高中英語北師大版Unit21HumanBiology 第二十一單元過關(guān)檢測

第二十一單元過關(guān)檢測(時間:90分鐘分值:120分)第一部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共12小題;每小題分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項。A導學號53110058DoctorsinBritainarewarningofanobesitytimebomb,whenchildrenwhoarealreadyoverweightgrow,whatshouldwedo?Exercisemore?Eatless?Orboth?Thegovernmentfeelsithastotakeresponsibilityforthisexpandingproblem.ThecheerfulMrPickwick,theheroofthenovelbyCharlesDickens,isseeninillustrationsassomeonewhoisplumpandthe18thcenturypaintings,beautyisequated(使……等同)withroundedbodiesandsoftnowadaysbeingoverweightisseenasindicatingneitheracheerfulcharacternorbeautybutanincreasedriskofheartdisease,strokeanddiabetes.Sowhatdoyoudo?Diet?No,accordingtoEngland’schiefmedicalofficer,SirLiamDonaldson,physicalactivityisthekeytoreducingtherisksofobesity,cancerandhearttheHealthSecretaryJohnReidevensaidthatbeinginactiveisasseriousariskfactorinheartdiseaseassmoking.So,havingboughtsomecrosstrainers,howmuchexerciseshouldyoudo?AccordingtoSirLiamDonaldson,atleast30minutesofmoderateactivityfivedaysagoingtothegymtheanswer?Luckilyforthosewhothinkthatrunningmachinesareboring,theHealthDevelopmentAgencybelievesthatphysicalactivitythatfitsintopeople’slivesmaybemoresuggesttakingthestairsratherthanthelift,walkingupescalators,playingactivegameswithyourchildren,dancingoraccordingtoasportspsychologist,ProfessorBiddle,gyms“arenotmakingthenationfit”,andmayevencauseharm.

There’snewscientificevidencethattoomuchexercisemayactuallybebadforattheUniversityofUlsterhavefoundthatunsuitableexercisereleasesdangerousfreeradicalsthatcanadversely(oppositely)affectnormalonlypeoplewhoshouldpushtheirbodiestothatlevelofexerciseonaregularbasisaretrainedathletes.So,shouldweforgetaboutgymandfollowsomeexperts’advicetoreducesedentary(久坐不動的)activityandincreaseexerciseinourdailylife?Afterall,gettingoffthebusstopearlyandwalkingtherestofthewaycan’tdoanyharm!Onefinalthought:Howcomepastgenerationslackedgymfacilitiesbutwereleanerandfitterthanpeopletoday?Pickwickandthepaintingsofthe18thcenturyareusedasexamplestoshowthat.

shouldbeoverweightfatmanisusuallyacheerfulcharacterwasconsideredsomethinggoodatonetimeleadstoanincreasedriskofdisease提示:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“ThecheerfulMrPickwick,theheroofthenovelbyCharlesDickens,isseeninillustrationsassomeonewhoisplumpandhappy.”可知胖曾被認為是幸福的。故C項正確。答案:CtoSirLiamDonaldson,weshould.

onadietregularphysicalactivityupsmokingtothegym提示:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中“AccordingtoSirLiamDonaldson,atleast30minutesofmoderateactivityfivedaysaweek.”可知要進行有規(guī)律的體育活動。故B項正確。答案:Bunderlinedphrase“crosstrainers”probablyrefersto.

