英語中考英語主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)

學(xué)習(xí)目標1.掌握被動語態(tài)的用法2.掌握如何將主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)第1頁/共31頁第一頁，共32頁。英語的兩大語態(tài)：

主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)A.主動語態(tài)中主語是謂語動詞的發(fā)出者。賓語是謂語動詞的對象。B.被動語態(tài)中主語是謂語動詞的承受者(動作的對象)。被動語態(tài)的謂語構(gòu)成:

助動詞be＋動詞過去分詞語態(tài)：表示主語和謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。第2頁/共31頁第二頁，共32頁。什么時候要用被動語態(tài)呢？在下列三種情況之一要用被動語態(tài)：①不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰，用被動語態(tài)。②沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，用被動語態(tài)。③需要強調(diào)動作的承受者時，用被動語態(tài)第3頁/共31頁第三頁，共32頁。主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換：Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.Ourclassroomiscleaned主語謂語賓語byuseveryday結(jié)構(gòu)：主動語態(tài)：主語＋謂語＋賓語

被動語態(tài)：主語be+過去分詞by+賓語即:、主變賓、賓變主,謂語動詞變被動?！?注:主變賓即主語變?yōu)榻樵~by賓語)第4頁/共31頁第四頁，共32頁。[注意]①把主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)時，句子的時態(tài)不能變。且be動詞和新主語保持一致。如上例，所給的主動句子是一般現(xiàn)在時，改為被動語態(tài)時，也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。②如果主動句中的主語是人稱代詞，改為被動句時作介詞by的賓語，要用賓格。如上例中的主語we改為us。第5頁/共31頁第五頁，共32頁。歸納總結(jié)方法

把主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)可按“、、”來進行。即：①變－－－把主動語態(tài)的賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語，把主動語態(tài)的主語改為被動語態(tài)的介詞by的賓語。②套－－－根據(jù)原句的時態(tài)套用相應(yīng)時態(tài)。③注意－－注意人稱的變化而引起的主謂一致問題。例：①ManypeoplespeakEnglish.Englishbymanypeople.②Hewashedhisshoesyesterday.Hisshoesbyhimyesterday.isspokenwerewashed一變二套三注意第6頁/共31頁第六頁，共32頁。1.They

make

shoesinthatfactory.主語+及物動詞+賓語Shoes

aremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般現(xiàn)在時：變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)S(主語）+am/is/are+過去分詞第7頁/共31頁第七頁，共32頁。TheyplayfootballonSunday.Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.WemakethesemachinesinBeijing.FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing.第8頁/共31頁第八頁，共32頁。Helookedafterthelittlebabyyesterday.主謂賓(受動者)Thelittlebaby

waslookedafterbyhimyesterday.第9頁/共31頁第九頁，共32頁。2.They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．Tencomputers

werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般過去時：S+was/were+過去分詞第10頁/共31頁第十頁，共32頁。Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.Theyusedthisroomforresting.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem.第11頁/共31頁第十一頁，共32頁。Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.主謂賓(受動者)TheroomwillbecleanedbyTomtomorrow.第12頁/共31頁第十二頁，共32頁。3.They

willfinish

theworkintendays.Thework

willbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般將來時：S+will+be+過去分詞第13頁/共31頁第十三頁，共32頁。Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon.Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek.Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow.Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.第14頁/共31頁第十四頁，共32頁。4．Amy

cantakegoodcareof

Gina

．Gina

canbetakengoodcareof

byAmy.情態(tài)動詞：S+can/may/must/should+be+過去分詞第15頁/共31頁第十五頁，共32頁。1.Hecantakecareofthebaby.2.Lucymaydrawthepictures.3.Youmustturnoffthelights.4.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.

Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.第16頁/共31頁第十六頁，共32頁。Exercises：1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.2.Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings.3.Wecanusetheboxasatable.4.Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday.5.Shewillrepairthebiketomorrow.

第17頁/共31頁第十七頁，共32頁。下列時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成

1.Lucyiswateringthetrees.

2.Wehavefinishedourcompositions.

