全冊(cè)高中英語(yǔ)必修4課文逐句翻譯(外研版)

Module1TheCityofthe來(lái)城市Whatwillthecityofthefuturelooklike?Nooneknowsforsure,andmakingpredictionsisariskybusiness.onethingiscertain---theyaregoingtogetbiggerbeforetheygetsmaller.但是有一件事情是可以肯定的---Inthefuture,carefortheenvironmentwillbecomeveryimportantasearth'snaturalresourcesrunout.在未來(lái)，愛(ài)護(hù)環(huán)境將會(huì)很重要，因?yàn)榈厍虻馁Y源將瀕臨枯竭。Wewilluselotsofrecycledmaterials,suchasplastic,aluminum,steel,glass,woodandpaper,andwewillwastefewernaturalresources.我們將會(huì)使用大量的可將會(huì)有所減弱。Wewillalsohavetorelymoreonalternativeenergy,suchassolarandwindpower.Allthisseemscertain,butthereareplentyofthingsaboutcitylifeinthefuturewhicharenotcertain.知的。Tofindoutwhatyoungpeoplethinkaboutthefutureofurbanlife,ateacheratauniversityinTexasintheUnitedStatesaskedhisstudentstothinkhowtheywouldrunacityof50,000peopleintheyear2025.2025年擁5萬(wàn)人口的城市，Herearesomeoftheideastheyhad:下面是他們的一些構(gòu)想:GarbageshipsTogetridofgarbageproblems,thecitywillloadhugespaceshipswithwastematerialsandsendthemtowardsthesun,preventinglandfillandenvironmentalproblems.垃圾船:材料，朝太陽(yáng)射，這樣做防止了垃圾填埋和環(huán)境間題。BatmanNets：Policewillarrestcriminalsbyfiringnetsinsteadofguns.勤務(wù)兵網(wǎng):警察逮捕罪犯時(shí)，將會(huì)向罪犯射出網(wǎng)狀物而不是用槍。Forgetsmoking：Nosmokingwillbeallowed'withinafuturecity'slimits.Smokingwillbepossibleonlyoutsidecities,andoutdoors.戒煙:在未來(lái)城市范圍內(nèi)將禁止吸煙。只有在郊區(qū)和戶(hù)外才允許吸煙。Forgetthemalls：Inthefutureallshoppingwillbedoneonline,andcatalogueswillhavevoicecommandstoplaceorders.告別商廈:商品目錄將會(huì)有語(yǔ)音指令來(lái)排序。Telephonesforlife：Everyonewillbegivenatelephonenumberatbirththatwillneverchange'nomatterwheretheylive.電話(huà)人生:每個(gè)人一出生就會(huì)給予一個(gè)電話(huà)號(hào)碼，將來(lái)無(wú)論他們居住在哪兒，這個(gè)電話(huà)號(hào)碼都不會(huì)更改。Recreation：Allformsofrecreation,suchascinemas,bowling,softball,concertsandothers,willbeprovidedfreeofchargebythecity.娛樂(lè):影院、保齡球、壘球、音樂(lè)會(huì)和其他等等都將由該市政府免費(fèi)提供。Cars：Allcarswillbepoweredbyelectricity,solarenergyorwind,anditwillbepossibletochangethecolorofcarsattheflickofaswitch.汽車(chē):所有的汽車(chē)部將由Tele-surgery：Distancesurgerywillbecomecommonasdoctorscarryoutoperationsfromthousandsofmilesaway,witheachcityhavingitsowntele-surgeryoutpatientclinic.遠(yuǎn)程手術(shù):隨著每個(gè)城市擁有自己的遠(yuǎn)程手術(shù)門(mén)診部，醫(yī)生將能在數(shù)千里以外實(shí)施手術(shù)，遠(yuǎn)程手術(shù)將會(huì)變得十分普通。Holidaysathome：Seniorcitizensandpeoplewithdisabilitieswillbeabletogoanywhereintheworldusinghigh-techcamerasattachedtotheirhead.居家度假:長(zhǎng)的市民和殘疾人通過(guò)使用綁在頭上的高新技術(shù)相機(jī)可以周游世界。Spacetravel：Travellinginspacebyordinarycitizenswillbecommon.Eachcitywillhaveitsownspaceport.太空邀游:普通市民邀游太空將會(huì)變得很平常，每個(gè)城市都將有自己的太空港。