whohelpyoudoexercisewhereyoucandoexerciseequipmentkindoffood提示:詞義推測題。根據(jù)本句后面的“howmuchexerciseshouldyoudo?”可以推測crosstrainers為健身器材。故C項正確。答案:Cisthepassagemainlyabout?tokeepfitandavoidfatness.risksforoverweightpeople.dangersofexerciseinthegym.benefitofabalanceddiet.提示:主旨大意題。本文主要講述越來越嚴重的肥胖問題,以及怎么解決肥胖問題,故A項正確。答案:AB導學號53110059Everyonewantstohaveahealthy,heartdiseasesaffectmorethan1in3adultsintheUnitedgoodnewsisthatsomesimple,everydayhabitscanmakeabigdifferenceinyourabilitytoliveahealthyaresomeworsthabitsforyourheart,andhowtoavoidthem.WatchingTVSittingforhoursonendincreasesyourriskofheartattackandstroke(中風).“Someexercisedoesn’tmakeupforthetimeyousit,”saysHarmony,Why?ThelackofmovementmayaffectbloodlevelsoffatsandReynoldsadviseswalkingaroundregularlyand,ifyou’reatwork,standinguptotalkonthephone.LeavinghostilityanddepressionuncheckedAreyoufeelingstressedorsad?Itcandoharmtoyoureveryonefeelsthiswaysomeofthetime,howyouhandletheseemotionscanaffectyourhearthealth.“Thosewithstressareingreaterdanger;researchhasshownlaughterandsocialsupportarehelpful,”DrReynoldssays.“Andit’shelpfultobeabletogotosomeoneandtalkaboutyourproblems.”CuttingofffromtheworldIt’snosecretthatonsomedays,otherhumanbeingscanseemannoyingandtoodifficulttogetalongwith.However,itmakessensetostrengthenyourconnectionstotheonesyouactuallywithstrongerconnectionstofamily,friends,andsocietyingeneraltendtolivealonger,healthierlife.Everyoneneedsalonetime,butyoushouldstillreachouttoothersandkeepintouchwheneveryoucan.Drinking(toomuch)alcoholSure,studiessuggestasmallamountofalcoholmaybegoodforyour,toomanyofusdrinkmuchalcoholislinkedtoagreatriskofhighbloodpressure,highlevelsofbloodfats,andheartfailure.TVforalongtimemay.

youliveahealthylifetoheartattackupforthetimeyousityoufeelstressed提示:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Sittingforhoursonendincreasesyourriskofheartattackandstroke(中風)”可推知B項正確。答案:Bofthefollowingisbadforthosewithstressandsadness?alot.abouttheirownproblems.socialsupport.theseemotionsalone.提示:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二個黑標題的內(nèi)容可以找到對應(yīng)的選項D。答案:Dyouwantalonghealthylife,youshould.

offfromtheworldalongwellwithothersaloneasmuchaspossiblenoalcohol提示:細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三個黑標題下的內(nèi)容“Peoplewithstrongerconnectionstofamily,friends,andsocietyingeneraltendtolivealonger,healthierlife.”可知選B項。答案:Bthepassagewecaninferthat.

everydayhabitscanhelpavoidheartattackuptotalkonthephoneisnotagoodidea’seasytostrengthenyourconnectionstoothersmuchalcoholisnotlinkedtoheartfailure提示:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的主題內(nèi)容直接推斷選A項。根據(jù)“...ifyou’reatwork,standinguptotalkonthephone.”推斷B項錯誤。根據(jù)第四個黑標題部分的句子“Toomuchalcoholislinkedtoagreatriskofhighbloodpressure”排除D選項。答案:AC導學號53110060(2023全國甲卷)Readingcanbeasocialofthepeoplewhobelongtobookchoosebookstoreadandthenmeettodiscuss,thewebsiteturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup.Membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownandwouldliketoprovidesanidentificationnumbertostickinsidethethepersonleavesitinapublicplace,hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit.BrucePederson,themanagingdirectorofBookCrossing,says,“Thetwothingsthatchangeyourlifearethepeopleyoumeetandbooksyoucombinesboth.”Membersleavebooksonparkbenchesandbuses,intrainstationsandcoffeefindstheirbookwillgotothesiteandrecordwheretheyfoundit.PeoplewhofindabookcanalsoleaveajournalentrydescribingwhattheythoughtofarethensenttotheBookCrosserstokeepthemupdatedaboutwheretheirbookshavebeenPedersonsaystheideaisforpeoplenottobeselfishbykeepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome.BookCrossingispartofatrendamongpeoplewhowanttogetbacktothe“real”andnotthevirtual(虛擬).Thesitenowhasmorethanonemillionmembersinmorethanonehundredthirty-fivecountries.doestheauthormentionbookgroupsinthefirstparagraph?roduceBookCrossing.stresstheimportanceofreading.encouragereaderstosharetheirideas.提示:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“Now,thewebsiteturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup.”可知,現(xiàn)如今這個稱之為的網(wǎng)站推翻了人們傳統(tǒng)觀念中的“讀書會”的概念。由此引出下文對這一網(wǎng)站的介紹。故此處提及bookgroups是為了引出話題。因此B項正確。答案:Bdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?book.adventure.publicplace.identificationnumber.提示:代詞指代題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句可以得知,此人將書放于一公眾場所,盼著它能有一番奇遇,隨著發(fā)現(xiàn)它的每一位新讀者到處旅行。因此此處it指代上文提到的thebook。答案:AwillaBookCrosserdowithabookafterreadingit?otherreaderstodiscussit.itsafeinhisbookcase.itontoanotherreader.itbacktoitsowner.提示:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段及第四、五段可知,這些書會放在一些公共場所,發(fā)現(xiàn)者要將信息上傳至網(wǎng)站,以便人們及時掌握這些書籍的動向。因此可以得知,當人們閱讀完后,會將其傳給其他人,故選C項。答案:Cisthebesttitleforthetext?Reading:AVirtualTourBooks:ANewTrendBookGroupBringsTraditionBackWebsiteLinksPeoplethroughBooks提示:主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可以得知,本文主要介紹了一個圖書分享網(wǎng)站,故只有D項最合適。A項表示“網(wǎng)上閱讀”,virtual為錯誤信息;B項表示“電子書”,electronic為錯誤信息;C項表示“帶回傳統(tǒng)”,abookgroup為錯誤信息。答案:D第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。導學號53110061Everydayhasjust24hours—andthisappliestoallpeopleareconstantlypushedforarticleisabouthowwecanlearntomanageourvaluabletimemoreeffectively.Inrealitywecannotmanagecanonlymanageourselvesandourrelationshipwithtime.13Andhabitsarenotthateasytochange.

