英語(yǔ)1986年-1988考研真題

1988年Section StructureandIneachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PutyourchoicesintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Iwascaught therainANSWER:[A]Ididn’tbuytheapples;shegavethemtome It’s mypowertomakefinaldecisiononthe[D]IshouldsayHenryisnot muchawriterasaIwon’tpay20forthecoat;it’snotworth allthatthatmuchthatallmuchallHedidn’tgointodetailonthesubject;hespoke ininininIt’struethattheoldroadislessdirectandabitlonger.Wewon’ttakethenew ,becausewedon’tfeelassafeonWhenyouareaboutthroughthestory ,trytomakeaguesshowtheplotwilldevelop.one-Thoughalreadyateenager,Peterstillfindsithardto hisfavoritepartpartpartpart cutcutcutcut

ernmentexpensestoaWhenataparty,besurenotto fromthewhotriestoengageyouinconversation.turnturnturnturnThesurvival ofsomewildanimalsisnotveryhighastheyareruthlesslyhuntedfortheirskins.Hewas admittancetothetheatrefornotbeingproperlyWhenIaskyouaquestion,Iexpecta Ifamanislegallyseparatedfromhiswife,ishestill forherAtthemeeting,Rolandargued infavoroftheSection ReadingEachofthethreepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(20points)Itdoesn’tcomeasasurprisetoyoutorealizethatitmakesnodifferencewhatyoureadorstudyifyoucan’trememberit.Youjustwasteyourvaluabletime.Maybeyouhavealreadydiscoveredsomecleverwaystokeepyourselffromforgetting.Onedependableaidthatdoeshelpyourememberwhatyoustudyistohaveaspecificpurposeorreasonforreading.Yourememberbetterwhatyoureadwhenyouknowwhyyou’rereading.Whydoesaclerkinastoregoawayandleaveyouwhenyourreplytoheroffertohelpis,“No,thankyou.I’mjustlooking”?Bothyouandsheknowthatifyouaren’tsurewhatyouwant,youarenotlikelytofindit.Butsupposeyousayinstead,“Yes,thankyou.Iwantapairofsunglasses.”Shesays,“Rightthisway,please.”Andyouandsheareoff--botheagertolookforexactlywhatyouwant.It’squitethesamewithyourstudying.Ifyouchoseabookatrandom,“justlooking”fornothinginparticular,youarelikelytogetjustthat--nothing.Butifyoudoknowwhatyouwant,andifyouhavetherightbook,youarealmostsuretogetit.Yourreasonswillvary;theywillincludereadingorstudying“tofindoutmoreabout”,“tounderstandthereasonsfor”,“tofindouthow”.Agoodstudenthasaclearpurposeorreasonforwhatheisng.Thisisthewayitworks.Beforeyoustarttostudy,yousaytoyourselfsomethinglikethis,“IwanttoknowwhyStephenVincentBenethappenedtowriteaboutAmerica.I’mreadingthisarticletofindout.”O(jiān)r,“I’mgoingtoskimthisstorytoseewhatlifewaslikeinmedievalEngland.”Becauseyouknowwhyyouarereadingorstudying,yourelatetheinformationtoyourpurposeandrememberitbetter.Readingisnotonesingleactivity.Atleasttwoimportantprocessesgoonatthesametime.Asyouread,youtakeinideasrapidlyandaccuray.Butatthesametimeyouexpressyourownideastoyourselfasyoureacttowhatyouread.Youhaveakindofmentalconversationwiththeauthor.Ifyouexpressedyourideasorally,theymightsoundlikethis:“Yes,Iagree.That’smyopiniontoo.”or“Ummmm,Ithoughtthatrecordwasbrokenmuchearlier.I’dbettercheckthosedates,”or“Buttherearesomeelse,andthatsomethingelseisveryimportant.Thisadditionalprocessofthinkingaboutwhatyoureadincludesevaluatingit,relatingittowhatyoualreadyknow,andusingitforyourownpurposes.Inotherwords,agoodreaderisacriticalreader.Onepartofcriticalreading,asyouhavediscovered,isdistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions.Factscanbecheckedbyevidence.Opinionsareone’sownalreactions.Anotherpartofcriticalreadingisjudgingsources.Stillanotherpartisdrawingaccurateinferences.Ifyoucannotrememberwhatyoureadorstudy, itisnoitmeansyouhavenotreallylearneditmeansyouhavenotchosentherightyourealizeitisofnoBeforeyoustartreading,itisimportant tomakesurewhyyouaretorelatetheinformationtoyourtorememberwhatyoutochooseaninterestingReadingactivityinvolves