Module2GettingAroundin在北京Taxis出租車(chē)Taxisareonthestreets24hoursaday.24小時(shí)服務(wù)的。Simplyraiseyourhand.andataxiappearsinnotime.租車(chē)。Theyareusuallyred,andtheydisplaythepriceperkilometeronthewindow.Youshouldcheckcabhasabusinesspermit,andmakesureyouaskforareceipt.你要做的，就是確認(rèn)司機(jī)有營(yíng)運(yùn)照，并且索要發(fā)票。Busesandtrolleybuses公交車(chē)和電車(chē)PublictransportprovidesacheapwaytogetaroundinBeijing.公共交通為人們游覽北京提供了低價(jià)位的出行方式。Thereare20,000busesandtrolleybusesinBeijing,buttheycangetverycrowded.它們有時(shí)會(huì)很擁擠。It'sagoodideatoavoidpublictransportduringtherushhour(6:30amand8:00amand5:00pmand6:30pm).最明智的做法是避免在高峰期(6:008:005:006:30)Faresarecheap,startingat1yuan.這些車(chē)車(chē)票價(jià)格便宜，一元起價(jià)。Air-conditionedbusescostmore.空調(diào)車(chē)則要貴一些。Busesnumbered1to100arelimitedtotravelwithinthecitycentre.1100Highernumbershavedestinationsinthesuburbs.更高一些的線(xiàn)路，可以通達(dá)郊區(qū)。Touristsshouldn'tmissthe103buswhichoffersoneofthemostimpressiveroutes,pasttheForbiddenCityandtheWhitePagodainBeihaiPark.103路電車(chē)，它途經(jīng)紫禁城和北海Ifyougetonadouble-deckerbus,makesureyouupstairs.haveagoodviewtherapidlychangingcity.這樣你會(huì)一覽這個(gè)飛速發(fā)展城市的亮麗風(fēng)景。Mostbusesrunfromabout5:00amtomidnight.However,thereisalsoanightbusservice,providedbybuseswithanumberinthe200s.Minibuses小公共汽車(chē)Minibuseswithseatsfor12passengersofferanalternativetoexpensivetaxisandcrowdedpublictransportinsomeareas.12車(chē)給人們?cè)诎嘿F的出租車(chē)和擁擠的公共汽車(chē)外，提供了第三種選擇。Theyrunregularservicesandfollowthesameroutesaslargepublicbuses.它們跟大公共汽Andinaminibusyoualwaysgetaseatinrushhours.在小公共汽車(chē)上，即使在高峰期也能找到空位。Underground地鐵TherearefourundergroundlinesinBeijing,andseverallinesareunderconstruction.北京有四條地鐵線(xiàn)，還有幾條線(xiàn)也正在建設(shè)之中。Trainsarefastandconvenient,butrushhourscanbeterrible.地鐵方便快捷，但在高峰期，情況會(huì)很糟糕。Aone-waytripcosts3yuan.地鐵票價(jià)單程為三元，Stationnamesaremarkedinpinyin.undergroundisopenfrom5:00amto11:00pm.511點(diǎn)。Pedicabs三輪腳踏車(chē)Touristslikethesehuman-pedaled"tricycletaxis",buttheycanbeexpensive.游客們喜歡這些人力驅(qū)動(dòng)的"三輪腳踏車(chē)"，但價(jià)格可能會(huì)較貴。Youshouldtalktothedriver,andmakesureyouknowthepricebeforeyoubeginthejourney,forexample,ifitisperperson,singleorreturn.因此坐之前要先弄清楚價(jià)格，明確價(jià)錢(qián)是否按人數(shù)計(jì)算、是單程還是往返雙程的問(wèn)題。Tricyclesareworthusingifyouwanttoexplorethenarrowalleys(hutong)ofoldBeijing.腳踏車(chē)絕對(duì)是值得一坐的。Module3Body身勢(shì)語(yǔ)Ifyousaytheword"communication",mostpeoplethinkofwordsandsentences.Althoughtheseareveryimportant,wecommunicatewithmorethanjustspokenandwrittenwords.Indeed,bodypositionsarepartofwhatwecall"bodylanguage".