Belowthereareseventipsthatcanhelpyoumanageyourtimebetter.Organizeyourgoals.Organizeyourgoalsbasedontwocriteria:degreeofurgencyandimportance:bedonetoday,tomorrow,bedoneat“thatdate”.beputoffforsomanyasksomeoneelsetodoit.14

Cleanupyourlist.Makealistofeverythingyouthinkthatisnothelpingorbenefitingyouanddonotdothem!Focusononegoal.Concentrateonlyononegoalata,whiledealingwithsomethingyouthinkyoucandoitlater,mostlikelyyouwillgetboredanddisappointed.15Theboredom(厭倦)isguaranteedwiththiswayofthinking.

Identifyyourdeadlines.16Dividetheactivitiesintoperday/weekandlong-termgoalstogetaclearpictureofwhatyouhavetodoandwhen.

Findsuitableworkenvironment.17

Berealistic.Makesurethatyourgoalsarerealisticanddonottrytheimpossible.Say“NO”.Learntosay“No”tootheractivities,requestsandpeoplewhooccupyyourtime(unlessindeedatthatverymomentitisnecessaryforyoutohelpthem).timetoadjustyourlistifnecessary.all,howwemakefulluseofourtimeislargelyamatterofhabit.asuitableenvironmenttowork,anizingyourgoals,startwiththemostimportantandurgent.islikeeverytimeyoueatyouthinkaboutallthemealsyoumusteatinyourlife.notletboredomdiscourageyouifwhatyouhavetocompleteisboring.答案:13~17BEFDC第二部分英語知識運用(共兩節(jié),滿分45分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共20小題;每小題分,滿分30分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。ThePlatformShoe導學號53110062Jameswasacuriousyounghewent,helikedtoobservethingsandto18people,whattheydid,andwhattheywore.19hewasmakingsudden20allthecouldn’treallyhelpit,anditjusthappened.

Forexample,hesawaman21bodywascoveredintattoos(文身).Thatmanwas22andwalkedwithimaginedhim23peopleup,sometimeswithpolesandsometimeswithhishands,speaking24wordseachtimeheopenedhismouth.

SometimesJamesfeltguiltyfor25othersthisway,butthatfeelingwas26andneverreallylasted.

Then,onetime,hesawawoman27aloneinawomanwasmiddle-aged,quitefat,andalthoughshewasnot28,Jamescouldtellshewasashortusual,Jamesglancedacrossathiseyesreachedher29,hegotashock.

Thereshewas,onherleftfoot,wearinga30shoethatwasatleast3inchescouldsuchalittlemiddle-agedladywhowas31besovainastowearsuchhighplatforms?Look32?Inthatshortmomentoftime,33thoughtsflowedthroughJames’mind.

Asecondlater,James’eyes34movedacrosstothelady’srightthere,hegotanevenbigger35—itwasaflatwasnotvain;shewasjustadisabledanything,shedeserved36,certainlynotblame,notevenmentalblame.

Jameswasstruckwithgreat37.Itwasacruellessonhehadtolearnaboutnotjumpingtoconclusions,aboutnotjudgingpeople,especiallysoquickly.

