高考英語七選五題型解題方法之-結(jié)構(gòu)法 教案

高考英語七選五題型解題方法之結(jié)構(gòu)法Teachingaims:Tostrengthenstudents’abilityofdiscoursethinking;Tohelpstudentsimprovereadingskillsondiscourseanalysis;Toenablestudentstosolveproblemscorrectlyandeffectivelywithlearnedskillsandmethods.Importantanddifficultteachingpoints:TogetstudentstomasterthestructurepatternsofdiscoursesandsentencesTogetstudentstoapplywritinglogicinreadingTeachingprocedures:Step1:lead-inAbriefintroductiontothepropositionrulesandleadtothetopicthatwearegoingtopresentinthefollowinglesson考查重點：考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)的理解和掌握考查考生對上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。設(shè)空類型：段首、段中、段尾解題思路：從結(jié)構(gòu)和大意兩個方面宏觀把握。解題方法：結(jié)構(gòu)法，邏輯法，詞匯法。Step2：TosolveproblemsusingdiscoursestructuresIntroducethethreeapplyingtypesofdiscoursesstructures語篇結(jié)構(gòu)法的依據(jù)：文章脈絡(luò)和語篇結(jié)構(gòu)Threetypesofdiscoursestructures:總分結(jié)構(gòu)；承上啟下；首尾呼應(yīng)1.總-分結(jié)構(gòu)高考鏈接：example1:（2018年I卷）……Butgoodnewsisthatthere'rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones，andthelargeones.___38___They'rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwalls：andlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesarcgenerallyfurniturepiecessuchas……Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,……A. WhileallofthemareusefulB. Whateveryou’relookingforC. Ifyou'reexperimentingwithacolorD.Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwith解題錦囊：注意文章首段中出現(xiàn)的數(shù)詞和連續(xù)的并列名詞；注意各分段的首句，各分段之間往往為并列關(guān)系，且內(nèi)容與首段相對應(yīng)。Practice:（2018北京卷）WhyDoWeGetAngry?Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthecausesofangerarevarious.Knowingthesecausescanmakeusexamineourbehavior,andcorrectbadhabits.Themainreasonswegetangryaretriggering(觸發(fā))events,personalitytraits(特征),andourassessmentofsituations.Understanding?these?reasons?will?control?our?own?anger?if?we?are?willing?toevaluate?ourselves?with?a?critical?eye.(para2)Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribethe……(para3)Eachperson,nomatterwhotheyare,haspsychologicalimbalances.Peoplewhohavepersonalitytraitsthat……(para4)54Sometimesevenroutineoccurrencesbecomesourcesofpre-anger,orangeritself.Sometimesignoranceandnegative(消極的)outlooksonsituationscancreateanger.A.Ourattitudeandviewpointonsituationscancreateangerwithinusaswell.B.Butsometypesofsituationscanhelpustogetridoftheoccurrenceofanger.C.Angerisrarelylookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait,andisusuallyadvisedtoreduceit.2.承上啟下高考鏈接:example1:（2018浙江卷）Movingintoanewhomeinanewneighborhoodisanexcitingexperience.Ofcourse,youwanttomakesurethatyoubecomeanacceptableandvaluablepartofyourneighborhood.Theeasiestwaytoaccomplishthisistomakesureyouconductyourselfasagoodneighborshould.___31_____Perhapsoneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandoasagoodneighboristokeepyourproperty(房產(chǎn))neat,clean,andingoodrepair……Second,taketheoverallappearanceoftheneighborhoodseriously,.Whengoingfor……E.Shouldyoucomeacrosswastepaperthrownoutofapassingcar,pickitup.F.Peopletendtolakeprideinkeepingeverythingintheirstreetfreshandinviting.G.Hereareafewtipstohelpyouwinovereveryoneintheneighborhoodquickly解題錦囊：引出下文的信號詞:hereare;thefollowing;be(going)to;next;below等；承接上文的信號詞：時間類：later;then;afterthat;thenext…;finally等；空間類：表示地點和方位的介詞短語其它信號詞：another;besides;what’smore;furthermore等Practice:（2019年I卷）……Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen，growingthingscanreducestress，lowerbloodpressure，andputpeopleintoabettermood（情緒）．Greeneryisgoodforus．HospitalpatientsWhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead．39CItgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace．40Whilethesun'srayscanageandharmourskin，theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD．A．Freshaircleansourlungs．B．Sowhatareyouwaitingfor？C．Beinginnaturerefreshesus．D．Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight．3.首尾呼應(yīng)：Example1:Keepyoursleep/wakescheduleonweekends.Ifyou’retiredoutbyFridaynight,sleepinginonSaturdaycouldsoundwonderful.Butcompensatingontheweekendsactuallyfeedsintoyoursleepinessthefollowingweek,arecentstudyfound.39（2017年III卷）A.Getasleepspecialist.B.Findtherightmotivation.E.Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,keepitup.F.Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.解題錦囊：利用首句和尾句的呼應(yīng)關(guān)系Example2:Thinkahead.ThemomentswhenIthinkcookingisapainarewhenI’malreadyhungryandthere’snothingreadytoeat.Sothinkaheadofthecomingweek.Whenwillyouhavetimetocook?Doyouhavetherightmaterialsalready?37(2014年II卷)E.Cookingisaburdenformanypeople.F.Letcookingandlivingsimplybeajoyratherthanaburden.G.Alittletimeplanningaheadcansavealotofworklateron.Step3：TosolveproblemsusingsentencepatternsIntroducethethreeapplyingtypesofsentencepatterns同構(gòu)復(fù)現(xiàn)法：利用上下文中重復(fù)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)解題的方法Threetypesofsentencepatterns：主題句；排比句；并列句1.并列句中的同構(gòu)復(fù)現(xiàn)并列結(jié)構(gòu)(compoundsentences)——表比較、并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的相鄰兩個句子在結(jié)構(gòu)上往往相同或相似Example1:(2016全國I)Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook.39Forexample,”bridge“mightstandfor“meet”and“out”mightstandfor“me.”Themessage“bridgeout”wouldactuallymean“Meetme.”40However,itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.A.It