onlytwosimultaneousprimarilylearningaboutideasandevaluatingthemmerelydistinguishingbetweenfactsandmainlydrawingaccurateAgoodreaderisonewho relateswhathereadstohisownknowledgeaboutthesubjectdoeslotsofthinkinginhistakesacriticalattitudeinhisisabletocheckthefactspresentedagainstwhathehasalreadyIfyouliveinalargecity,youarequitefamiliarwithsomeoftheproblemsofnoise,butbecauseofsomeofitsharmfuleffects,youmaynotbeawareoftheextentofitsinfluenceonhumanbehavior.Althougheveryonemoreorlessknowswhatnoiseis,i.e.,itissoundsthatonewouldrathernothear,itisperhapsbesttodefineitmorepreciselyforscientificpurposes.Onesuchdefinitionisthatnoiseissoundsthatareunrelatedtothetaskathand.Thusstimulithatatonetimemightbeconsideredrelevantwillatanothertimebeconsiderednoise,dependingonwhatoneisngatthemoment.Inrecentyearstherehasbeenagreatdealofinterestintheeffectsofnoiseonhumanbehavior,andconceptssuchas“noisepollution”havearisen,togetherwithmovementstoreducenoise.Exposuretoloudnoisescandefiniyproduceapartialorcompletelossofhearing,dependingontheintensity,duration,andfrequencycompositionofthenoise.Manyjobspresentnoisehazards,suchasworkinginfactoriesandaroundjetaircraft,drivingfarmtractors,andworking(orsitting)inmusichallswhererockbandsareplaying.Ingeneral,continuousexposuretosoundsofover80decibels(ameasureoftheloudnessofsound)canbeconsidereddangerous.Decibelvaluescorrespondtovarioussounds.Soundsaboveabout85decibelsmay,ifexposureisforasufficientperiodoftime,producesignificanthearingloss.Actuallosswilldependupontheparticularfrequenciestowhichoneisexposed,andwhetherthesoundiscontinuousorNoisecanhaveunexpectedharmfuleffectsonperformanceofcertainkindsoftasks,forinstance,ifoneisperformingawatchkeetaskthatrequiresvigilance,inwhichheisresponsiblefordetectingweaksignalsofsomekind(e.g.,watchingaradarscreenfortheappearanceofaircraft).Communicatingwithotherpeopleisunfavorablyaffectedbynoise.Ifyouhaveriddenintherearofajettransport,youmayhavenoticedthatitwasdifficulttocarryonaconversationatfirst,andthat,eventually,youadjustedtheloudnessofyourspeechtocompensatefortheeffect.Theproblemisnoise.Noisediffersfromsoundinthat itissoundsthatinterferewiththetaskbeingitisaspecialtypeoflouditisusuallyunavoidableinbigitcanbedefinedmorepreciselythantheOneoftheharmfuleffectsofnoiseonhumanperformanceisthat itreducesone’sitrendersthevictimitdeprivesoneoftheenjoymentofitdrownsoutconversationsatThepurposeofthispassageis todefinetheeffectsofnoiseonhumantowarnpeopleofthedangerofnoisetogiveadviceastohowtopreventhearingtolthedifferencebetweennoiseandThetraditionalbeliefthatawoman’splaceisinthehomeandthatawomanoughtnottogoouttoworkcanhardlybereasonablymaintainedinpresentconditions.Itissaidthatitisawoman’stasktocareforthechildren,butfamiliestodaytendtobesmallandwithayearortwobetweenchildren.Thusawoman’swholeperiodofchildbearingmayoccurwithinfiveyears.Furthermore,withcompulsoryeducationfromtheageoffiveorsixherroleaschiefeducatorofherchildrensoonceases.Thus,evenifweagreethatawomanshouldstayathometolookafterherchildrenbeforetheyareofschoolage,formanywomen,thisperiodwouldextendonlyforabouttenyears.Itmightbearguedthatthehouse-proudwomanwouldstillfindplentytodoaboutthehome.Thatmaybeso,butitiscertainlynolongernecessaryforawomantospendherwholelifecooking,cleaning,mendingandsewing.Washingmachinestakedrudgeryoutoflaundry,thelatestmodelsbeingentirelyautomaticandabletowashanddryalargetyofclothesinafewminutes.Refrigeratorshavemadeitpossibletostorefoodforlongperiodsandmanypre-cookedfoodsareobtainableintins.Shop,insteadofbeingadailytask,canbecompletedinonedayaweek.Thenewman-madefibersaremorehardwiringthannaturalfibersandgreatlyreducemending