，玩4個(gè)玩具的孩子比玩16個(gè)玩具的孩子更有創(chuàng)造力。)”可知，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，孩子們玩更少的玩具時(shí)會(huì)更有創(chuàng)造力。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Theybelieveparentsshouldkeepmostoftheirchildren’stoyslockedawaywhiletheirkidsplaywithasmallpartatanygiventime.(他們認(rèn)為父母應(yīng)該把孩子的大部分玩具鎖起來(lái)，而孩子在任何時(shí)候都可以玩一小部分。)”可知，研究人員建議家長(zhǎng)們每次應(yīng)該把大部分玩具鎖起來(lái)，給孩子較少的玩具。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Lotsoftoysmaycurbkids’creativityandfocus,makingitmoredifficulttogetthemostoutofanyonetoy-fewertoysnudgethemtowardsresourcefulness.(大量的玩具可能會(huì)抑制孩子們的創(chuàng)造力和專(zhuān)注力，使他們更難從任何一個(gè)玩具中獲得最大的價(jià)值——更少的玩具會(huì)促使他們變得機(jī)智。)”可知，一次給予大量的玩具會(huì)讓孩子從任何一個(gè)玩具中獲得最大益處變得更加困難，再根據(jù)上下文對(duì)比關(guān)系可知，此處指大量的玩具可能會(huì)限制孩子的創(chuàng)造力和專(zhuān)注力。B項(xiàng)“限制”符合句意。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Ifyou’reanythingliketheaverageAmerican,bablycheckyoursmartphonemorethan50timesperdayasa2018studyfound.___16___Infact,TheUniversityofArizonafoundbackin2012thatcellphonescarry10timesmorebacteriathanatoiletseat,largelybecausetoiletseatsaretypicallycleanedmorefrequentlywhilepersonalelectronicsarelargelyoverlooked.Asthenovelcoronaviruscontinuestospread,theCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionandtheWorldHealthOrganizationareadvisingthegeneralpublictowashhandsoftenanddisinfect(消毒)frequentlytouchedobjectsandsurfaces.___17___Butcleaningyourphonecanbetricky,consideringmanyofthestandardcleaningproductsyou’dtypicallyusefordisinfectioncouldpotentiallydamageyourmobiledevice.Youmaywanttowipedownyourphone’sscreenwithsomerubbingalcoholoradisinfectantwipe.___18___Thesephoneshaveacoatingonthemtopreventoilorgreasefromyourhandfromstickingonthephone.Usingalcoholorthosetypesofeverydaysolutionsdirectlyonaphone,onitsglasscanharmit.___19___ThatlinesupwiththeadviceAppleandSamsungofferwhichwarnnottousecleaningproducts.___20___Ifyouneedtodisinfectyoursmartphone,considerlookingintoaUVlighttokillthebacteria.A.Youshouldavoidusingalcohol.B.Butindoingso,youriskdamagingyourdevice’sscreen.C.Thatmeanskeepingyourphonecleanisimportantaswell.D.Youshouldstillbecautiouswvhenexposingthemtoliquids.E.Instead,useamicrofiberclothanddampenitlightlywithsoapandwater.F.Andeachtimeyoudo,yourmobiledevicepicksupmorebacteriafromyourhands.G.Bothcompaniessaywipingyourphonedownwithasoftclothisthebestwaytocleanit.【答案】16.F17.C18.B19.E20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者通過(guò)這篇文章主要向我們描述了手機(jī)上的細(xì)菌含量很高，但清潔手機(jī)要注意方法?！?6題詳解】上文“Ifyou’reanythingliketheaverageAmerican,youprobablycheckyoursmartphonemorethan50timesperdayasa2018studyfound.(如果你和普通美國(guó)人一樣，你可能會(huì)像2018年的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣，每天看你的智能手機(jī)超過(guò)50次)”提到每人每天看手機(jī)的次數(shù)非常多；下文“Infact,TheUniversityofArizonafoundbackin2012thatcellphonescarry10timesmorebacteriathanatoiletseat,(事實(shí)上，亞利桑那大學(xué)早在2012年就發(fā)現(xiàn)，手機(jī)攜帶的細(xì)菌是馬桶蓋的10倍，)”提到關(guān)鍵詞“細(xì)菌”，故空處承上啟下，需要提到“移動(dòng)手機(jī)”和“細(xì)菌”。