提示:根據(jù)第一句信息“Jameswasacuriousyoungman.”詹姆斯是一個有好奇心的年輕人,推斷出:無論他走到哪兒,他喜歡觀察事物觀察人。watch指“注意,觀察”。答案:B 提示:根據(jù)第二段的例子可知:因為詹姆斯喜歡觀察事物觀察人,會不由自主地對所見到的人與事進行判斷。結(jié)合常理:這種習慣應(yīng)該是逐漸養(yǎng)成的。答案:A 提示:第二段的例子可知:詹姆斯會不由自主地對所見到的人與事進行判斷。makesuddenjudgments為固定詞組,意為“做出突然的判斷”。答案:C 提示:分析后文“...bodywascoveredintattoos.”可知此處應(yīng)為定語從句的引導詞,且在從句中做定語,故填whose。答案:C 提示:后文信息詞“...walkedwithpride.”此人走路充滿自豪感表明此人身體強壯,以此自豪。答案:D 提示:后文語境“...withpolesandsometimeswithhishands...”可知:此人有時用桿子或手打人。答案:C 提示:因為詹姆斯此時推測此人是壞人,所以此處指那人一張口就說臟話。答案:C 提示:語境:有時,詹姆斯會因為這樣判斷人而感到內(nèi)疚。與第一段第三個空“judgments”相呼應(yīng)。答案:B 提示:but表明這種內(nèi)疚只是暫時的,從來沒有真正地長期存在過。答案:A 提示:后文地點是酒吧,表明這位女士在飲酒。答案:B 提示:常識:在酒吧里通常坐著喝酒。此處指女士雖然坐著,詹姆斯仍然判斷出她很矮。答案:B 提示:根據(jù)下段信息“Thereshewas,onherleftfoot...”可知詹姆斯此時在觀察女士的腳。答案:A 提示:后文語境:女士穿著至少3英寸的高跟鞋,而且31空后有“platforms”提示詞。答案:C 提示:從當時詹姆斯的觀察:中年女士又胖又矮,自然屬于普通人,平凡人。common“普遍的”;usual“通常的”;normal“正常的”;ordinary“平凡的,普通的”。答案:D 提示:常識:女士穿高跟鞋的目的一般是為了看起來漂亮。答案:D 提示:語境:詹姆斯當時認為相貌平平的中年女士為了虛榮而穿很高的高跟鞋。所以他的心里閃現(xiàn)出責備的想法。答案:B 提示:這是詹姆斯自然而然的觀察習慣。答案:A 提示:后文信息“...itwasaflatshoe.”另一只鞋子竟然是平跟鞋。這種情況當然會讓詹姆斯震驚。答案:D 提示:上文信息“...shewasjustadisabledwoman.”可知:女士穿高跟鞋不是為了虛榮,而是因為殘疾,她應(yīng)該得到同情。答案:C 提示:語境:詹姆斯為剛才的貿(mào)然下結(jié)論而感到深深的內(nèi)疚。答案:B第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題分,滿分15分)閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。導學號53110063Yangshuo,ChinaItwasraininglightlywhenI38.(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforeIdidn’tfewhours39.,I’dbeenathomeinHongKong,with40.(it)choking,theairwascleanandfresh,evenwiththerain.

I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver41.arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese42.(painting).Instead,I’dheadedstraightforthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhouraway43.carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.

Yangshuo44.(be)reallystudyoftravelers45.(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsinthethetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeoplein&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit46.(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople47.(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.

答案:earlierwhichwholive第三部分寫作(共兩節(jié),滿分35分)第一節(jié)短文改錯(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤,每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加:在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號(∧),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改:在錯的詞下畫一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意:1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞;2.只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計分。導學號53110064MynameisMartyhaveamuscledisease,whichmakemesoweakthatsometimesIamclumsyanddropthingsorbumpinto,evenaftermuchmedicaltests,noonecouldgivemydiseaseanameanditisdifficulttoknowhowthefutureeducationsufferedalotinmyprimaryschoolbutnow,athighschool,mylifeisalotofeasierbecausemyfellowstudentshaveacceptedinallIhaveagoodlife.InmanywaysmydisabilityhashelpedmegrowstrongerpsychologicalandbecomemoreIhadachancetosayonethingtohealthychildren,itwillbethis:Don’tfeelsorryfortheacceptthemforwhattheyare,andgivethemencouragementtoliveasrichandfulllifeasyoudo.答案:M