說(shuō)起"交流"，大多數(shù)人會(huì)想到單詞或句子，雖然單詞與句子十分重要，但我們并不只是用口語(yǔ)和書(shū)面語(yǔ)進(jìn)行交流，身體的姿態(tài)是我們所稱(chēng)的"身勢(shì)語(yǔ)"的一部分。Weseeexamplesofunconsciousbodylanguageveryoften,yetthereisalso"learned"bodylanguage,whichvariesfromculturetoculture.語(yǔ)，但也有“習(xí)得”的身勢(shì)語(yǔ)。習(xí)得的身勢(shì)語(yǔ)在不同的文化中各不相同。Weuse"learned"bodylanguagewhenweareintroducedtostrangers.給生人時(shí)，我們使用"習(xí)得的身勢(shì)語(yǔ)。Likeotheranimals,weareonguarduntilweknowitissafetorelax.跟動(dòng)物一樣，我們會(huì)保持警覺(jué)，直至知道安全的時(shí)候Soeveryculturehasdevelopedaformalwaytogreetstrangers,toshowthemwearenotaggressive.的正規(guī)的方式，以表示他們并不具有侵犯傾向。Traditionally,EuropeansandAmericansshakehands.歐美人的傳統(tǒng)是握手，Theydothiswiththerighthand---thestrongesthandformostpeople.他們用右手握手---右手對(duì)多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)更有力一些。Ifourrighthandisbusygreetingsomeone,itcannotbeholdinga假如右手用于忙著與人打招呼就不可能握武器。Sothegestureissaying,"Itrustyou.Look,I'mnotcarryingathreateningweapon."我信"Ifyoushakehandswithsomeone,youshowyoutrustthem.假如你和人握手，就是在表明你信任他們。Weshakehandswhenwemakeadeal.Itmeans,"Weagreeandwetrusteachother."我們?cè)谧鼋灰讜r(shí)與人握我們達(dá)成了協(xié)議，相互信任"GreetingsinAsiancountriesdonotinvolvetouchingtheotherperson,buttheyalwaysinvolvethehands.亞洲人打招呼是不接觸他人身體的，但他們要用手。TraditionallyinChina,whenwegreetsomeone,weputtherighthandovertheleftandbowslightly.;稍躬身而行禮。Muslimsgivea"salaam",wheretheytouchtheirheart,mouthandforehead.Hindusjointheirhandsandbowtheirheadsinrespect.印度，雙手交合，恭敬地鞠躬。Inalloftheseexamples,thehandsarebusywiththegreetingandcannotholdaweapon.在上述例子中，手部在忙于打招呼，不可能拿武器。Eventoday,whensomepeoplehaveveryinformalstylesofgreeting,theystillusetheirhandsasagestureoftrust.即使是現(xiàn)在，人們?cè)诜钦綀?chǎng)合打招呼時(shí)，還會(huì)用手來(lái)表示信任對(duì)方。Americanyouthsoftengreeteachotherwiththeexpression,"Givemefive!"擊掌"Onepersonthenholdsuphand,palmoutwardsandfivefingersspread.說(shuō)完后這個(gè)人舉起手，手掌向外，五Theotherpersonraiseshishandandslapstheother'sopenhandabovetheheadina"highfive".Nowadays,isquiteacommongreeting.這是現(xiàn)代常見(jiàn)的打招呼方式。Bodylanguageisfascinatingforanyonetostudy.身勢(shì)語(yǔ)對(duì)于任何研究者來(lái)說(shuō)都具有吸引力。Peoplegiveawaymuchmorebytheirgesturesthanbytheirwords.通過(guò)姿勢(shì)表達(dá)的意思要比通過(guò)話(huà)語(yǔ)表達(dá)巧更多。Lookatyourfriendsandfamilyandseeifyouareamindreader!看看你的朋友和家人，你能洞悉他們的心思嗎?Module4TheStudentWhoAskedQuestion