,whilegoodready-madeclothesarecheapandplentiful.Apartfromwomen’sownhappiness,theneedsofthecommunitymustbeconsidered.Modernsocietycannotdowellwithoutthecontributionthatwomencanmakeinprofessionsandotherkindsofwork.Thereisaseriousshortageofnursesandteachers,tomentiononlytwooftheoccupationsfollowedbywomen.Itisextremelywastefultogiveyearsoftrainingatpublicexpenseonlytohavethequalifiedteacherornursemarryafterayearortwoandbelostforevertoherprofession.Thetraining,itistrue,willhelpherindutiesasamother,butifshecontinuedtowork,herservicewouldbemorewidelyuseful.Manyfactoriesandshops,too,arelargelystaffedbywomen,manyofthemmarried.Whileherethequestionoftrainingisnotsoimportant,industryandtradewouldbeseriouslyshortofstaffifmarriedwomendidnotwork.Theauthorholdsthat therightplaceforallwomen,marriedorotherwise,isthehome,notallmarriedwomenshouldhavesomeoccupationoutsidetheamarriedwomanshouldgivefirstprioritytoherdutiesasaitisdesirableforuneducatedmarriedwomentostayathomeandtakecareofthefamilyAhouse-proudwoman woulddevoteherwholelifetoherwouldtakeherownhappinessandthatofherfamilyasherchiefwouldstillneedsomespecialtrainingatpublicexpensetohelpherinherdutiesasahousewifewouldtakefulladvantageofmodernhouseholdAccordingtotheauthor,modernsociety canoperatejustaswellevenwithoutwomenhasbeengreatlyhamperedinitsdevelopmentbytheshortageofwomennursesandwomenteacherscannotoperateproperlywithoutthecontributionofwillbeseriouslyaffectedbythecontinuingshortageofworkingwomeninheavyindustriesandinternationaltradeSectionIIIClozeForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeled[B],[C],and[D].ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoice.(10points)In1620,asmallsailboatnamedtheMayflowerleftEnglandfortheNewWorld.TheMayflowerheadedfortheJamestowncolonyonthewarmshoreofVirginia.ItsonehundredpassengerswerethePilgrims.TheywerelookingforaplacewheretheyworshipGod大26BecauseofstrongwindsandseverestormstheMayflowerits大27ThebravegroupofcolonistsfinallyhadtolandatPlymouthontherockycoastofMassachusettsinDecember1620.Itwasthemiddleofthesternnorthernwinter.大28家monthsofstarvation,disease,anddeathwereaheadofthem.Onlythestrongestofthepilgrims大29家thatwinter.Manywomengavetheirownrationstotheirchildrenanddiedforlackoffoodforthemselves.Living大30begantoimproveinthespringof1621.Therewerewildvegetables.Therewereberriesandfruit.Fishandgamewereplentiful.Therefore,theywereabletogetenoughfreshmeatdespitetheirlackofskillorexperienceinhuntingandfishing.Thehealth大31家withthewarmweatherandtheirbetterInthefall,theylookback大32家thepastyear.Theywerebothregretfulthankful.Onlyfiftyoftheoriginalonehundredpassengersremained.Thepriceinhumanlifeandtragedyhadbeengreat.Ontheotherhand,theysawnewhopeforfutureAsplendidharvestwas大33家them.TheywerereadyforthesecondwinterwithconfidenceTheyhadelevencrudehousesforprotectionagainsttheseverewinter.Sevenwereforfamilies,andfourwereforcommunaluse.大34,theyestablishedatreatyoffriendshipwiththeirnneighborsunderChiefMassasoitinthesummer.Thewoodsandforestsbecamesafe.WhentheMayflowerreturnedtoEnglandsummer,therewerenocolonists大35.Attheendoftheirfirstyearintheirhome,thePilgrimswantedtocelebratewitharealholiday.ItwastheirfirstThanksgivingDay.[A]intheirownintheirownontheiroftheir[A] [A][A][A][A][A][A]BestofFortheTotheirAllin[A]SectionIVError-detectionandEachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedparts.Thesepartsarelabeled[A],[B],[C]and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Then,withoutalteringthemeaningofthesentence,writedownyourcorrectiononthelineintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)You’vetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethingA

ANSWER:[C]TheunionandthemanagementarehavingsuchaA

timeB

oncontractC

ingyearthattheworkersmaygoonDHegotup,walkedA

theroom,andB

asharpquickmovementCthedoorwidelyDHisvictoryintheA

wasnoB

thanIhadDBecausethereareA

memberspresenttonightB

thereC

lastnight,mustwaituntilthenextDWe’vegivenhimA

abouteverythingheB

whateverC

heInnote-taking,astrictdisciplinehastobekeptandallinessential

unnecessarywordsDWhenthecarAtoisolatethevillageC

thepoisonousgasranBallD

therails,thefiremenToA

frank,B

isagreatrelieftohavethetaskC

insoshortaD

minimum, negotiators hoofB

inprinciple

withdetailstobeworkedD

ItisA

tonote

thatinrecentyears,cigarettesmokershaveinthedecline,especiallyamongolder Section Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsgiveninthebrackets.PutyouranswerintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Itishighlydesirablethatanew (appoint)forthiscollege.ANSWER:(should)beappointedIntheMiddleAges,inRome,VeniceandotherItaliancities,theredevelopedaninlectualmovement (call)humanism,whichwasthebasisoftheIflawandorder (be)notp,neitherthecitizennorhispropertyissafe.Thecolonelwasdecoratedforbravery, (fight)offtheIt’squiteobviousthatPaulwon’tsellhisbusinessnowthathe’sgotit (run)so (Notwish)todisturbhisbabysister,hetiptoedintotheIhappened (talk)withhimwhenhewashitbyaballandTheapplicants (interview)arerequiredtobringallthenecessaryVictorobviouslydoesn’tknowwhat’shappened,otherwisehe (notmake)suchastupidremark.Such (be)thecase,therearenogroundstojustifyyourThecarshowsnosignsof (repair);itlookslikeanewSectionVIChinese-EnglishTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(15惡劣的天氣使他無(wú)法按時(shí)動(dòng)身去請(qǐng)先把事故的原因查清楚再向匯報(bào)經(jīng)當(dāng)?shù)嘏鷾?zhǔn)后，他們?nèi)∠嗽ǖ捻?xiàng)目SectionVIIEnglish-ChineseTranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Onlytheunderlinedsentencesaretobetranslated.(20points)SeatedbehindthefrontdeskataNewYorkfirm,thereceptionistwasStylishlydressed,thefirm’snewestemployeehadapleasantephonevoiceandanaturalcharmthatputclientsatease.Thecompanywaspleased:(61)Clearly,thiswasawhotookconsiderableprideinalappearance.DavidKing,thereceptionist,isunusual,butbynomeansunique.(62)Justasalltruckdriversandconstructionworkersarenolongernecessarilymen,allsecretariesandreceptionistsarenolongerautomaticallywomen.Thenumberofmeninwomen-dominatedfieldsisstillsmallandtheyhaven’tattractedtheattentionthathasoftenfollowedwomenadvancingintomale-dominatedfields,butmenaremovingintomoreandmorejobsthathavetraditionallybeenheldbywomen.Strictlyspeaking,thephenomenonisnotnew.Forthepastseveraldecades,menhavebeenquietlyenteringfieldssuchasnursing,socialworkandelementaryeducation.Buttodaynojobseemsoff-limits.Menservecoffeeinofficesandmealson(63)Thesechangesareheltoinfluencesomeofthelong-standingtraditionsaboutthetypesofworkmenandwomencando--buttheyalsoproducesomeundeniableproblemsforthemenwhoareenteringthosefieldsformerlydominatedbywomen.Whatkindsofmenventureintotheseso-called“women’sfields”?Allkinds.“Idon’tknowofanydefiniteanswersI’dbecomfortablewith,”explainsJosephPleck,Ph.D.,oftheWellesleyCollegeCentrefo