is

very

hard

to

break

a

code

without

the

code

book.

B.In

any

language,

some

letters

are

used

more

than

others.解題錦囊：注意并列結(jié)構(gòu)的信號詞順承：and;also;besides;aswell;遞進(jìn)：moreover;what’smore;furthermore;inaddition比較：while;likewise;similarlyExample2:(2019全國II)37Morethanthat,howshouldyoustaymotivatedtoachievethegoal?First,youneedtoevaluateyourself,yourvalues,yourstrengths,yourweaknesses,yourachievements,yourdesires,etc.Onlythenshouldyousetyourgoals.Thiscanaffectyourwork.

B.Sohowshouldyoumotivateyourself?C.However,thisshouldnotdiscourageyou.2.主題句結(jié)構(gòu)(topicsentences)——小標(biāo)題，段首主題句的結(jié)構(gòu)往往相似Example1:Thinkahead.Makeyourtimeworthit.____39____Thismaysurpriseyou,butoneofthebesttoolsformakingcookingworthyourtimeisexperimentation.Itgivesyouthechancetohituponnewideasandrecipesthatcanworkwellwithyourappetiteandschedule.Themoreyoulearnandthemoreyoutry,themoreabilityyouhavetotakecontrolofyourfoodandyourschedule.A.Trynewthings.

D.Understandyourfoodbetter.

E.Cookingisaburdenformanypeople.

F.Letcookingandlivingsimplybeajoyratherthanaburden.解題錦囊：迅速瀏覽各段首句或小標(biāo)題，并注意其結(jié)構(gòu)Example2:（2018年II卷）Yourproductivityisimproved.Exercisingmakesyoumoreawakeandreadytohandlewhateverisaheadofyoufortheday.Yourmetabolism(新陳代謝)getsaheadstart.Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,thenyouwillbegettingthecalorie(卡路里)burningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep.39Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoexercisedintheevening.Exerciseenergizesyou,soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited.A．Youwillsticktoyourdiet.B．Yourqualityofsleepimproves.C.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.3.排比結(jié)構(gòu)（parallelsentences）：三個或三個以上相鄰句子以相同或相似的結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)Example1：Industrieshavespreaddownsomeofthewaterwaysofthedelta,butotherwisethedeltaisaremoteplace,thehomelandofalittlecolonyofFrenchCanadiansthattheBritishdroveoutofNovaScotiainthe18thcentury.TheystillspeakFrench,mixedwithEnglish,Indian,SpanishandNegroidioms.Theykeeptothemselves,farmingtherichsoilofthedelta._(73)E.However,theypaddledupanddowntheMississippiintheirboatstoseektheirfortune.F.The“GreatWater”alwaysremain