問(wèn)題的學(xué)生InahungryworldriceisastaplefoodandChinaistheworld’slargestproducer.在RiceisalsoinmayotherAsiancountries,andinsomeEuropeancountieslikeItaly.亞洲其他國(guó)家和一些歐洲國(guó)家比如意大利等，也種植水稻。Intherice-growingworld,theChinesescientist,YuanLongping,isaleadingkey.平是一位重要人士。YuanLongpingwasbornandbroughtupinChina.Asaboywaseducatedinmanyschoolsandwasgiventhenickname,"thestudentwhoasksquestions".小時(shí)候，他在許多學(xué)校讀過(guò)書(shū)，得了個(gè)“問(wèn)問(wèn)題的學(xué)生”的綽號(hào)。Fromanearlyagehewasinterestedinplants.袁隆平從小就對(duì)植物感興趣。Hestudiedagricultureincollegeandasayoungteacherhebeganexperimentsincropbreeding.他在大學(xué)里研究農(nóng)學(xué)。作為一個(gè)年輕的教師，他開(kāi)始了作物育種的實(shí)驗(yàn)。Hethoughtthatthekeytofeedingpeoplewastohavemorericeandtoproducemorequickly.他想，養(yǎng)活世人的關(guān)鍵是更多更快地生產(chǎn)水稻。Hethoughttherewasonlyonewaytodothis-----bycrossingdifferentspeciesofriceplant,andthenhecouldproduceanewplantwhichcouldgiveahigheryieldthaneitheroftheoriginalplants.原先任何一種水稻產(chǎn)量部要高的新品種。FirstYuanLongpingexperimentedwithdifferenttypesofrice.種類(lèi)的水稻進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。TheresultsofhisexperimentswerepublishedinChinain1966.1966年，他的研究成果在中國(guó)發(fā)表。Thenhebeganhissearchforaspecialtypeofriceplant.Ithadtobemale.Ithadtosterile.這種稻種必須是雄性的，必須是不結(jié)果的(譯者注:它屬于生物學(xué)所稱(chēng)的"雄性不育系")。Finally,in1970anaturallysterilemalericeplantwasdiscovered.最后，在1970ThiswastheResearcherswerebroughtinfromalloverChinatodevelopthenewsystem.全國(guó)各地的研究者們被召集在一起開(kāi)發(fā)新的水稻種。Theresearchwassupportedbythegovernment.研究得到了政府的贊助。AsaresultofYuanLongping'sdiscoveriesChinesericeproductionroseby47.5percentinthe1990's.2090年代增長(zhǎng)了47.5%。Therewereotheradvantagestoo.50thousandsquarekilometersofricefieldswereconvertedtogrowingvegetablesandothercashcrops.5萬(wàn)平方公里原來(lái)的稻田現(xiàn)在被用來(lái)種植蔬菜和其他經(jīng)濟(jì)作物。Followingthis,YuanLongping'sricewasexportedtoothercountries,suchasPakistanandthePhilippines.除此以外，袁隆平研制的水稻還出口到巴基斯坦和菲律賓等國(guó)家。InPakistanriceisthesecondmostimportantcropafterwheatandwillbegrowninmanypartsofthecountry.AgriculturalCompanyofChina.中國(guó)袁隆平高科技農(nóng)業(yè)公司已開(kāi)發(fā)出一種新的雜交水稻。ItsyieldismuchgreaterthantheyieldofothertypesofricegrowninPakistan.這種雜交水稻的產(chǎn)量遠(yuǎn)高于種植于巴基斯的坦其他種類(lèi)的水稻。Module5ATripAlongtheGorges三峽之旅InAugust1996,PeterHessler,ayoungAmericanteacherofEnglish,arrivedinthetownofPulingontheYangtzeRiver.1996年8月，一位年輕的美國(guó)英語(yǔ)教師彼得·赫斯勒，來(lái)到長(zhǎng)江之濱的涪陵。HeandacolleagueweretospendtwoyearsthereteachingEnglishatateachertrainingcollege.他和另一位同事將在那里的一所教師進(jìn)修學(xué)院任教兩年。Theyweretheonlyforeignersinthetown.整個(gè)城里只有他們兩名外國(guó)人。ThefirstsemesterfinishedattheendofJanuaryandtheyhadfourweeksofffortheSpringFestival.Theycouldgoanywheretheywished.有四周的春節(jié)假期，可以隨處旅游。Theydecidedtotakeaboatdownstream.他們決定順流而下。Wedecidedtobuyticketsforthejiangyouboat.我們打算買(mǎi)到"江油號(hào)"的船票。Ourcolleaguessaid,"Youshouldn'tgoonthoseships.同事們說(shuō):"areverycrowded.