F項(xiàng)“可知每次你這樣做，你的移動(dòng)設(shè)備從你的手上收集更多的細(xì)菌”符合文意。故選F【17題詳解】上文“Asthenovelcoronaviruscontinuestospread,theCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionandtheWorldHealthOrganizationareadvisingthegeneralpublictowashhandsoftenanddisinfectfrequentlytouchedobjectsandsurfaces.(隨著新型冠狀病毒的不斷傳播，美國(guó)疾病預(yù)防控制中心和世界衛(wèi)生組織建議公眾勤洗手，對(duì)經(jīng)常接觸的物體和表面進(jìn)行消毒)”可知，勤洗手、消毒可以控制新冠病毒的傳播；下文“Butcleaningyourphonecanbetricky(但是，清潔手機(jī)可能會(huì)有點(diǎn)難度)”提到手機(jī)清潔。C項(xiàng)“保持手機(jī)清潔也很重要”承上啟下，符合文意。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Youmaywanttowipedownyourphone’sscreenwithsomerubbingalcoholoradisinfectantwipe.(你可能想用酒精或消毒水擦拭手機(jī)屏幕)”和下文“Thesephoneshaveacoatingonthemtopreventoilorgreasefromyourhandfromstickingonthephone.Usingalcoholorthosetypesofeverydaysolutionsdirectlyonaphone,onitsglasscanharmit.(這些手機(jī)上有一層涂層，以防止你手上的油或油脂粘在手機(jī)上。在手機(jī)玻璃上直接使用酒精或其他日常溶液會(huì)對(duì)手機(jī)造成傷害。)”可知，用酒精或者消毒水清潔屏幕可能會(huì)損害屏幕，由此推知，空處指出上文的做法可能對(duì)手機(jī)屏幕有傷害。B項(xiàng)“但這樣做，有損壞設(shè)備屏幕的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”符合題意。故選B項(xiàng)。【19題詳解】上文“Thesephoneshaveacoatingonthemtopreventoilorgreasefromyourhandfromstickingonthephone.(在手機(jī)玻璃上直接使用酒精或其他日常溶液會(huì)對(duì)手機(jī)造成傷害。)”提到錯(cuò)誤的清潔手機(jī)的方式，可以推測(cè)出后文需要提及如何正確清潔手機(jī)。E項(xiàng)“相反，使用微纖維布，用肥皂和水輕輕浸濕?！狈衔囊?，故選E項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】上文“ThatlinesupwiththeadviceAppleandSamsungofferwhichwarnnottousecleaningproducts.(這與蘋(píng)果和三星提出的不要使用清潔產(chǎn)品的建議一致。)”提及兩家知名電子產(chǎn)品公司均同意使用微纖維布擦拭手機(jī)屏幕以達(dá)到消毒的目的，故G項(xiàng)“兩家公司都表示，用軟布擦拭手機(jī)是最好的清潔方式?！背薪由衔?，符合文章結(jié)構(gòu)。故選G項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Threeyearsago,IparticipatedinModelUnitedNations(MUN)heldby.theEducationDepartment.Duringthetwodays,studentsareseparatedindifferentgroupswhich___21___differentcountries’todebateandtrytosolveproblems.MUNhas___22___awards:bestdelegates(代表),honorarymentions,andverbalmentions.EachtimeIparticipatedinMUN,Imadegood___23___andundoubtedlygotafewawards.ButIoftenfeltasifI’d___24___becauseIhadneverwonthebestdelegateaward.I___25___thosewhodidn’tdeservetowintheawardbutwonitvarioustimes,andIwasjustfilledwith___26___attheirsuccess.This___27___metoaskthedirector.Hehelpedmepatientlyand___28___myweakness.LaterIrealizedthatitwasalso___29___nottogettheawardbecauseIcould____30____learnsomething,andthatIshouldn’t____31____thebestdelegateawarduntilIwasthebestdelegateIcouldbe.Itmademe____32____thatifIhadwonthebestdelegateawardeasily,Iwouldn’thave____33____myshortcomingsandturnedfailuresintovictories.Failuresare____34____subjective—wecanlookataresultasafailureora____35____.Anyfailurecanberegardedasa____36____becauseyoucanalwayslearnsomethingfromitanddobetternexttime.Thisis____37____byJohnLocke’stheorythatwearebornwithblankviews;knowledgeandabilityarelearnedfromour____38____.That’strue.IfImakeamistake,thenIprobablywon’t____39____thatnexttime.Ibelievethisis____40____thebestwaytobecomebetter.21.A.strengthen B.aid C.inspire D.represent22.A.various B.temporary C.identical D.creative23.A.appointments