看一看想一想第18頁/共31頁第十八頁，共32頁。Someworkers

arepainting

theroomsnow．Therooms

arebeingpainted

bysomeworkersnow.現(xiàn)在進行時：

S+am/is/are+being+過去分詞第19頁/共31頁第十九頁，共32頁。We

havemade

twentymorekeys．Twentymorekeys

havebeenmade

byus.現(xiàn)在完成時：

S+have/has+been+過去分詞第20頁/共31頁第二十頁，共32頁。各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時：一般過去時：一般將來時：

情態(tài)動詞：過去進行時現(xiàn)在完成時：

S+am/is/are+doneS+can/may/must/should+be+done

S+will+be+doneS+was/were+being+doneS+have/has+been+doneS+was/were+done各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成第21頁/共31頁第二十一頁，共32頁。在被動語態(tài)中要注意的問題

一些使役動詞(let,have,make等)或感官動詞(see,hearwatch,notice等)在主動語態(tài)中后面接的動詞不定式不帶to，但改為被動語態(tài)時，要補上to。如：Thebossmakestheworkerswork18hoursaday.—Theworkersaremadetowork18hoursadaybytheboss.Isawhimenterthehouse.—Hewasseentoenterthehousebyme.第22頁/共31頁第二十二頁，共32頁。Theteacherletthemleavetheclassroomafterclass.—Theywerelettoleavetheclassroombytheteacherafterclass.Wehearhersingintheroomeveryday.—Sheisheardtosingintheroomeveryday.[注意]當使用see/hear/watchsbdoingsth時，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，

doing保持不變。如：

Isawhimgoingintotheshop.(主動)Hewasseengoingintotheshop.(被動)第23頁/共31頁第二十三頁，共32頁。使役動詞和感觀動詞主被動語態(tài)對照表主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)使役動詞makesbdosthsbbemadetodosthhavesbdosthsbbehadtodosthletsbdosthsbbelettodosth感觀動詞seesbdosthsbbeseentodosthwatchsbdosthsbbewatchedtodosthhearsbdosthsbbeheardtodosthnoticesbdosthsbbenoticedtodosthgo第24頁/共31頁第二十四頁，共32頁。Atrafficaccident_________(happen)justnow.happened2.連系動詞（Link.v.)

如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become…PekingOpera________(sound)beautiful.sounds3.當此動詞表示事物的自然屬性的時候:Thepen_________(write)veryfast.writesThiskindofsweater_______(sell)well.sells1.不及物動詞（vi.)

如:happen,takeplace,appear,disappear,…不用被動語態(tài)的動詞：第25頁/共31頁第二十五頁，共32頁。

把下列主動句改為被動句

①Lilywritesmanyletterseveryday.(主動)

②Theyvisitedthisfarmlastyear.（主動）

③Wehavelearned3000Englishwordssofar.（主動）

→ManylettersarewrittenbyLilyeveryday.→Thisfarmwasvisitedbythemlastyear.→3000Englishwordshavebeenlearnedbyussofar.第26頁/共31頁第二十六頁，共32頁。把下列主動句改為被動句

1.Theboycleanedthedeskamomentago.Thedeskwascleanedbytheboyamomentago.2.Wewillplant2000treesnextyear.2000treeswillbeplantedbyusnextyear.3.Youmustkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.Theroommustbekeptcleanandtidybyyou.

第27頁/共31頁第二十七頁，共32頁。4.Thepolicehavecaughtthethief.Thethiefhasbeencaughtbythepolice.5.Thefarmersarecuttingdownthetreesonthehill.Thetreesonthehillarebeingcutdownbythefarmers.第28頁/共31頁第二十八頁，共32頁。1.ShewaterstheflowerseverydayTheflowerseveryday.arewateredbyher3.Theydotheirhomeworkafterschool.Theirhomeworkisdonebythemafterschool.

2.I

bought

acomputerlastterm．Acomputer

wasbought(byme)lastterm.4.Ourstudentsmustn’tsmokecigarettes.Cigarettesmustn’tbesmokedbyo