它們太擁擠，Theyaremainlyforgoodsandpeopletradingalongtheriver.don'tstopatthetemplesandtherewon'tbeanyotherforeigners."那些船Thatsoundedfinetome.我覺(jué)得聽(tīng)起來(lái)還不錯(cuò)。Wejusthadtoshowourpassportsandtheyletusgetontheboat.我們出示護(hù)照后便上了船。Weleftthedocksonabeautifulafternoon.在一個(gè)美麗的午后，我們離開(kāi)碼頭。Thesunwasshiningbrightlyaswesaileddownstreamthroughahillyregion.當(dāng)我們順流而下穿過(guò)ftMenrodebambooraftsalongtheriver'sedgeandcoalboatswentpast.太陽(yáng)落ftWecouldseethesunsettingbehindthewhitepagoda.Itwasbeautiful.我們目睹太陽(yáng)在白塔后西沉，美麗極了。Wesleptthroughthefirstgorge,whichiscalledtheQutangGorge.穿過(guò)長(zhǎng)江第一峽崔塘峽時(shí)，我們正在睡夢(mèng)中。Thegorgenarrowsto350feetastheriverrushesthroughthetwo-mile-highmountains.江水在兩英里350"Oh,well,"myfriendsaid,"atleastwehavetwomoreleft."我朋友說(shuō):"至少我們能看見(jiàn)另外兩個(gè)峽谷。"AsWushanwemadeadetouruptheDaningRivertoseesomeofthesmallergorges.船到巫ftThenextdaywewentthroughthebiggorgesontheYangtzeRiver.ItwasalovelymorningaswewentthroughtheWuGorge.在一個(gè)美麗的上午輪船駛過(guò)巫峽。WepassedtheXiangRiver,homeofQuYuan,the3rdcenturyBCpoet.---屈原的家鄉(xiāng)。TherewassomuchhistoryalongtheYangtzeRiver.長(zhǎng)江有太多的歷史。Everyrocklookedlikeapersonoranimal,everystreamthatjoinedthegreatrivercarrieditslegends,everyhillwasheavywiththepast.塊塊巨石形象各異，條條支流部流淌著傳說(shuō)，座座小ft承載著過(guò)往。Aswecameoutofthethirdgorge,theXilingGorge,wesailedintotheconstructionsiteofthedam.入大壩建設(shè)處的江面。Allthepassengerscameondeck.Wetookpicturesandpointedatthesite,butweweren'tallowedtogetofftheboat.對(duì)著工地指指點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，但不可以下船。TheChineseflagwasblowinginthewind.五星紅Onadistantmountainwasasignin20-footcharacters."BuildtheThreeGorgesDam,ExploittheYangtzeRiver,"itsaid.遠(yuǎn)ft20英尺大的漢字"建造三峽大壩，開(kāi)發(fā)長(zhǎng)江資源"。Module6TheMonsteroftheLake池里的怪物The"MonsterofLakeTianchi"intheChangbaiMountainsinJilinprovince,northeastChina,isbackinthenewsafterseveralrecentsightings.在最近兒次露面后，中國(guó)東北吉林省長(zhǎng)白ft的天池怪物又成了新聞。Thedirectorofalocaltouristoffice,MengFanying,saidthemonster,whichseemedtobeblackincolor,wastenmetersfromtheedgeofthelakeduringthemostrecentsighting.據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)氐念伾坪跏呛谏摹?Itjumpedoutofthewaterlikeaseal---about200peopleonChangbai'swesternpeaksawit,"hesaid.他說(shuō):"大約有兩百多人從長(zhǎng)白ft的西峰"Althoughnoonereallygotaclearlookatthemysteriouscreature,Xuejunlin,alocalphotographer,claimedthatitsheadlookedlikeahorse.怪物的頭看起來(lái)像馬頭。"Inanotherrecentsighting,agroupofsoldiersclaimtheysawananimalmovingonthesurfaceofthewater.最近另有一次，一群戰(zhàn)士證實(shí):他們看見(jiàn)湖的水面上有東西在游動(dòng)。Thesoldiers,whowerewalkingalongthesideofthelake,watchedthecreatureswimmingforabouttwominu