B.preparations C.predictions D.explanations24.A.accelerated B.exited C.failed D.escaped25.A.approached B.trained C.expected D.witnessed26.A.relief B.envy C.satisfaction D.pride27.A.stopped B.refused C.invited D.led28.A.lostsightof B.pointedout C.gaveup D.lookeddownon29.A.annoyed B.ashamed C.good D.terrible30.A.eventually B.physically C.curiously D.extremely31.A.learn B.win C.deliver D.value32.A.regret B.misguide C.doubt D.understand33.A.overcome B.judged C.neglected D.forgotten34.A.academically B.amazingly C.completely D.gracefully35.A.bond B.bet C.victory D.loss36.A.promise B.benefit C.burden D.limit37.A.protected B.measured C.supported D.separated38.A.decisions B.attitudes C.positions D.experiences39.A.repeat B.admit C.accept D.notice40.A.wrongly B.scarcely C.truly D.narrowly【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.C25.D26.B27.D28.B29.C30.A31.B32.D33.A34.C35.C36.B37.C38.D39.A40.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過(guò)自己的親身經(jīng)歷向我們?cè)忈屃恕笆∈浅晒χ浮钡恼嬷B。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在這兩天里，學(xué)生們被分成代表不同國(guó)家的不同小組進(jìn)行辯論并試圖解決問(wèn)題。A.strengthen加強(qiáng)；B.aid幫助、救助；C.inspire激勵(lì)；D.represent代表。根據(jù)下文“MUNhas___2___awards:bestdelegates(代表),honorarymentions,andverbalmentions.”中關(guān)鍵詞delegates意為“代表”可知，空處表示每個(gè)人都要代表一個(gè)國(guó)家進(jìn)行發(fā)言，故空單詞應(yīng)與“代表”同義或近義。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：模聯(lián)設(shè)有各種獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)：最佳代表獎(jiǎng)、榮譽(yù)獎(jiǎng)和口頭獎(jiǎng)。A.various各種各樣的；B.temporary暫時(shí)的；C.identical相同的；D.creative有創(chuàng)造力的。結(jié)合后文“bestdelegates(代表),honorarymentions,andverbalmentions.”可知，獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)多樣。故選A項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每次參加模聯(lián)，我都做好了充分的準(zhǔn)備，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)獲得了幾個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。A.appointments約定；B.preparations準(zhǔn)備；C.predictions預(yù)測(cè)；D.explanations解釋。結(jié)合后文“ButIoftenfeltasifI’d___4___becauseIhadneverwonthebestdelegateaward.”可知，即使作者每次都很努力地做好準(zhǔn)備了，但還是從沒(méi)有贏過(guò)最佳代表獎(jiǎng)，于是感到很失敗。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但我經(jīng)常覺(jué)得自己失敗了，因?yàn)槲覐膩?lái)沒(méi)有獲得過(guò)最佳代表獎(jiǎng)。A.accelerated加速；B.exited激動(dòng)的；C.failed失敗；D.escaped逃跑。根據(jù)空前“But”表轉(zhuǎn)折可知作者雖然拿過(guò)一些獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，但還是覺(jué)得不夠，所以總認(rèn)為自己并沒(méi)有真正贏過(guò)，故空處應(yīng)填單詞與“贏”應(yīng)為反義。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我目睹了那些不配獲獎(jiǎng)卻多次獲獎(jiǎng)的人，對(duì)他們的成功充滿了嫉妒。A.approached接近；B.trained訓(xùn)練；C.expected期待；D.witnessed目擊、看見(jiàn)。根據(jù)后文“butwonitvarioustimes”可知，作者每次參賽都能看到一些作者認(rèn)為不值得拿獎(jiǎng)的人拿了最佳代表獎(jiǎng)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我目睹了那些不配獲獎(jiǎng)卻多次獲獎(jiǎng)的人，對(duì)他們的成功充滿了嫉妒。A.relief放心；B.envy嫉妒；C.satisfaction滿意；D.pride驕傲。根據(jù)前文“Iwitnessedthosewhodidn’tdeservetowintheaward”可知，作者認(rèn)為這些人都不值得拿獎(jiǎng)，由此推測(cè)出作者的心態(tài)是很嫉妒的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這促使我去問(wèn)我們教練。A.stopped停止；B.refused拒絕；C.invited邀請(qǐng)；D.led導(dǎo)致、促使。固定短語(yǔ)leadsb.tosth.表示“致使某人做某事”，符合題意。是羨慕和嫉妒促使作者去問(wèn)教練，到底自己為什么拿不到獎(jiǎng)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：他耐心地幫助我，指出我的弱點(diǎn)。A.lostsightof看不見(jiàn)；B.pointedout指出；C.gaveup放棄；D.lookeddownon瞧不起。結(jié)合后文“LaterIrealizedthatitwasalso___9___nottogettheawardbecauseIcould___10___learnsomething,andthatIshouldn’t___11___thebestdelegateawarduntilIwasthebestdelegateIcouldbe.”可知，作者的教練耐心地與作者進(jìn)行了一番談話，把作者的缺點(diǎn)都分析了一遍并安慰了作者。B項(xiàng)“指出”與“缺點(diǎn)”搭配合理，且符合文意。故選B項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：后來(lái)我意識(shí)到?jīng)]有獲獎(jiǎng)也不錯(cuò)，因?yàn)槲易罱K可以學(xué)到一些東西，在我成為最好的代表之前，我不應(yīng)該獲得最佳代表獎(jiǎng)。A.annoyed煩悶的；B.ashamed羞愧的；C.good好的；D.terrible可怕的。結(jié)合后文可知，作者想通了，不拿獎(jiǎng)也挺好的，可以激勵(lì)自己再接再厲。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：后來(lái)我意識(shí)到?jīng)]有獲獎(jiǎng)也不錯(cuò)，因?yàn)槲易罱K可以學(xué)到一些東西，在我成為最好的代表之前，我不應(yīng)該獲得最佳代表獎(jiǎng)。A.eventually最終；B.physically身體上；C.curiously好奇地；D.extremely極其。結(jié)合后文“andthatIshouldn’t___11___thebestdelegateawarduntilIwasthebestdelegateIcouldbe.”可知，作者擺正了心態(tài)，認(rèn)為無(wú)論如何自己都能學(xué)到一些東西。A項(xiàng)“最終”符合句意，表示最終都能學(xué)到東西。故選A項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：后來(lái)我意識(shí)到?jīng)]有獲獎(jiǎng)也不錯(cuò)，因?yàn)槲易罱K可以學(xué)到一些東西，在我成為最好的代表之前，我不應(yīng)該獲得最佳代表獎(jiǎng)。A.learn學(xué)習(xí)；B.win贏；C.deliver送貨；D.value重視。結(jié)合上文“Iwitnessedthosewhodidn’tdeservetowintheawardbutwonitvarioustimes,andIwasjustfilledwithenvyattheirsuccess.”贏獎(jiǎng)為動(dòng)詞win，故此處也用win，為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這讓我明白，如果我輕松地獲得了最佳代表獎(jiǎng)，我就不會(huì)克服自己的缺點(diǎn)，把失敗變成勝利。A.regret后悔；B.misguide誤判；C.doubt懷疑；D.understand明白、理解。結(jié)合前文可知，作者明白、理解了這個(gè)道理。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這讓我明白，如果我輕松地獲得了最佳代表獎(jiǎng)，我就不會(huì)克服自己的缺點(diǎn)，把失敗變成勝利。A.overcome克服；B.judged評(píng)判；C.neglected忽視；D.forgotten忘記。分析句子，空后為myshortcomings表示“我的缺點(diǎn)”，所以應(yīng)該填一個(gè)詞去表達(dá)作者如何對(duì)待自己的缺點(diǎn)，將失敗轉(zhuǎn)為勝利。A項(xiàng)“克服”符合文意。故選A項(xiàng)。34題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：失敗是完全主觀的——我們可以把結(jié)果看作失敗或勝利。A.academically學(xué)習(xí)上；B.amazingly神奇地；C.completely完全；D.gracefully優(yōu)雅地。結(jié)合后文“wecanlookataresultasafailureora__15__.”可知，如何對(duì)待失敗，完全取決于自己，非常主觀。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：失敗是完全主觀的——我們可以把結(jié)果看作失敗或勝利。A.bond紐帶；B.bet賭金；C.victory勝利；D.loss失去?？涨坝胁⒘羞B詞or表選擇，前文為afailure即“一件失敗的事情”，故空后需要填和“失敗”反義的詞表選擇。C項(xiàng)“勝利”符合句意。故選C項(xiàng)。【36題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：任何失敗都可以被視為一種好處，因?yàn)槟憧偰軓闹袑W(xué)到一些東西，下次做得更好。A.promise承諾；B.benefit好處；C.burden負(fù)擔(dān)；D.limit限制。根據(jù)后文“becauseyoucanalwayslearnsomethingfromitanddobetternexttime.”可知，作者是希望讀者把失敗視為一件好事，故空處應(yīng)該填與“好”相近或相同的詞。B項(xiàng)“好處”符合句意。故選B項(xiàng)。【37題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：約翰·洛克的理論支持了這一點(diǎn)，即我們生來(lái)就有空白的觀點(diǎn)；知識(shí)和能力是從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中學(xué)來(lái)的。A.protected保護(hù)；B.measured測(cè)量；C.